Community-level dormancy potential regulates bacterial beta-diversity succession during the co-composting of manure and crop residues
作者:
Xie, Guixian;Kong, Xiaoliang;Kang, Jialu;Su, Ning;Luo, Gongwen;...
期刊:
Science of The Total Environment ,2021年772:145506 ISSN:0048-9697
通讯作者:
Gongwen Luo
作者机构:
[Luo, Gongwen] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Natl Engn Lab Efficient Utilizat Soil & Fertilize, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Bacterial communities;Composting;Diversity succession;Dormancy potential;PICRUSt-estimated metagenomes
摘要:
This study aimed to disclose the bacterial diversity succession during the co-composting of manure and crop residues and to provide new insight into the role of community-level dormancy potential in diversity succession. Illumina sequencing and PICRUSt-estimated metagenomes were used for this purpose. The bacterial richness and phylogenetic diversity decreased in the early and middle stages of composting and were maintained to a stable status in the late stage. Both composting phases and raw materials impacted the aforementioned alpha diversity significantly, while the composting phases had a greater (80%-94%) impact than the raw materials (1%-18%). Bacterial beta-diversity succession exhibited selectivity as the composting proceeded, and the dominant taxa changed into salt- and heat-resistant genera such as Bacillus, Glycomyces, and Halocella. Meanwhile, Georgenia, Actinomadura, and Ruminofilibacter were identified as the dominant predictor taxa of bacterial community succession in composting. Roughly, the abundance of genes underlying dormancy strategies, including sporulation factors (spo0A gene), toxin-antitoxin systems (dinJ/yafP, mazF/E, hipA/O, and relA/E genes), and resuscitation-promoting factors (rpfC gene), increased as composting proceeded and reached the highest in the thermophilic or maturation phases. Co-occurring relationships between bacterial communities and genes underlying dormancy strategies in different composting phases comprised multiple associations dominated by positive edges (50%-97%). The stability in genes underlying dormancy strategies and aggregate dormancy potential had a positive linear correlation with that in bacterial beta diversity (R-2 = 026-0.42: P< 0.05), but not related significantly to that in richness and phylogenetic diversity. This study highlighted the importance of understanding how community-level dormancy strategies mediated microbial succession in composting to better predict compost maturity and product quality. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
语种:
英文
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控释尿素减施对稻田CH_4和N_2O排放及经济效益的影响
作者:
田昌;周旋;黄思怡;袁浩凌;谢桂先;...
期刊:
生态环境学报 ,2019年28(11):2223-2230 ISSN:1674-5906
作者机构:
湖南农业大学资源环境学院/土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室;[周旋] 湖南省土壤肥料研究所;[谢桂先; 袁浩凌; 田昌; 彭建伟; 刘强; 黄思怡] 湖南农业大学
关键词:
温室气体排放;经济效益;控释尿素;减量施肥;双季稻田
摘要:
通过控释尿素(CRU)替代普通尿素(CU),是实现农业生产化肥“减施增效”及其使用量零增长目标的有效途径之一。选取环洞庭湖典型双季稻(Oriza sativa L.)连作区,设置100%氮CU(农民习惯施肥方式,CU)、100%氮CRU(1.0CRU)、减氮10% CRU(0.9CRU)、减氮20% CRU(0.8CRU)和减氮30% CRU(0.7CRU)共5个处理,通过静态暗箱采气、气相色谱法检测,研究CRU减氮施用对双季稻田CH_4、N_2O排放及稻作经济效益的影响。结果表明:减氮10%—30% CRU处理早稻的CH_4、N_2O排放总量和全球增温潜势(GWP)比CU处理分别减排18.8%—28.7%、15.7%—28.6%、18.4%—28.7%,晚稻的分别减排27.1%—39.5、17.5%—25.0%、25.5%—37.1%;与CU处理相比,0.8CRU和0.7CRU处理显著减少双季稻田CH_4排放总量的23.1%、33.5%和N_2O排放总量的21.9%、26.9%,0.9CRU、0.8CRU和0.7CRU处理分别有效降低GWP的21.7%、22.9%、32.5%和温室气体排放强度的33.0%、29.5%、36.4%;1.0CRU、0.9CRU处理连续4年显著增产(3.75% —18.05%),年均增产幅度分别为12.03%和11.20%;CRU处理双季稻生长季平均增加经济收益2 124.1 yuan·hm~(–2),且以0.9CRU处理最高。综合考虑控释尿素施用后的环境及经济效益,减氮20% CRU是一种适宜在环洞庭湖典型双季稻区推广的氮肥有效管理模式。
语种:
中文
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K3PO4-promoted domino reactions: diastereoselective synthesis of trans-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans from salicyl N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines and sulfur ylides
作者:
Zhang, Minxuan;Lu, Tianyu;Zhao, Yun;Xie, Guixian* ;Miao, Zhiwei*
期刊:
RSC Advances ,2019年9(21):11978-11985 ISSN:2046-2069
通讯作者:
Miao, Zhiwei;Xie, Guixian
作者机构:
[Lu, Tianyu; Miao, Zhiwei; Zhao, Yun; Zhang, Minxuan] Nankai Univ, Coll Chem, State Key Lab, Weijin Rd 94, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China.;[Lu, Tianyu; Miao, Zhiwei; Zhao, Yun; Zhang, Minxuan] Nankai Univ, Coll Chem, Inst Elementoorgan Chem, Weijin Rd 94, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China.;[Miao, Zhiwei] Collaborat Innovat Ctr Chem Sci & Engn Tianjin, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China.;[Xie, Guixian] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Miao, Zhiwei] N;[Miao, Zhiwei] C;[Xie, Guixian] H;Nankai Univ, Coll Chem, State Key Lab, Weijin Rd 94, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China.;Nankai Univ, Coll Chem, Inst Elementoorgan Chem, Weijin Rd 94, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China.
摘要:
An efficient domino annulation between sulfur ylides and salicyl N-tert-butylsulfinyl imines was developed. The reaction proceeds with a diastereodivergent process, the configuration of the sulfinyl group determining the stereochemical course of the reaction. The method allows the synthesis of a highly substituted trans-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran skeleton with high yield and good chemo- and diastereoselectivity.
语种:
英文
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葡萄生产化肥控失增效研究进展
作者:
康兴蓉;彭建伟;胡文峰;孙梦飞;钟雪梅;...
期刊:
黑龙江农业科学 ,2019年(04):139-144 ISSN:1002-2767
作者机构:
湖南农业大学 ,资源环境学院/土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,湖南 长沙 410128;湖南省葡萄工程技术研究中心 ,湖南长沙,410128
关键词:
葡萄;化肥控失;增效
摘要:
葡萄水果产业近年来发展迅速,合理的施肥和科学的管理对葡萄的生产和质量至关重要。化肥控失可减少N、P等元素的流失,提高化肥利用率。本文对葡萄的营养特点、施肥期、施肥中存在的问题及化肥控失技术进行了系统的综述,以期为葡萄生产上化肥的合理施用提供参考。
语种:
中文
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Reduction in nitrogen fertilizer applications by the use of polymer-coated urea: effect on maize yields and environmental impacts of nitrogen losses
作者:
Xie, Yong;Tang, Li;Han, Yongliang;Yang, Lan;Xie, Guixian;...
期刊:
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture ,2019年99(5):2259-2266 ISSN:0022-5142
通讯作者:
Rong, Xiangmin;Zhang, Yuping
作者机构:
[Xie, Guixian; Tang, Li; Rong, XM; Zhang, Yuping; Tian, Chang; Rong, Xiangmin; Liu, Qiang; Peng, Jianwei; Yang, Lan; Han, Yongliang; Xie, Yong] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, POB 410128,1 Nongda Rd, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Xie, Guixian; Tang, Li; Zhang, Yuping; Tian, Chang; Rong, Xiangmin; Liu, Qiang; Peng, Jianwei; Yang, Lan; Han, Yongliang; Xie, Yong] Natl Engn Lab Soil & Fertilizer Resources Efficie, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Xie, Guixian; Tang, Li; Zhang, Yuping; Tian, Chang; Rong, Xiangmin; Liu, Qiang; Peng, Jianwei; Yang, Lan; Han, Yongliang; Xie, Yong] Hunan Prov Key Lab Farmland Pollut Control & Agr, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Xuan] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Soil & Fertilizer Inst, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Rong, XM; Zhang, YP] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, POB 410128,1 Nongda Rd, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词:
PCU application;N rates;maize yield;N2O emission;NH3 emission
摘要:
BACKGROUND: Urea is commonly over-applied as a nitrogen (N) fertilizer to crops in southern China and has a low utilization efficiency as a result of the high precipitation and high temperatures in this region. This has led to a need to optimize the management of N fertilizer use in maize crops on the subtropical hilly uplands of southern China. RESULTS: We investigated the effects of applying different amounts of N in the form of polymer-coated urea (PCU) on the yield of maize and gaseous losses of N from soils in the form of NH 3 and N 2 O. The field plots used in this trial had zero-added N (0 kg N ha −1 ), the addition of urea (240 kg N ha −1 ) and four levels of fertilization with PCU (1 PCU, 0.9 PCU, 0.8 PCU and 0.7 PCU), which represented a 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% reduction, respectively, in the application of PCU-N relative to the urea plot. Compared to the urea plot, there was little variation in the yield of maize for all the PCU-N treatments, with a significant improvement in the utilization efficiency of N (up to 46.0–51.2%) with a 0–30% reduction in the application of PCU-N. Significant effects in the mitigation of the N 2 O emission flux and the accumulation of N 2 O-N were observed in the 0.8 PCU and 0.7 PCU plots. The application of PCU-N significantly reduced the flux and total amount of NH 3 -N lost to the environment: as the application rate for N decreased by 0–30%, the NH 3 loss was significantly reduced by 12.7–36.1%. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study suggest that the use of PCU could allow a reduction in the application of N of 20–30% compared to traditional agricultural practices in this area with the same yield of maize, although with significantly decreased NH 3 and N 2 O losses and the increased utilization of N. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
语种:
英文
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生态沟渠吸收氮磷效果研究
作者:
杨勇;田昌;谢桂先;张玉平;宋海星;...
期刊:
湖南农业科学 ,2019年(1):39-42 ISSN:1006-060X
作者机构:
湖南农业大学资源环境学院,南方粮油作物协同创新中心,土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室,农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室,植物营养湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410128;[谢桂先; 荣湘民; 张玉平; 田昌; 杨勇; 宋海星] 湖南农业大学
关键词:
水生植物;生态拦截;生态沟渠
摘要:
采用模拟沟渠试验,研究了9种水生植物吸收氮磷能力的差异,并选择氮磷吸收能力较好品种构建生态沟渠和氧化塘,研究其氮磷吸收效果。结果表明,种植水生植物后模拟沟渠水中氮磷残留量显著减少,美人蕉、狐尾藻、珍珠梅、海寿花和茭白的生物量高,氮磷的吸收量大,其中种植美人蕉和狐尾藻效果最佳。农田排水中氮磷通过生态沟渠水生植物吸收后浓度显著降低;主沟总氮、可溶性氮和总磷浓度平均降低39.6%、40.1%和36.9%;支沟总氮、可溶性氮和总磷浓度可再平均降低6.6%、10.3%和13.6%;氧化塘总氮和总磷浓度可再降低17.7%和13.3%。生态沟渠可有效拦截水体氮磷,具有净化水质的良好生态效益。
语种:
中文
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化肥减量配施有机肥对早稻田温室气体排放的影响
作者:
杨丹;叶祝弘;肖珣;闫颖;刘鸣达;...
期刊:
农业环境科学学报 ,2018年37(11):2443-2450 ISSN:1672-2043
作者机构:
沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院, 沈阳, 110866;湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 长沙, 410128;[杨丹; 叶祝弘; 肖珣; 闫颖; 刘鸣达] 沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院, 沈阳, 110866;[谢桂先] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 长沙, 410128
关键词:
水稻;有机肥;温室气体;产量;增温潜势
摘要:
为明确化肥减量配施有机肥对早稻田温室气体排放的影响,在长期定位施肥试验区采用密闭静态箱法采集温室气体,监测了常规施用化肥以及化肥减量配施鲜猪粪、沼液沼渣、猪粪堆肥、紫云英绿肥等不同施肥处理的早季稻田主要温室气体排放动态,探讨了不同施肥措施对稻田温室气体累积排放量、全球增温潜势(GWP)及排放强度(GHGI)的影响。结果表明:不同施肥措施下早稻田温室气体的排放存在明显的差异;与常规施肥相比,各化肥减量配施有机肥处理均促进了早稻田CH_4和CO_2的排放,而化肥减量配施鲜猪粪、猪粪堆肥处理的N_2O排放量分别降低了7.09%、4.89%。在早稻生长季,化肥减量配施有机肥虽引起了稻田GWP值的增加,增幅在5.00%~59.58%之间,但也使稻谷产量增加了6.15%~12.10%,选择适宜的有机肥还可降低稻田的GHGI值;其中化肥减量配施猪粪堆肥是本试验中促进早稻增产和实现温室气体减排的最佳施肥措施。
语种:
中文
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控释尿素减施对双季稻田径流氮素变化、损失及产量的影响
作者:
田昌;周旋;谢桂先;刘强;荣湘民;...
期刊:
水土保持学报 ,2018年32(3):21-28 ISSN:1009-2242
作者机构:
湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙, 410128;南方粮油作物协同创新中心, 南方粮油作物协同创新中心, 长沙, 410128;湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙, 410125;[田昌; 谢桂先; 刘强; 荣湘民; 张玉平] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙, 410128 南方粮油作物协同创新中心, 南方粮油作物协同创新中心, 长沙, 410128;[周旋] 湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙, 410125
关键词:
双季稻;控释尿素;减量施肥;径流损失;产量
摘要:
为了探究双季稻田典型自然降雨径流过程中氮(N)的输出特点,采用田间径流池法,通过长期田间定位试验,比较普通尿素(U)和控释尿素(CRU)减施稻田径流水中总氮(TN)、铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)和硝态氮(NO_3~--N)的动态变化及N素径流流失量和流失率。结果表明:稻田施肥初期出现N素径流峰值,是防控N素径流损失的关键时期。早、晚稻季生育期间施N处理径流水中以NH_4~+-N为主要形态,分别占TN径流损失量的64.5%~66.3%,61.0%~68.6%。早、晚稻季U处理径流水TN流失量(率)分别为5.6(2.2%),5.0(1.7%)kg/hm~2;CRU处理较U处理径流水TN流失量分别降低17.4%~34.1%,17.3%~ 37.7%;且随着N肥用量的减少,TN流失量(率)逐渐降低。受降雨强度的影响,早稻季N素径流损失较晚稻季高,且晚稻季CRU处理N素径流损失减排效果优于早稻季。早、晚稻季及连作周期CRU处理TN径流累计损失量和籽粒产量与施N量呈显著线性关系,随着N用量的增加而增加。总之,U处理显著提高径流水中N素浓度以及NH_4~+-N占TN的比例。CRU处理有效减缓N素释放速度,降低施肥初期N素径流损失量,实现增产;而CRU减施有利于进一步防控稻田N素流失风险,促进农业面源污染减排,且以减N 10%效果较好。
语种:
中文
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Performance of integrated ecological treatment system for decentralized rural wastewater and significance of plant harvest management
作者:
Li, Hongfang;Liu, Feng* ;Luo, Pei;Xie, Guixian* ;Xiao, Runlin;...
期刊:
Ecological Engineering ,2018年124:69-76 ISSN:0925-8574
通讯作者:
Liu, Feng;Xie, Guixian
作者机构:
[Luo, Pei; Xiao, Runlin; Li, Hongfang; Wu, Jinshui; Liu, Feng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Changsha Res Stn Agr & Environm Monitoring, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Xie, Guixian; Peng, Jianwei] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Hongfang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.;[Hu, Wei] Hunan Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Life Sci, Xiangtan 411201, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Liu, Feng] C;[Xie, Guixian] H;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Changsha Res Stn Agr & Environm Monitoring, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Ammonia-oxidizing archaea;Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria;Decentralized rural wastewater;Ecological treatment system;Myriophyllum aquaticum;Plant harvest
摘要:
A full-scale integrated ecological treatment system (IETS) comprising, in series from inlet to outlet: two biofilters, one surface flow wetland (SFW), and two stabilization ponds, was constructed to treat rural decentralized domestic sewage and swine wastewater. The results showed the IETS had high removal efficiencies for ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) with average values of 95.7%, 93.0%, 94.6%, and 82.0%, respectively. Incorporation in the IETS of the SFW, vegetated with Myriophyllum aquaticum, was found essential in enhancing the wastewater treatment. The abundances of the amoA gene of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) within the SFW sediment ranged from 1.69 × 108 to 2.46 × 109 copies g−1 and from 2.63 × 107 to 6.90 × 107 copies g−1 dry sediment, respectively. The greatest AOA and AOB abundances, which were observed at the outlet of the SFW, were found to be related to the decreasing NH4 +-N concentrations along the water flow path. The abundance of the narG gene was approximately two orders of magnitude greater than that of nosZ. Multiple harvests of M. aquaticum contributed to 23.7–33.7% of TN removal and 34.2–49.5% of TP removal in the SFW. A plant management practice with a harvesting frequency of once every 20 days yielded the largest amounts of plant biomass and nutrient uptakes. These findings indicated that the vegetation of fast-growing macrophytes such as M. aquaticum in IETS was demonstrated to be an effective way for increasing plant uptake of N and P and enhancing microbial nitrogen-transforming activities, which contributed to improve IETS performance in decentralized rural wastewater treatment. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
语种:
英文
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控释尿素减施对双季稻田氮素渗漏淋失的影响
作者:
田昌;周旋;刘强;谢桂先;荣湘民;...
期刊:
应用生态学报 ,2018年29(10):3267-3274 ISSN:1001-9332
通讯作者:
Zhang, Y.-P.
作者机构:
[黄思怡] College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China;Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, 410128, China;[周旋] Hunan Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Changsha, 410125, China;[谢桂先; 刘强; 田昌; 张玉平; 彭建伟; 荣湘民] College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China, Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, 410128, China
通讯机构:
[Zhang, Y.-P.] C;College of Resources and Environment, China
关键词:
双季稻;控释尿素;产量;渗漏淋失;氮肥利用效率
摘要:
大量施用氮肥引起的土壤氮素淋失是稻田氮素损失的一个重要途径.为探究自然降雨过程中典型双季稻田氮渗漏淋失特点,采用田间渗漏池法,通过大田小区试验,研究控释尿素减施对稻田土壤60 cm深处渗漏水中氮淋失和水稻产量的影响.结果表明:施肥初期出现氮渗漏淋失峰值,这是防控的关键时期;双季稻生长季控释尿素减氮20%(0.8CRU)和减氮30%(0.7CRU)处理全氮淋失量分别为42.3和37.7 kg·hm~(-2),均显著低于常规尿素(CU)处理(53.9 kg·hm~(-2)),且0.7CRU处理显著低于等氮量控释尿素(1.0CRU)处理(51.3 kg·hm~(-2));各施氮处理全氮渗漏淋失率为11.9%~13.5%,处理间差异不显著.0.8CRU和0.7CRU处理较CU处理明显提高了水稻产量和氮肥吸收利用率,显著增加了氮收获指数.总之,控释尿素减氮20%~30%能保证水稻产量和防控稻田氮渗漏淋失.
语种:
中文
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施用控释氮肥对早稻田面水氮素动态变化和水稻产量的影响
作者:
肖雪玉;朱文博;杨丹;闫颖;何娜;...
期刊:
生态环境学报 ,2018年27(12):2252-2257 ISSN:1674-5906
作者机构:
沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院, 辽宁, 沈阳, 110866;湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 湖南, 长沙, 410128;[肖雪玉; 朱文博; 杨丹; 闫颖; 何娜; 刘鸣达] 沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院, 辽宁, 沈阳, 110866;[谢桂先] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 湖南, 长沙, 410128
关键词:
控释氮肥;田面水;氮素形态;动态变化;早稻
摘要:
湖南是中国重要的水稻(Oryza sativa L.)产区,随着农业现代化的发展,施用更多化肥成为水稻增产的主要途径,这不仅造成资源浪费,更加重了农业面源污染风险。通过水稻田间小区试验,设置了不施氮肥(WN)、常规施用尿素(CF)、控释氮肥(N100)、90%氮量控释氮肥(N90)、80%氮量控释氮肥(N80)、70%氮量控释氮肥(N70)6个处理,对田面水中各形态氮素含量进行动态监测,研究施用控释氮肥对早稻田面水各形态氮素动态变化特征和水稻产量的影响,以期探寻兼顾经济效益与环境效益的控释氮肥最佳用量,实现稻作清洁生产。结果表明:早稻田面水各形态氮素浓度均随施氮量增加而增加,且以施用尿素处理浓度较高或最高,不施氮肥处理最低,控释氮肥各处理居中;各形态氮素浓度均在施用基肥或追肥后1~4 d内达到峰值,随后不断降低;综合考虑施用基肥和追肥后各形态氮素浓度变化规律可知,施肥后10 d内是防止田面水氮素流失的关键时期;控释氮肥各处理水稻产量与尿素处理无显著性差异,施用控释氮肥能达到减氮、稳产效果。本试验中,理论施用控释氮肥101.46 kg·hm~(-2)时是兼顾经济效益与环境效益的施肥方案。
语种:
中文
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控释尿素减施对双季稻田氨挥发损失和氮肥利用率的影响
作者:
田昌;周旋;谢桂先;刘强;荣湘民;...
期刊:
中国水稻科学 ,2018年32(4):387-397 ISSN:1001-7216
通讯作者:
Xie, G.
作者机构:
[谭力彰] College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China;Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, 410128, China;[周旋] Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410125, China;[田昌; 张玉平; 彭建伟; 刘强; 荣湘民; 谢桂先] College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China, Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, 410128, China
通讯机构:
[Xie, G.] C;College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, China
关键词:
双季稻;氨挥发;控释尿素;氮肥利用率;氮素损失
摘要:
【目的】研究连续控释尿素减施对双季稻籽粒产量、N肥利用率和NH_3挥发损失的影响,以期为水稻稳产条件下减少双季稻田氮素损失提供理论依据和技术方法。【方法】以中早39(早稻)和泰优390(晚稻)为材料,设置不同控释尿素N用量的等N量控释尿素(CRU_1)、控释尿素减N 10%(CRU_2)、控释尿素减N 20%(CRU_3)、控释尿素减N 30%(CRU_4)以及尿素(U)和不施肥对照(CK)的6个处理,采用密闭室间歇通气法监测双季稻田NH_3挥发特征,同时测定水稻产量和N含量。【结果】普通尿素(U)处理和控释尿素(CRU)处理施基肥和分蘖肥后早稻NH_3挥发发生在施肥后的8~9 d内,峰值分别于第1~2天和第2~4天出现;晚稻NH_3挥发发生在施肥后的6~7 d内,峰值分别于第2~3天和第3~4天出现。早、晚稻生长季U处理总计NH_3挥发损失量(率)最高,分别为47.2 kg/hm~2 (26.4%)和61.9 kg/hm~2(28.7%),产量分别为5.5 t/hm~2和6.2 t/hm~2,N肥利用率分别为23.0%和20.0%;早、晚稻生长季CRU处理总计NH_3挥发损失量(率)分别为22.8~32.3 kg/hm~2(14.6%~16.5%)和30.4~42.1 kg/hm~2(15.9%~17.6%),产量分别为5.8~6.3 t/hm~2和6.6~7.5 t/hm~2,N肥利用率分别为34.3%~40.5%和33.8%~39.2%;其中,CRU_2处理在早、晚稻生长季总计NH_3挥发损失量较U处理降低40.9%、38.3%,产量增加14.9%、20.9%, N肥利用率提高75.6%、96.0%。早、晚稻生长季及双季稻整个生长季CRU处理总计NH_3挥发损失量及籽粒产量与施N量呈显著线性关系。【结论】施用控释尿素显著减少双季稻田NH_3挥发损失,增加籽粒产量,提高N肥利用率,以减N 10%处理效果最明显。
语种:
中文
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控释氮肥和氮磷减量对水稻产量及田面水氮磷流失的影响
作者:
石敦杰;杨兰;荣湘民;谢勇;唐丽;...
期刊:
江苏农业科学 ,2018年46(11):44-47 ISSN:1002-1302
作者机构:
湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙,410128;湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128;土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室/农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室/植物营养湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室,湖南长沙410128;[谢桂先; 杨兰; 荣湘民; 张玉平; 田昌; 谢勇; 石敦杰; 唐丽; 宋海星] 湖南农业大学
关键词:
水稻;减量施肥;控释氮肥;氮磷流失;田面水
摘要:
为探明氮磷减量对降低水稻田氮磷流失风险的影响,在湖南省毛里湖地区,通过常规施肥(T_1)、控释氮肥减氮20%(T_2)、控释氮肥和过磷酸钙各减量20%(T_3)这3个处理,研究水稻产量、氮磷利用率和田面水氮磷养分浓度的变化。结果表明,与常规施肥处理相比,减氮20%或减氮减磷各20%对产量没有显著影响,而肥料偏生产力(PFP)显著提高,T_2和T_3处理氮肥偏生产力(NPFP)分别较T_1处理提高了35.37%和31.31%,磷肥偏生产力(PPFP)分别提高了8.29%和31.30%。在试验期间,施肥后,T_1处理田面水氮含量呈逐渐下降趋势,而T_2和T_3处理呈先增加后降低趋势;施用控释氮肥的处理(T_2和T_3)总氮含量远低于施用普通尿素的处理(T_1),在施肥后27 d,T_2和T_3处理的田面水总氮、铵态氮和硝态氮含量分别比T_1处理下降了89.11%和89.42%、89.89%和89.64%、61.69%和58.93%。所有处理在施基肥后1 d全磷含量达到最高值,随后缓慢下降,磷肥减量处理全磷含量低于磷肥常量处理。研究结果显示,控释氮肥减量和磷肥减量既可以保证高产稳产,又可以有效降低稻田氮磷素径流损失风险。
语种:
中文
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不同水生植物吸收地表水中氮磷能力差异及其机理
作者:
李旭霞;荣湘民;谢桂先;张玉平;严红星;...
期刊:
水土保持学报 ,2018年32(1):259-263 ISSN:1009-2242
作者机构:
[李旭霞; 荣湘民; 谢桂先; 张玉平; 严红星; 宋海星] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 南方粮油作物协同创新中心;[李旭霞; 荣湘民; 谢桂先; 张玉平; 严红星; 宋海星] 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室;[李旭霞; 荣湘民; 谢桂先; 张玉平; 严红星; 宋海星] 农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室;[李旭霞; 荣湘民; 谢桂先; 张玉平; 严红星; 宋海星] 植物营养湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室, 长沙, 410128
关键词:
水生植物;生态拦截;微生物量;根系生理特性
摘要:
为查明不同水生植物吸收地表水中氮磷能力的差异及其机理,采用模拟沟渠试验和盆栽试验,研究了8种水生植物地表水中氮磷吸收能力的差异,并选择氮磷吸收能力差异较大的水生植物品种,进一步探讨了根系生理特性及底泥微生物量变化。结果表明:种植水生植物后沟渠水中氮磷浓度明显减少,供试8种水生植物中以海寿花、狐尾藻、珍珠梅、茭白、再力花的生物量大,养分吸收量多,沟渠水中养分减少也相对明显;种植水生植物后相对于不种植物的沟渠水中养分残留减少比例分别为,总氮22.4%~44.0%、铵态氮24.5%~36.8%、硝态氮13.6%~51.6%、总磷15.6%~34.6%、水溶性磷26.3%~41.3%;氮磷吸收能力强的水生植物与其具有更强的根系活力、更多伤流量以及更高的伤流液养分浓度有关,但并不是某一种植物的以上指标均有优势,茭白的根系活力强、伤流量多,狐尾藻、海寿花、珍珠梅的伤流液中氮磷浓度较高;沟渠水中氮磷减少比例较大的水生植物底泥中微生物总数、硝化细菌和反硝化细菌数、微生物量碳氮磷较高,反之则较低。
语种:
中文
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Performance and mechanisms of thermally treated bentonite for enhanced phosphate removal from wastewater
作者:
Chen, Xiang;Wu, Lu;Liu, Feng* ;Luo, Pei;Zhuang, Xuliang;...
期刊:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research ,2018年25(16):15980-15989 ISSN:0944-1344
通讯作者:
Liu, Feng
作者机构:
[Wu, Lu; Luo, Pei; Wu, Jinshui; Zhu, Zhenke; Liu, Feng; Chen, Xiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Lu; Luo, Pei; Wu, Jinshui; Zhu, Zhenke; Liu, Feng; Chen, Xiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha Res Stn Agr & Environm Monitoring, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Lu; Chen, Xiang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.;[Zhuang, Xuliang; Xu, Shengjun] Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, Key Lab Environm Biotechnol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.;[Xie, Guixian] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Liu, Feng] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha Res Stn Agr & Environm Monitoring, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Thermal treatment;Bentonite;Adsorption;Phosphate;Wastewater
摘要:
Optimization of clays as adsorbent for low concentration phosphorus removal from wastewater has received increasing attention in recent years. This study explored the feasibility of using bentonite as an adsorbent for phosphate (P) removal from synthetic wastewater, by assessing the performance of thermally treated bentonite for P removal and elucidating the mechanisms of P adsorption. Natural bentonite (B25) was thermally treated at 100–1000 °C (B100–B1000) for 2 h. Physical and chemical properties were measured by the SEM, XRD, pore size distribution, EDX, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) methods. Thermal treatment increased P sorption capacity of bentonite and that B800 had a higher P sorption capacity (6.94 mg/g) than B25 (0.237 mg/g) and B400 (0.483 mg/g) using the Langmuir isotherm equation. Study of sorption kinetics indicated that B800 rapidly removed 94% of P from a 10 mg P/L solution and the pseudo-second-order equation fitted the data well. The Ca 2+ release capacity of B800 (1.31 mg/g) was significantly higher than that of B25 (0.29 mg/g) and B400 (0.40 mg/g) (p < 0.05). The initial pH level had a smaller impact on P removal efficiency for B800 than that of B25 and B400. Ca-P was the main fraction of P adsorbed onto B800, and Ca 10 -P was the main species (41.4%). The main factors affecting the phosphorous adsorption capacity of B800 were changed crystal structure, strong calcium release capacity, and improved stability in different pH solutions. The results demonstrated that thermally treated bentonite (B800) has the potential to be an efficient adsorbent for removal of low-concentration phosphorus from wastewater. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
语种:
英文
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有机无机肥配施对双季稻田土壤微生物和碳库的影响
作者:
姜利红;谢桂先;刘强;荣湘民;向秀媛;...
期刊:
湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版) ,2018年44(3):295-300 ISSN:1007-1032
作者机构:
[姜利红; 谢桂先; 刘强; 荣湘民; 向秀媛; 李波] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院;[姜利红; 谢桂先; 刘强; 荣湘民; 向秀媛; 李波] 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室;[姜利红; 谢桂先; 刘强; 荣湘民; 向秀媛; 李波] 农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室;[姜利红; 谢桂先; 刘强; 荣湘民; 向秀媛; 李波] 植物营养湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室
关键词:
双季稻田;有机无机肥配施;土壤酶;土壤微生物;土壤碳库
摘要:
通过4年定位试验,研究了不施肥(WF)、不施氮肥(WN)、单施化肥(CF)、猪粪替代20%氮肥(ZF)、猪粪堆肥替代20%氮肥(DF)、沼渣沼液替代20%氮肥(ZYF)6种施肥处理对双季稻田土壤的酶活性、可培养微生物数量、微生物量碳(SMBC)含量、微生物量氮(SMBN)含量、有机质含量和碳库管理指数的影响。结果表明:3种有机无机肥配施能显著提高双季稻田土壤中可培养细菌和放线菌数量,微生物量碳、微生物量氮、总有机质和活性有机质含量以及碳库活度指数、碳库管理指数,但处理间存在差异,以DF效果最好;连续耕作4年后,DF处理的土壤中可培养细菌、真菌和放线菌数量以及SMBC、SMBN含量分别比CF的提高了67.94%、50.30%、 55.51%、17.96%和50.17%;DF的土壤磷酸酶、脲酶、转化酶和纤维素酶活性分别比CF的提高了18.19%、7.85%、 73.47%和105.00%;总有机质、活性有机质含量及碳库管理指数分别比CF的提高了15.17%、58.40%、71.98%。综合分析,猪粪堆肥与化肥配施显著提高了稻田土壤中磷酸酶、脲酶、转化酶和纤维素酶活性和可培养细菌、真菌和放线菌数量,SMBC和SMBN的含量以及碳库管理指数,长期有机无机肥配施(尤其是猪粪堆肥与化肥配施)是扩大土壤碳库、提高土壤质量的有效途径。
语种:
中文
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长期有机无机肥配施对双季稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响
作者:
谭力彰;黎炜彬;黄思怡;袁浩凌;杨兰;...
期刊:
湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版) ,2018年44(2):188-192 ISSN:1007-1032
作者机构:
湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 湖南, 长沙, 410128;土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室;[谭力彰; 黎炜彬; 杨兰; 刘强; 谢桂先] 农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室;[谭力彰; 黎炜彬; 杨兰; 刘强; 谢桂先] 植物营养湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室, 湖南, 长沙, 410128;[谭力彰; 黎炜彬; 杨兰; 刘强; 谢桂先] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 湖南, 长沙, 410128 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室
关键词:
双季稻;有机肥;无机肥;产量;氮肥利用率
摘要:
采用田间小区试验,在长期定位试验基地进行不施氮肥(CK)、单施化肥(T1)、猪粪替代20%氮肥(T2)、沼渣沼液替代20%氮肥(T3)、猪粪堆肥替代20%氮肥(T4)、早稻绿肥或晚稻稻草替代20%氮肥(T5) 6种不同施肥方式试验,研究不同施肥方式对双季稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:长期有机无机肥配施能显著提高水稻穗粒数和有效穗数,增产效果明显,其中以T4增产效果最好,早、晚稻产量分别比单施化肥增产9.05%和13.56%;长期有机无机肥配施能促进营养器官中的氮素营养向籽粒转运和再利用,减少氮素营养在营养器官中的累积,从而提高氮肥利用率,其中以T4早、晚稻的氮肥农学利用率(16.59、16.23 kg/kg)、氮肥吸收利用率(38.96%、37.71%)、氮肥偏生产力(55.44、51.16 kg/kg)以及晚稻氮肥生理利用率(43.02 kg/kg)最高。长期有机无机肥配施能显著提高双季稻产量和氮肥利用率,在4种有机无机肥配施模式中,T4的效果最好。
语种:
中文
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控释尿素减施对双季稻田土壤剖面养分分布特征的影响
作者:
田昌;周旋;谢桂先;刘强;荣湘民;...
期刊:
水土保持学报 ,2018年32(4):216-221 ISSN:1009-2242
作者机构:
湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙, 410128;南方粮油作物协同创新中心, 南方粮油作物协同创新中心, 长沙, 410128;湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙, 410125;[田昌; 谢桂先; 刘强; 荣湘民; 张玉平; 彭建伟] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙, 410128 南方粮油作物协同创新中心, 南方粮油作物协同创新中心, 长沙, 410128;[周旋] 湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙, 410125
关键词:
双季稻田;控释尿素;减量施肥;土壤养分;剖面分布
摘要:
为探讨双季稻田控释尿素施用对养分在土壤剖面的垂直分布与迁移的影响,通过长期田间定位试验,研究比较普通尿素(U)和控释尿素(CRU)减施稻田剖面的养分累积和分布。结果表明:随着土层深度的增加,土壤全氮、NO_3~-—N、有机质、全磷、速效磷和全钾含量呈下降趋势,NH_4~+—N含量先下降后升高,速效钾含量呈上升趋势,土壤pH升高且趋于稳定。施肥会降低0—20 cm土层pH和速效钾含量。与U处理相比,0—20 cm土层CRU处理全氮含量提高7.72%~19.45%,且随着施N量的增加呈上升趋势; 40—60 cm土层CRU处理NH_4~+—N含量降低6.99%~19.23%。施用CRU可以有效降低土层NH_4~+—N向下淋溶,提高0—40 cm土层全氮和NO_3~-—N含量,避免土壤N素流失。施用CRU对不同深度土层有机质、速效磷、全磷、速效钾、全钾和pH的影响不显著,但减量过大会导致有机质降低。CRU减量10%~ 20%处理显著提高双季稻成熟期N、P、K的吸收量。相关分析表明,不同用量控释尿素处理早、晚稻成熟期N、P、K吸收量与籽粒产量均呈显著正相关。总之,CRU处理有效地控制N素向下淋溶,减少因N肥施用带来的潜在面源污染,而CRU减施可更好地维持和提高土壤的养分水平和肥力,促进养分累积,实现生态与经济效益的双赢。
语种:
中文
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A carbonised sieve-like corn straw cellulose-graphene oxide composite for organophosphorus pesticide removal
作者:
Suo, Fengyue;Xie, Guixian;Zhang, Jie;Li, Jingyu;Li, Changsheng;...
期刊:
RSC Advances ,2018年8(14):7735-7743 ISSN:2046-2069
通讯作者:
Ji, MingShan
作者机构:
[Suo, Fengyue; Ji, MingShan] Shenyang Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, Peoples R China.;[Xie, Guixian] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Yunpeng; Li, Changsheng; Liu, Xue; Ma, Yongqiang; Li, Jingyu; Zhang, Jie] China Agr Univ, Coll Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Ji, MingShan] S;Shenyang Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, Peoples R China.
摘要:
The development of efficient adsorbents for the removal of organophosphorus pesticides from water is a major challenge. In this work, we prepared an activated carbon derived from sieve-like cellulose/graphene oxide composites (ACCE/G) for the removal of several organophosphorus pesticides. We employed corn straw to produce a sieve-like cellulose-graphene oxide composite (CCE/G); then, by treating CCE/G with potassium hydroxide at high temperatures, the efficient adsorbent ACCE/G was prepared. The adsorption capacity of ACCE/G is higher than those of other sorbents, including a multi-wall carbon nanotube, graphitised carbon black, activated carbon, C18, and primary secondary amine adsorbent. The ACCE/G structure has been fully characterised via scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. The maximum adsorption capacity of ACCE/G is 152.5 mg g -1 for chlorpyrifos. The mechanism, the thermodynamic properties, and the kinetics of the adsorption process have been investigated as well. Our findings demonstrate that the adsorption mechanism depends on the electron-donating abilities of the S and P atoms. Moreover, the Langmuir model gives the best fit for the isotherm data, and the adsorption efficiency of the ACCE/G is still over 80% after eight times of recycling, making ACCE/G a valuable candidate for the removal of OPPs. © 2018 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
语种:
英文
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不同施肥对双季稻田径流氮磷流失特征的影响
作者:
姜利红;谭力彰;田昌;刘强;张玉平;...
期刊:
水土保持学报 ,2017年31(6):33-38,45 ISSN:1009-2242
作者机构:
[姜利红; 谭力彰; 田昌; 刘强; 张玉平; 杨兰; 谢桂先] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室;[姜利红; 谭力彰; 田昌; 刘强; 张玉平; 杨兰; 谢桂先] 农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室;[姜利红; 谭力彰; 田昌; 刘强; 张玉平; 杨兰; 谢桂先] 植物营养湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室, 长沙, 410128
关键词:
不同施肥;双季稻;有机无机肥配施;氮磷含量;累积流失负荷
摘要:
通过定位试验,研究了不施氮肥(WN)、单施化肥(HF)、猪粪替代20%氮肥(ZF)、沼渣沼液替代20%氮肥(ZYF)、堆肥替代20%氮肥(DF)、早稻绿肥、晚稻稻草代替20%氮肥(LDF)6种不同施肥处理下双季稻径流氮磷含量和累积流失负荷的影响。结果表明,水稻基肥和追肥后,径流水中全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、全磷和水溶性磷含量逐渐下降。HF处理双季稻季径流水中全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮平均含量最高,分别为5.91,3.65,0.82 mg/L。相比HF处理,有机物料替代20%氮肥处理能够降低径流水中全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮的平均含量,其中以DF处理下降幅度最大,分别下降1.18,0.71,0.14 mg/L;除DF处理外,有机物料替代20%氮肥能够增加径流水中全磷和水溶性磷的平均含量。相比HF处理,有机物料替代20%氮肥能够减少氮素径流流失负荷,以DF处理总氮、铵态氮和硝态氮累积流失负荷最小,分别为10.25,6.17,1.71 kg/hm~2;DF处理磷素流失负荷与单施化肥处理持平。综上,DF处理能够降低径流水中氮磷流失负荷,对于保护环境和控制面源污染具有重要意义。
语种:
中文
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