期刊：
Archives of Virology,2022年167(12):2851-2855 ISSN：0304-8608
通讯作者：
Zhong, Jie;Liu, Tian Bo;Xiao, Yan Song
作者机构：
[Tang, Qian Jun; Zhong, Jie; Li, Ping; Sui, Wen Wen] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Biol & Control Plant Dis & Ins, Nongda Rd 1, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Tian Bo] Tobacco Res Inst Hunan Prov, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Xiao, Yan Song] Chenzhou Tobacco Co Hunan Prov, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xiao, Yan Song] C;[Zhong, Jie] H;[Liu, Tian Bo] T;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Nongda Road 1, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China.;Tobacco Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
摘要：
Here, we characterized a new mycovirus from the fungus Nigrospora chinensis, which was named "Nigrospora chinensis victorivirus 1" (NcVV1). The NcVV1 genome is 5283 bp in length, containing two continuous open reading frames (ORFs), ORF1 and ORF2. ORF1 and ORF2 were predicted to encode a putative coat protein (CP) and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), respectively. The stop codon of ORF1 overlaps with the start codon of ORF2 by the tetranucleotide sequence AUGA. Phylogenetic analysis based on amino acid sequences of RdRp and CP indicated that NcVV1 clustered with members of the genus Victorivirus in the family Totiviridae. To our knowledge, this was the first report of a mycovirus infecting N. chinensis.
期刊：
Archives of Microbiology,2022年204(8):455 ISSN：0302-8933
通讯作者：
Liang, Z.;Liu, E.
作者机构：
[Liu, Erming; Xiao, Jiling] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Xiao, Jiling; Yang, Ke; Liang, Zhihuai] Hunan Agr Biotechnol Res Inst, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Wei, Lin; Tang, Yanying] Hunan Plant Protect Inst, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Yi] Hunan Rice Res Inst, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Erming Liu] C;[Zhihuai Liang] H;College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Changsha, China
摘要：
Ascoviruses are fatal double-stranded DNA viruses with a special pathogenesis in which cells are converted into vesicles with virions. Several closely related ascovirus isolates that shared more than 90% genomic DNA identity showed different pathogenic courses in previous studies. To investigate the pathogenic differences between the related ascovirus isolates, Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3i (HvAV-3i) and Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3j (HvAV-3j) were used to inoculate four noctuid pest species (Helicoverpa armigera, Mythimna separata, Spodoptera frugiperda, and Spodoptera litura), and the pathogenic indexes were recorded. The mortality of HvAV-3i infected H. armigera and S. frugiperda was approximately 60%, while the other HvAV-infected larvae had mortality rates above 90%. The maximum lethal dilution ratios of HvAV-3i in H. armigera, M. separata, S. frugiperda, and S. litura were 1.90 × 10(7), 1.90 × 10(3), 1.90 × 10(8), and 1.90 × 10(4) viral genome DNA copies/mL, respectively, while the ratios of HvAV-3j were 8.22 × 10(6), 8.22 × 10(2), 8.22 × 10(5), and 8.22 × 10(3) viral genome DNA copies/mL, respectively. Extended larval survival time was found in the HvAV-infected larvae; median survival time of the HvAV-infected larvae ranged from 13 to 19 days. An additional larval instar was found in HvAV-infected M. separata, S. frugiperda, and S. litura. Larval growth and food intake were significantly inhibited from 2 days post-infection (dpi) in the tested H. armigera, S. frugiperda, and S. litura after infection with HvAV-3i or HvAV-3j. The detoxification enzyme activity of host larvae was influenced after infection with HvAVs, and two different regulation patterns were detected, one in infected H. armigera and M. separata and the other in S. frugiperda and S. litura. The results obtained in this study provide insights into the pathogenic characteristics of ascoviruses.
作者：
Yuan, S. Q.;Wang, Y. C.;Lei, L.;Hong, J. Y.;Yi, T. Y.;...
期刊：
PLANT DISEASE,2022年106(7):1996 ISSN：0191-2917
通讯作者：
T. Y. Yi<&wdkj&>Y. Y. Hong
作者机构：
[Yuan, S. Q.; Wang, Y. C.; Lei, L.; Yi, T. Y.; Hong, Y. Y.] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Hunan Prov Key Lab Biol & Control Plant Pests, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Hong, J. Y.] Hunan Agr Univ, Orient Sci & Technol Coll, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[T. Y. Yi; Y. Y. Hong] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
关键词：
Chinese cabbage;Microplitis similis;Plant-defense responses;Spodoptera litura
摘要：
Simple Summary Biological control is an important direction for pest control in the future, and chemical ecology is an indispensable part of biological control. Therefore, we tested the selection of Spodoptera litura and parasitic wasps on the volatiles of different treatments of cabbage and collected and analyzed the volatiles of different treatments of cabbage. This study found that cabbage was fed by Spodoptera litura to produce volatiles to avoid Spodoptera litura while also attracting Microplitis similis. As a result, some compounds were found to be related to the behavior of Spodoptera litura and Microplitis similis. These results provide a theoretical basis for searching for biological control resources and chemical control. Plants respond to herbivorous insect attacks by releasing volatiles that directly harm the herbivore or that indirectly harm the herbivore by attracting its natural enemies. Although the larvae of Spodoptera litura (the tobacco cutworm) are known to induce the release of host plant volatiles, the effects of such volatiles on host location by S. litura and by the parasitoid Microplitis similis, a natural enemy of S. litura larvae, are poorly understood. Here, we found that both the regurgitate of S. litura larvae and S. litura-infested cabbage leaves attracted M. similis. S. litura had a reduced preference for cabbage plants that had been infested with S. litura for 24 or 48 h. M. similis selection of plants was positively correlated with the release of limonene; linalool and hexadecane, and was negatively correlated with the release of (E)-2-hexenal and 1-Butene, 4-isothiocyanato. S. litura selection of plants was positively correlated with the release of (E)-2-hexenal, 1-Butene, 4-isothiocyanato, and decanal, and was negatively correlated with the release of limonene, nonanal, hexadecane, heptadecane, and octadecane. Our results indicate that host plant volatiles can regulate the behavior of S. litura and M. similis.
通讯机构：
[Hu, Y.] D;[Zhang, Z.] H;Hunan Plant Protection Institute, China;Department of Tree Breeding, China
关键词：
Asian citrus psyllid;Citrus HuangLongBing;Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus;Diaphorina citri;Disease control;Insect-pathogen interaction
摘要：
In China, citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) disease is caused by the Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus bacterium, which is carried by the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. It was hypothesized that the epidemic of the HLB may related with the rate of bacterium presence in the insect vector and bacterium content in plant tissues, as well as the phyllosphere microbe communities changes. This study systematically analyzed the presence or absence of Ca. L. asiaticus in citrus tree leaves and in the insect vector D. citri over a 6-year period using real-time PCR. In addition, changes in the number of bacteria carried by D. citri over 12 months were quantified, as well as the relationship between the proportion of D. citri carrying Ca. L. asiaticus and the proportion of plants infected with Ca. L. asiaticus were analyzed. Results showed that the proportion of D. citri carrying bacteria was stable and relatively low from January to September. The bacteria in citrus leaves relatively low in spring and summer, then peaked in December. The proportion of D. citri carrying bacteria gradually declined from 2014 to 2019. The proportion of D. citri carrying Ca. L. asiaticus showed a significant positive correlation with the proportion of diseased citrus. The phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities on the healthy citrus leaf were significantly different with the disease leaf in April and December. Pathogenic invasions change the citrus phyllosphere microbial community structure. It could be summarized that citrus Huanglongbing correlated with incidence of Diaphorina citri carrying Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and citrus phyllosphere microbiome.
通讯机构：
[Zhuhong Yang; Zhong Ding] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
The alpha(2)delta subunit is a high-voltage activated (HVA) calcium channel (Ca(v)1 and Ca(v)2) auxiliary subunit that increases the density and function of HVA calcium channels in the plasma membrane of mammals. However, its function in plant parasitic nematodes remains unknown. In this study, we cloned the full-length cDNA sequence of the voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) alpha(2)delta subunit (named DdCa(v)alpha(2)delta) in Ditylenchus destructor. We found that DdCa(v)alpha(2)delta tends to be expressed in the egg stage, followed by the J3 stage. RNA-DIG in situ hybridization experiments showed that the DdCa(v)alpha(2)delta subunit was expressed in the body wall, esophageal gland, uterus, post uterine, and spicules of D. destructor. The in vitro application of RNA interference (RNAi) affected the motility, reproduction, chemotaxis, stylet thrusting, and protein secretion of D. destructor to different degrees by targeting DdC alpha 1D, DdC alpha 1A, and DdCa(v)alpha(2)delta in J3 stages, respectively. Based on the results of RNAi experiments, it was hypothesized that L-type VGCC may affect the motility, chemotaxis, and stylet thrusting of D. destructor. Non-L-type VGCC may affect the protein secretion and reproduction of D. destructor. The DdCa(v)alpha(2)delta subunit gene also affected the motility, chemotaxis, and reproduction of D. destructor. These findings reveal the independent function of the VGCC alpha(2)delta subunit in D. destructor as well as give a theoretical foundation for future research on plant parasitic nematode VGCC.
通讯机构：
[Huang Huang; Can Chen] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Hunan Rice Field Ecological Planting and Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
关键词：
direct straw return;straw biochar returning;rice-duck co-culture;culm morphology;anatomy and lodging resistance
摘要：
Lodging has a negative effect on rice production and leads to a great loss in yield and quality. It is necessary to clarify the effects of straw return measures coupled with rice-duck co-culture on lodging and to explore a measure that can improve lodging resistance. A randomized block experiment with six treatments (rice monoculture (RNN), rice-duck co-culture (RND), direct straw return and rice monoculture (RSN), direct straw return coupled with rice-duck co-culture (RSD), straw carbon and rice monoculture (RBN), and straw carbon coupled with rice-duck co-culture (RBD)) was conducted to investigate the mechanism of the change in lodging resistance. RNN's rice yield was 6258.02 kg ha(-1). The yield of RND, RSN, RSD, and RBN increased by 15.51, 3.06, 10.23, and 1.59%, respectively, while RBD decreased by 5.01% relative to RNN. Direct straw return and straw biochar return coupled with rice-duck co-culture has both negative and positive effects on lodging resistance because of its properties. The stem's mechanical properties were mainly decided by weight, length, plumpness, and culm anatomy. The increased bending moment at breaking, lodging strength, and bending strength with the RND, RSN, RSD, RBN, and RBD treatments increased, indicated an increase in lodging resistance. Our results clearly demonstrate that direct straw return and straw biochar return coupled with rice-duck co-culture could increase the lodging resistance. In total, rice-duck co-culture could increase the lodging resistance with a higher yield. Compared to straw biochar application, straw return can stabilize the yield and improve the lodging resistance of rice. Thus, direct straw return coupled with rice-duck co-culture should be explored for improving lodging resistance under the condition of ensuring yield.
通讯机构：
[Shi, L ; Liao, XL] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Hunan Prov Engn & Technol Res Ctr Biopesticide &, Changsha, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Spodoptera litura;carboxylesterases;indoxacarb resistance;RNA interference;transgenic fruit fly;molecular modeling and docking
摘要：
BACKGROUND: As an important family of detoxification enzymes, carboxylesterases (CarEs) have important roles in the development of insecticide resistance in almost all agricultural pests. Previous studies have suggested that enhancement of CarE activity is an important mechanism mediating indoxacarb resistance in Spodoptera litura, and several CarE genes have been found to be overexpressed in indoxacarb-resistant strains. However, the functions of these CarE genes in indoxacarb resistance needs to be further investigated. RESULTS: The synergist triphenyl phosphate effectively reduced the resistance of S. litura to indoxacarb, suggesting an involvement of CarEs in indoxacarb resistance. Among seven identified S. litura CarE genes (hereafter SlituCOE), six were overexpressed in two indoxacarb-resistant strains, but there were no significant differences in gene copy number. Knockdown of SlituCOE009 and SlituCOE050 enhanced indoxacarb sensitivity in both susceptible and resistant strains, whereas knockdown of SlituCOE090, SlituCOE093 and SlituCOE074 enhanced indoxacarb sensitivity in only the resistant strain. Knockdown of the sixth gene, SlituCOE073, did not have any effect. Furthermore, simultaneous knockdown of the five SlituCOE genes had a greater effect on increasing indoxacarb sensitivity than silencing them individually. By contrast, overexpression of the five SlituCOE genes individually in Drosophila melanogaster significantly decreased the toxicity of indoxacarb to transgenic fruit flies. Furthermore, modeling and docking analysis indicated that the catalytic pockets of SlituCOE009 and SlituCOE074 were ideally shaped for indoxacarb and N-decarbomethoxylated metabolite (DCJW), but the binding affinity for DCJW was stronger than for indoxacarb. CONCLUSION: This study reveals that multiple overexpressed CarE genes are involved in indoxacarb resistance in S. litura. (C) 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
作者机构：
[Cheng, Ju-E] College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China, Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China;[Zheng, Li-Min; Wang, Zhong-Yong; Hamid, Muhammad Rizwan; Dai, Jian-Ping; Du, Xiao-Hua; Chen, Li-Jie; Zhai, Zhong-Ying; Liu, Yong] Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China;[Su, Pin] College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China;[Zhang, De-Yong] Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China;[Kong, Xiao-Ting] Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China, Long Ping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
通讯机构：
[De-Yong Zhang] A;Affiliation Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
关键词：
Seedlings;Soybeans;Tomatoes;Crops;Bacteria;Vegetable crops;Cucumber;Plant growth and development
摘要：
Photosynthetic bacteria are beneficial to plants, but knowledge of photosynthetic bacterial community dynamics in field crops during different growth stages is scarce. The factors controlling the changes in the photosynthetic bacterial community during plant growth require further investigation. In this study, 35 microbial community samples were collected from the seedling, flowering, and mature stages of tomato, cucumber, and soybean plants. 35 microbial community samples were assessed using Illumina sequencing of the photosynthetic reaction center subunit M (pufM) gene. The results revealed significant alpha diversity and community structure differences among the three crops at the different growth stages. Proteobacteria was the dominant bacterial phylum, and Methylobacterium, Roseateles, and Thiorhodococcus were the dominant genera at all growth stages. PCoA revealed clear differences in the structure of the microbial populations isolated from leaf samples collected from different crops at different growth stages. In addition, a dissimilarity test revealed significant differences in the photosynthetic bacterial community among crops and growth stages (P<0.05). The photosynthetic bacterial communities changed during crop growth. OTUs assigned to Methylobacterium were present in varying abundances among different sample types, which we speculated was related to the function of different Methylobacterium species in promoting plant growth development and enhancing plant photosynthetic efficiency. In conclusion, the dynamics observed in this study provide new research ideas for the detailed assessments of the relationship between photosynthetic bacteria and different growth stages of plants.
通讯机构：
[Zeng, AP ; Zhou, XM ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Biotechnol, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.
关键词：
P. xylostella;PxTreh1;PxTreh2;C/EBP alpha;expression regulation
摘要：
Simple Summary The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is a major agricultural pest of cruciferous vegetables and crops worldwide, causing economic losses of up to USD 5 billion annually. The long-term use of insecticides leads to the rapid evolution of resistance in insects, which greatly increases the difficulty of controlling pests. Trehalase regulates energy metabolism in insects by converting trehalose into two glucose molecules. The existence of trehalase is critical for insect flight and larval stress resistance. However, whether trehalase participates in the development of pesticide resistance remains unclear. In this study, we found that the activity of trehalase and the levels of gene expression in Bt-resistant and field populations of P. xylostella were significantly higher than they were in the susceptible strains. By analyzing the promoter sequences of PxTreh1 and PxTreh2, we confirmed the interaction between C/EBP alpha and the PxTreh2 promoter. The findings of this study suggest that C/EBP alpha mediates the adaptability of P. xylostella to adverse environmental stressors by regulating the expression of trehalase. Trehalase regulates energy metabolism in insects by converting trehalose into two glucose molecules. High amounts of trehalase are critical for insect flight and larval stress resistance. However, whether trehalase participates in the development of pesticide resistance remains unclear. In this study, we explored this phenomenon and the mechanism that underlies the regulation of Trehalase transcription. We found that overexpression of PxTreh1 and PxTreh2 induced Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) resistance in Plutella xylostella. The promoter sequences of PxTreh1 and PxTreh2 were also cloned and identified. The dual-luciferase reporter system and RNA interference technology revealed that the expression of PxTreh1 and PxTreh2 genes is possibly regulated by the CCAAT enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP alpha). A yeast one-hybrid experiment confirmed the interaction between C/EBP alpha and the PxTreh2 promoter. The findings of this study suggest that C/EBP alpha mediates the adaptability of P. xylostella to adverse environmental stressors by regulating the expression of trehalase.
