摘要：
Simple Summary In endoparasitoids that feed within small discrete resource patches, such as seeds or fruits, body size could be subject to a trade-off: larger size could lead to increased overall fitness but could simultaneously increase the risk of resource depletion and starvation, resulting in a body size just below the host holding capacity. We analyzed the relationship of the larval size of the within-fruits-developing curculionid beetle Curculio styracis (Roelofs, 1875) and the size of the fruits of its two congeneric host species of Camellia to test this hypothesis. A logistic model can most accurately describe larval size in association with host-fruit size after a series of models were tested. Based on the characteristics of the optimal model, the hypothesis seemed to be confirmed because larvae that developed in host plant with larger fruits had a larger size, and larval size in both host species remained only a little below the host-fruit capacity. The novelty of the study is that this hypothesis is being tested in a more formal way using appropriate mathematical models. The endoparasitoid body size hypothesis suggests that the size of larvae that develop in a single host should be subject to a trade-off: larger size could lead to increase overall fitness but could simultaneously increase the risk of resource depletion and starvation, resulting in a body size just below the host holding capacity. However, this hypothesis has not been rigorously tested using mathematical models thus far. The camellia weevil, C. styracis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a notorious pest attacking fruits of Camellia oleifera Abel. and C. meiocarpa Hu., in which the larvae develop within a single fruit and larval development is limited by the available food resources. We developed a feasible method to test this hypothesis. First, five models were used to describe the relationship between larval mass and host size. Then, the minimum fruit threshold that had to be met for ad libitum larval development and the corresponding larval size (W-a) of this threshold were calculated based on the characteristics of the optimal model. Finally, the difference between the measured larval size and the predicted larval size (W-a) was determined. The results showed that (1) the data were better described by a logistic function than any other equation; (2) larval size in both host plants increased with increasing fruit size until leveling off when the fruits were large enough to allow unconstrained larval development; (3) larval size remained just below the host-fruit holding capacity, as there was no difference between the measured and predicted larval sizes (W-a); and (4) larvae developed in host plant with larger fruits had a larger size. These results confirmed the endoparasitoid body size hypothesis.
期刊：
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems,2022年6:1028134 ISSN：2571-581X
通讯作者：
Ouyang, F.;Li, W.
作者机构：
[Ouyang, Fang] State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;[Li, Wei] College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China;[Xie, Wen] Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China;[Men, Xingyuan] Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
通讯机构：
[Ouyang, F.] S;[Li, W.] C;State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents, China;College of Plant Protection, China
关键词：
Crop Production;Pest Control;Pollination;Agricultural landscapes;Ecological regulation and control;plant defense
通讯机构：
[Lang Pan] C;College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
通讯机构：
[Jianping Chen; Jian Yang] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
摘要：
Ubiquitination is a major post-translational modification (PTM) involved in almost all eukaryotic biological processes and plays an essential role in plant response to pathogen infection. However, to date, large-scale profiling of the changes in the ubiquitome in response to pathogens, especially viruses, in wheat has not been reported. This study aimed to identify the ubiquitinated proteins involved in Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) infection in wheat using a combination of affinity enrichment and high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. The potential biological functions of these ubiquitinated proteins were further analyzed using bioinformatics. A total of 2297 lysine ubiquitination sites in 1255 proteins were identified in wheat infected with CWMV, of which 350 lysine ubiquitination sites in 192 proteins were differentially expressed. These ubiquitinated proteins were related to metabolic processes, responses to stress and hormones, plant-pathogen interactions, and ribosome pathways, as assessed via Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses. Furthermore, we found that the ubiquitination of Ta14-3-3 and TaHSP90, which are essential components of the innate immune system, was significantly enhanced during CWMV infection, which suggested that ubiquitination modification plays a vital role in the regulatory network of the host response to CWMV infection. In summary, our study puts forward a novel strategy for further probing the molecular mechanisms of CWMV infection. Our findings will inform future research to find better, innovative, and effective solutions to deal with CWMV infection in wheat, which is the most crucial and widely used cereal grain crop.
作者机构：
[Liu, Kailin; Li, Xiaogang; Zheng, Qianqi; Li, Shaomei; Liu, Lejun; Zhao, Jingyu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Kailin; Bai, Lianyang] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Hunan Agr Biotechnol Res Inst, Key Lab Biol & Control Weeds, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Song, Rong] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Environm & Ecol, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Li, Hui] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
通讯机构：
[Rong Song] I;[Kailin Liu] C;College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Agricultural Environment and Ecology, Hunan academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
摘要：
Pest control effectiveness and residues of pesticides are contradictory concerns in agriculture and environmental conservation. On the premise of not affecting the insecticidal effect, the pesticide residues in the later stage should be degraded as fast as possible. In the present study, composite nanoparticles in a double-layer structure, consisting of imidacloprid (IMI) in the outer layer and plant hormone 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBL) in the inner layer, were prepared by the W/O/W solvent evaporation method using Eudragit RL/RS and polyhydroxyalkanoate as wall materials. The release of IMI in the outer layer was faster and reached the maximum within 24 h, while the release of 24-EBL in the inner layer was slower and reached the maximum within 96 h. The contact angle of the composite nanoparticles was half that of the 5% IMI emulsifiable concentrate (EC), and the deposition of composite nanoparticles on rice was twice that of 5% IMI EC, which increased the pesticide utilization efficiency. Compared with the common pesticide, 5% IMI EC, the insecticidal effect of the composite nanoparticles was stronger than that of planthoppers, with a much lower final residue amount on rice after 21 days. The composite nanoparticles prepared in this study to achieve sustained release of pesticides and, meanwhile, accelerate the degradation of pesticide residues have a strong application potential in agriculture for controlling pests and promoting crop growth.
通讯机构：
[Zhong, J.; Zhu, H.] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology, China
关键词：
Colletotrichum fructicola;CgOLV1-CfOLV1;CfOLV2;The integrity of the cell wall;Transcriptomic Analysis
摘要：
Colletotrichum fructicola is a pathogenic fungus causing leaf black spot and fruit rot disease in a wide variety of crops. Some mycoviruses that cause detrimental effects on fungal hosts could be useful in studying the pathogenesis of fungal hosts. In this study, we reported two mycoviruses, Colletotrichum fructicola ourmia-like virus 1- Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ourmia-like virus 1 (CfOLV1-CgOLV1) and Colletotrichum fructicola ourmia-like virus 2 (CfOLV2), from a C. fructicola fungus. The complete genome sequences of CfOLV1-CgOLV1 and CfOLV2 contain 2,516 bp and 2,048 bp, respectively. Both of these viruses contain only one open reading frame (ORF), which encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). CfOLV1-CgOLV1 was identical as the previously reported virus CgOLV1. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CfOLV2 is closely related to Scleroulivirus and Magoulivirus in the family Botourmiaviridae. Virus elimination and horizontal transmission experiments proved that the associated mycoviruses could reduce the pathogenicity of the host C. fructicola. In addition, we found that the virus-containing strains showed a much higher percentage of appressorium formation and more melanin production compared to isogenic virus-free strain, and the presence of the virus is detrimental to the growth of host fungi and regulates the integrity of the cell wall. Transcriptomic analysis showed that mycovirus infection caused various abnormal genes expression in C. fructicola. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a hypovirulence-associated ourmia-like mycovirus in C. fructicola.
