关键词：
Agricultural green production technology adoption;Market incentives;Perceived benefits;Perceived risks;Perceived value;Policy subsidies
摘要：
Understanding the underlying reasons for farmers' AGPT adoption in the context of resource environment tightening and agricultural carbon reduction has become crucial to promote agriculture sustainable development. This paper uses multiple ordered regression model and probit model to test the impact of farmers' perceived value on their adoption of agricultural green production technologies (AGPT) by using the first-hand data from 613 rice farmers in Hunan, and explores the effect and mechanism of policy subsidies and market incentives on the adoption of AGPT, and investigates the differences in the impact of perceived value on the adoption of green technologies in different production stages. The results showed that, (1)farmers' AGPT adoption is significantly affected by their perceived value, in which perceived benefits significantly promotes farmers' AGPT adoption, while the perceived risks is the opposite. But farmers' AGPT adoption in different production stages is influenced by different perceived value. The adoption of soil testing and fertilization technology (STFT) in the pre-production stage is significantly influenced by the perceived benefits; adoption of green pest control technology (GPCT) in the mid-production stage is significantly influenced by both the perceived benefits and the perceived risks; and adoption of straw return technology (SRT) in the post-production stage is significantly influenced by the perceived risks. (2) Farmers' adoption of green technologies can be encouraged by policy subsidies, which also have the moderating effect of decreasing the negative influence of perceived risks on farmers' adoption behaviour. (3) Further analysis reveals that market incentives can compensate for the limitations of policy subsidies, greatly promote farmers' adoption of AGPT, and regulate farmers' perceived risks and perceived benefits to encourage them to use green technologies. Consequently, the Government should actively publicize and organize training on agriculture green technologies, and provide diversified subsidy programmes for different green technologies. And governments should also improve the quality certification system and the market price mechanism for agricultural products, so as to help farmers adopting green technologies to achieve an increase in their income.
关键词：
Slow and controlled -release fertilisers;Screw fertiliser distributor;Granular fertiliser model;Fragmentation;Hertz-mindlin with bonding
摘要：
The investigation of the fragmentation law of granular fertilisers in side-deep fertilisation devices is crucial for optimizing machinery. In this paper, Hertz-Mindlin with Bonding was used to establish a granular fertiliser model with breakage properties. The single-factor and central composite tests were carried out with the screw pitch, screw speed, and Y-shaped mouth angle selected as the test factors, and the broken bond rate as the evaluation index to indicate the fragmentation rate of the granular fertilisers. The result indicated a positive correlation between broken bond rate and screw speed in the range of 100-300 rpm, as well as a negative correlation between broken bond rate and screw pitch in the range of 18-38 mm and the Y-shaped mouth angle in the range of 25-45(degrees). Moreover, during the reduction in screw pitch from 33 to 23 mm, the increment of broken bond rate caused by screw pitch was increased due to the higher screw speed and decreased due to the larger Yshaped mouth angle. The key factors, in order of importance, are the screw pitch, screw speed, and Y-shaped mouth angle. In addition, the verification test was carried out in the range of 100-300 rpm and the test results showed a similar response trend to the simulation results, indicating that the fragmentation law obtained by the simulation is reliable. These research findings can provide a reference for the optimization of the side-deep fertilisation devices.
摘要：
It is well known that preslaughter (antemortem) stress such as rough handling, transportation, a negative environment, physical discomfort, lack of consistent routine, and bad feed quality has a big impact on meat quality. The antemortem-induced poor meat quality is characterized by low pH, a pale and exudative appearance, and a soft texture. Previous studies indicate that antemortem stress plays a key role in regulating protein acetylation and glycolysis in postmortem (PM) muscle. However, the underlying molecular and biochemical mechanism is not clearly understood yet. In this study, we investigated the relationship between antemortem and protein acetylation and glycolysis using murine longissimus dorsi muscle isolated from ICR mice and murine muscle cell line C2C12 treated with epinephrine hydrochloride. Because adrenaline secretion increases in stressed animals, epinephrine hydrochloride was intraperitoneally injected epinephrine into mice to simulate pre-slaughter stress in this study to facilitate experimental operations and save experimental costs. Our findings demonstrated that protein acetylation in pyruvate kinase M1 (PKM1) form is significantly reduced by antemortem, and the reduced acetylation subsequently leads to an increase in PKM1 enzymatic activity which causes increased glycolysis in PM muscle. By using molecular approaches, we identified lysine 141 in PKM1 as a critical residue for acetylation. Our results in this study provide useful insight for controlling or improving meat quality in the future.
摘要：
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is an important economic crop that is widely grown around the world. Its annual production in China is estimated at 2.2 million tons (Berbeć and Matyka 2020). Since 2022, a root rot disease was sporadically observed on tobacco seedlings on cultivar Yunyan 87 in cultivated tobacco fields in the Hunan province of China. A disease incidence of about 10% occurred across 48 ha of tobacco fields. The affected tobacco plants had slow and stunted growth with yellowing leaves. The roots turned grayish brown, decayed, and died. Diseased roots were collected from six fields and cut into small pieces (5 mm ×5 mm) from the edge of the rotted portions, and then sterilized with 70% ethanol for 10 s, 0.1% HgCl2 for 1 min, and washed in sterilized water three times. All the sterilized tissue were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and cultured at 26 ℃ in the dark. About 3 days later, colonies with similar morphology were removed and sub-cultured on fresh PDA. A total of six strains were obtained from six tobacco samples. Strains were white and had radial growth on PDA. Hyphae were aseptate and the sporangia were filamentous. The oogonia were subglobose, smooth, 16.04 ± 0.25 µm (n=50) in diameter, and developed on unbranched stalks. The antheridia were barrel shaped and clavate. Oospores were globose, aplerotic or nearly plerotic, measuring 6.62 ± 0.33 µm (n=50). These morphological characteristics were consistent with the description of Pythium spp. (van der Plaats-Niterink 1981). For molecular identification, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (Cox I) of a representative isolate, GF-3, were amplified and sequenced (GenBank accession nos. OR228424 for ITS and OR237556 for Cox I) using universal primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990) and FM58/FM66, respectively (Villa et al. 2006). BLASTn analysis revealed that the ITS and Cox I sequences were 99.76 % (838/840 bp) and 99.85% (671/672 bp) identical to the corresponding sequences of P. dissotocum strain CBS 166.68 (AY598634.2) and UM982 (MT981147.1), respectively. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on the Cox I sequence showed that GF-3 grouped in the P. dissotocum branch. Based on morphological and molecular characteristics, GF-3 was identified to be P. dissotocum. For pathogenicity testing, four- to five-leaf-old healthy potted tobacco seedlings of the Yunyan 87 cultivar were inoculated with a zoospore suspension (1 × 105 zoospores/ml), which was induced on V8-juice medium. The zoospore suspension was introduced into the soil around plant roots and 10 mL of inoculum was used for each plant. In the control group, plants were inoculated with sterilized water. All of the treated plants were kept in humid chambers at 26°C under a 12 h/12 h photoperiod. The pathogenicity assays were performed twice, with each treatment having three replicated plants. After 5 days, tobacco seedlings inoculated with P. dissotocum showed symptoms resembling that observed in the field. However, the control plants remained healthy. Pythium dissotocum was re-isolated from the infected plants and identified by morphological and molecular methods, thus confirming Koch's postulates. Pythium dissotocum has been reported causing root rot in other plants, including hydroponic lettuce (McGehee et al. 2018) and spinach (Huo et al. 2020). Also, many Pythium species have recently been recovered from float-bed tobacco transplant production greenhouses (Zhang et al. 2022). However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of root rot on tobacco caused by P. dissotocum in China. Since this disease could greatly affect tobacco seedling establishment in the field, appropriate management strategies need to be developed to reduce further losses in tobacco planting fields.
摘要：
The study aimed to explore the role of glucagon in regulating glucose metabolism and gain insight into the reasons for glucose intolerance in carnivorous fish. Firstly, Japanese flounder was injected intraperitoneally with glucagon and small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted glucagon receptor a (GCGRa), cAMP-response element binding protein 1 (CREB1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha). Secondly, a two-week feeding trial was conducted with Japanese flounder fed diets with 11.95% and 31.96% dietary carbohydrates, respectively. At the start and 7th day of the feeding trial, flounders fed each diet were intraperitoneally injected with saline or siGCGRa. Furthermore, the fish were separated into two groups and fasted for 72 h. Saline and siGCGRa were injected respectively at 6 h after feeding. The results showed that glucagon activated gluconeogenesis in the liver, leading to an elevation of plasma glucose levels, while interference of GCGRa, CREB1, and PGC-1 alpha caused the opposite results. Elevated dietary carbohydrate intake increased plasma glucose and insulin levels. Meanwhile, the glucagon signaling pathway was activated. After interference with the GCGRa, plasma glucose decreased, and the glucagon pathway was inhibited. The plasma insulin increased, and the mRNA expression of protein kinase B 8 (akt2) was up-regulated accordingly. In addition, upon injecting siGCGRa, it was observed that gluconeogenesis in the liver and plasma glucose levels during fasting were reduced in comparison to the control group. In contrast, plasma insulin levels and the transcription levels of akt2 and glucokinase (gck) in the liver exhibited an increase. In summary, the uninhibited glucagon signaling pathway promoted gluconeogenesis and suppressed the action of insulin in Japanese flounder, which might be the reason for the glucose intolerance.
通讯机构：
[Li, YZ ; Qiu, L] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Hunan Prov Key Lab Biol & Control Plant Dis & Inse, Changsha, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Natl Res Ctr Engn & Technol Utilizat Bot Funct Ing, Changsha, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Sogatella furcifera;reproduction;pest management;nanocarrier-mediated RNAi;follicular cell protein gene
摘要：
The white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (WBPH), is an important pest of rice. Its high fertility makes the control of this pest particularly challenging. RNA interference (RNAi) is an important pest management method for reducing pest fertility. However, the specific targets regulating WBPH fertility are still being discovered. Eggshell formation, the final stage of oogenesis, plays a critical role in insect reproduction. Thus, this study aims to identify key molecular targets involved in regulating eggshell formation in WBPH. In this study, we identified five subunits of the Tip60 complex that regulate eggshell formation in WBPH. Silencing the subunits resulted in thinner eggshells, increased eggshell permeability, and abnormalities in egg morphology. In addition, silencing any of these subunits inhibited the expression of the follicular cell protein gene Fcp3C, ultimately impairing eggshell formation. This suggests that the Tip60 complex may promote eggshell formation by activating the expression of Fcp3C. Notably, silencing TiP60 or Fcp3C using nanocarrier-mediated RNAi resulted in a 99% reduction in WBPH fertility and a significant decrease in WBPH-induced rice seedling damage. Our research provides the first evidence of the regulatory role of the chromatin remodeling factor Tip60 complex in insect eggshell formation, enhancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in WBPH eggshell formation. Furthermore, it offers promising molecular targets for the development of RNAi-mediated control methods for this pest.
摘要：
In traditional Chinese medicine, Angelica dahurica is a valuable herb with numerous therapeutic applications for a range of ailments. There have not yet been any articles on the methodical assessment and choice of the best reference genes for A. dahurica gene expression studies. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is widely employed as the predominant method for investigating gene expression. In order to ensure the precise determination of target gene expression outcomes in RT-qPCR analysis, it is imperative to employ stable reference genes. In this study, a total of 11 candidate reference genes including SAND family protein (SAND), polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTBP), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin (ACT), TIP41-like protein (TIP41), cyclophilin 2 (CYP2), elongation factor 1 α (EF1α), ubiquitin-protein ligase 9 (UBC9), tubulin β-6 (TUB6), thioredoxin-like protein YLS8 (YLS8), and tubulin-α (TUBA) were selected from the transcriptome of A. dahurica. Subsequently, three statistical algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper) were employed to assess the stability of their expression patterns across seven distinct stimulus treatments. The outcomes obtained from these analyses were subsequently amalgamated into a comprehensive ranking using RefFinder. Additionally, one target gene, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), was used to confirm the effectiveness of the selected reference genes. According to the findings of this study, the two most stable reference genes for normalizing the expression of genes in A. dahurica are TIP41 and UBC9. Overall, our research has determined the appropriate reference genes for RT-qPCR in A. dahurica and provides a crucial foundation for gene screening and identifying genes associated with the biosynthesis of active ingredients in A. dahurica.
摘要：
Dietary methionine restriction (MetR) offers an integrated set of beneficial health effects, including delaying aging, extending health span, preventing fat accumulation, and reducing oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate whether MetR exerts entero-protective effects by modulating intestinal flora, and the effect of MetR on plasma metabolites in rats. Rats were fed diets containing 0.86% methionine (CON group) and 0.17% methionine (MetR group) for 6 weeks. Several indicators of inflammation, gut microbiota, plasma metabolites, and intestinal barrier function were measured. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the cecal microbiota. The MetR diet reduced the plasma and colonic inflammatory factor levels. The MetR diet significantly improved intestinal barrier function by increasing the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins, such as zonula occludens (ZO)-1, claudin-3, and claudin-5. In addition, MetR significantly increased the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by increasing the abundance of SCFAs-producing Erysipclotxichaceae and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and decreasing the abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria Proteobacteria and Escherichia-Shigella. Furthermore, MetR reduced the plasma levels of taurochenodeoxycholate-7-sulfate, taurocholic acid, and tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid. Correlation analysis identified that colonic acetate, total colonic SCFAs, 8-acetylegelolide, collettiside I, 6-methyladenine, and cholic acid glucuronide showed a significant positive correlation with Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 abundance but a significant negative correlation with Escherichia-Shigella and Enterococcus abundance. MetR improved gut health and altered the plasma metabolic profile by regulating the gut microbiota in rats.
摘要：
In the autonomous navigation of mobile robots, precise positioning is crucial. In forest environments with weak satellite signals or in sites disturbed by complex environments, satellite positioning accuracy has difficulty in meeting the requirements of autonomous navigation positioning accuracy for robots. This article proposes a vision SLAM/UWB tightly coupled localization method and designs a UWB non-line-of-sight error identification method using the displacement increment of the visual odometer. It utilizes the displacement increment of visual output and UWB ranging information as measurement values and applies the extended Kalman filtering algorithm for data fusion. This study utilized the constructed experimental platform to collect images and ultra-wideband ranging data in outdoor environments and experimentally validated the combined positioning method. The experimental results show that the algorithm outperforms individual UWB or loosely coupled combination positioning methods in terms of positioning accuracy. It effectively eliminates non-line-of-sight errors in UWB, improving the accuracy and stability of the combined positioning system.
摘要：
This study addresses the challenge of visual localization using monocular images, a crucial technology for autonomous systems that facilitates their navigation and interaction capabilities. With the advent of deep learning, visual localization techniques that utilize these methods have demonstrated improved robustness across diverse environments. Existing end-to-end models apply convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to extract salient features and directly estimate continuous spatial poses from map models that allow for implicit differentiation. Nonetheless, these models often falter in adapting their feature representations to extreme variations in environmental conditions, leading to critical localization inaccuracies during episodes of altered lighting, varying weather, or in the presence of moving objects. To overcome these limitations, we introduce the end-to-end feature refinement network for visual localization (EFRNet-VL). This network architecture is specifically designed to prioritize the extraction of static features crucial for the six degrees of freedom (6DoF) pose estimation, thereby outperforming prior methodologies. EFRNet-VL meticulously integrates a convolutional network structure with self-attention mechanisms and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) modules, which together facilitate the accurate association of a single image with its corresponding camera pose, even within dynamic environments. The proposed feature refinement approach is straightforward to implement and can enhance the performance of existing neural pose estimators. Our comprehensive evaluations of EFRNet-VL underscore its effectiveness. Notably, it has diminished the average position and orientation errors by 54.5% and 25.7%, respectively, as compared to the popular PoseNet model across various indoor settings. Moreover, in large-scale outdoor environments, it has achieved an average localization precision of 7.02m/2.79 degrees. EFRNet-VL has set a new benchmark for end-to-end learning-based methods in visual localization and operates efficiently in real time, processing at a speed of 9.8 ms per image frame.
摘要：
In recent years, traditional rice monoculture (RM) has led to agricultural intensification, resulting in loss of soil nutrients and the low fertility. Rice-crayfish (RC) integrated farming, as a sustainable agricultural system, could significantly enhance accumulation of soil C (carbon), N (nitrogen) and P (phosphorus) while improve soil fertility. However, it is still unknown how the characteristics of soil CNP stoichiometry and storage are influ-enced by long-term RC farming. This study examined the patterns of soil CNP storage and stoichiometry at 0-30 cm soil layers in RM and RC systems (1, 6, 10, and 15 years) scattered in Nanxian County, Hunan Province, China. Compared to RM system, soil C, N, and P storage increased by 4.1-10.9, 0.1-0.9, and 0.03-0.4 Mg ha-1 in 6, 10, and 15-year rice-crayfish (RC6, RC10 and RC15) systems, respectively. Meanwhile, compared to RM system, soil C:N, C:P and N:P ratio increased significantly in RC6, RC10 and RC15 systems. Besides, the principal component, redundancy analysis and structural equation model revealed that soil BD, pH, aggregates and nutrient altered by agricultural practices (no-tillage, feed and flooding) of RC system significantly affected CNP stoichiometry and storage of paddy soil. Although the accumulation of soil nutrient were showed in long-term rice-crayfish farming system, it is also necessary to pay attention to the negative impact of nutrient surplus on the environment. Based on these results, it is necessary to regulate input of fertilizer and improve efficient utilization of feed for guaranteeing soil nutrient balance and retention, so as to ensure sustainable development of rice crayfish farming system.
关键词：
Sodium ion batteries;Iron-based sulfates;Broken and hollow cuboid structure;High-performance cathode
摘要：
Iron-based sulfate (Na2Fe(SO4)(2)) is receiving increasing attention because of its heat resistance, moisture resistance as well as low cost. Herein, Na2Fe(SO4)(2) (NFS/bc + s), which is modified by sucrose and carbon black, was synthesized by the method of environment-friendly and economic liquid phase without waste water and with similar to 100 % utilization of raw materials. NFS/bc + s has a special structure with broken, open, porous, hollow cuboid, which provide an excellent specific capacity of 90.64 mAh/g at 0.1C, additionally, NFS/bc + s also shows good stability in charge-discharge cycles (its discharge capacity remain 71 % of initial capacity after 100 cycles at 1C between the high voltage range from 2.75 to 4.5 V). The excellent electrochemical performance is due to the large number of electrochemical active sites provided by the broken hollow structure. Therefore, the prepared electrode material has a potential practical application prospect in the sodium ion battery system.
作者机构：
[Wu, Xiongwei; Ling, Wei; Zeng, Xian-Xiang] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Y; Mo, Funian; Huang, Yan; Ling, Wei] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sauvage Lab Smart Mat, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;[Luo, Guangfu; Lu, Zhouguang; Nie, Chenxi] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Y; Huang, Yan; Ling, Wei] Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Adv Welding & Joining, Shenzhen Key Lab Flexible Printed Elect Technol, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;[Ma, Qiang] Henan Univ Engn, Coll Mat Engn, Henan Int Joint Lab Rare Earth Composite Mat, Zhengzhou 451191, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Luo, GF ] S;[Huang, Y ] H;Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sauvage Lab Smart Mat, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Adv Welding & Joining, Shenzhen Key Lab Flexible Printed Elect Technol, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.
关键词：
high energy density;high zinc utilization;ion−sieve interface;mild aqueous zinc ion batteries;zinc anode
摘要：
The cycling stability of a thin zinc anode under high zinc utilization has a critical impact on the overall energy density and practical lifetime of zinc ion batteries. In this study, an ion sieve protection layer (ZnSnF@Zn) was constructed in situ on the surface of a zinc anode by chemical replacement. The ion sieve facilitated the transport and desolvation of zinc ions at the anode/electrolyte interface, reduced the zinc deposition overpotential, and inhibited side reactions. Under a 50% zinc utilization, the symmetrical battery with this protection layer maintained stable cycling for 250 h at 30 mA cm(-2). Matched with high-load self-supported vanadium-based cathodes (18-20 mg cm(-2)), the coin battery with 50% zinc utilization possessed an energy density retention of 94.3% after 1000 cycles at 20 mA cm(-2). Furthermore, the assembled pouch battery delivered a whole energy density of 61.3 Wh kg(-1), surpassing the highest mass energy density among reported mild zinc batteries, and retained 76.7% of the energy density and 85.3% (0.53 Ah) of the capacity after 300 cycles.
通讯机构：
[Wang, XQ; Hu, YZ ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Fisheries, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Aeromonas hydrophila;Expression analysis;Gene identification;Pelodiscus sinensis;TRIM gene family
摘要：
BACKGROUND: TRIM proteins, recognized as a class of E3 ubiquitin ligases, are increasingly acknowledged for their antipathogen immune functions in mammals and fish. In the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis), a secondary aquatic reptile that occupies a unique evolutionary position, the TRIM gene has rarely been reported. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the present study, 48 PsTRIM proteins were identified from the genome of Pelodiscus sinensis via Hidden Markov Model (HMM) searches and Signal Transduction ATPases with Numerous Domains (SMART) analysis. These PsTRIMs were found across 43 distinct scaffolds, and phylogenetic analyses classified them into three principal clades. The PsTRIMs feature a conserved assembly of either RING-B-box-coiled-coil (RBCC) or B-box-coiled-coil (BBC) domains at the N-terminus, in addition to eight unique domains at the C-terminus, including the B30.2 domain, 19 of which were identified. Expression profiling revealed ubiquitous expression of the 48 PsTRIMs across various P. sinensis tissues. Notably, seven PsTRIMs exhibited significant differential expression in liver transcriptomes following infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis implicated PsTRIM14 and PsTRIM28 as key players in host defense against bacterial invasion. Real-time quantitative PCR results indicated that PsTRIM1, PsTRIM2, PsTRIM14, and PsTRIM28 experienced marked upregulation in P. sinensis livers at 12h post-infection with A. hydrophila. CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first to comprehensively identify and analyze the functions of TRIM genes in P. sinensis, unveiling their considerable diversity and potential roles in modulating immune responses.
关键词：
Water level;Spatiotemporal correlation;ChebNet;AE;XGBoost
摘要：
As an essential hydrological variable, the river water level is vital in research fields such as agriculture. This study proposes a new multi-step river water level prediction method based on spatiotemporal correlations ST-ESMC-AE-XGBoost. First, the temporal correlation prediction models are established by conducting Pearson correlation analysis for different hydrological monitoring points: T-Models; secondly, ChebNet, a graph neural networks (GNN) based on the spatial topology of each hydrological monitoring point, is established from the perspective of spatial correlation; finally, AE-XGBoost is used to reconstruct spatiotemporal features and perform integrated prediction. This study uses the research object of the nine hydrological monitoring stations in the Yangtze River Basin. The experiments show that: (1) classic methods such as extreme learning machines (ELM) still have stable application value in hydrological prediction; (2) T-Models can further improve the performance of single models such as support vector machine (SVM), ELM, and multi-layer perceptrons (MLP) in multi-step water level prediction; (3) using the ChebNet can learn beneficial information from the geospatial structure of hydrological monitoring points, further improve the prediction effect of the spatiotemporal association integration model; (4) the multi-step water level prediction method ST-ESMC-AE-XGBoost proposed in this study has the highest prediction accuracy and the best generalization performance among all compared models.
关键词：
Straw application;Greenhouse gas emission;Functional genes;Carbon footprint;Net ecological economic benefits
摘要：
With the increasing application of crop straw, the greenhouse gas emissions caused due to crop straw have received increasing attention. However, the current studies have not explored the greenhouse gas emissions from on-farmland consumption of returned straw. Based on a long-term positioning experiment, three treatments were set up in double-cropping rice fields: chemical fertilizer (CF), straw replacing 1/3 nitrogen fertilizer (MS), and straw replacing 2/3 nitrogen fertilizer (HS). We measured the biomass, soil properties, and greenhouse gas emissions of double-cropping rice and then comprehensively evaluated the global warming potential, carbon footprint, and net ecological and economic benefits. The straw treatments (MS and HS) increased the cumulative annual emissions of CH4 (98.44% and 261.23%), CO2 (30.85% and 122.29%), and N2O (7.37% and 52.50%), the cumulative annual global warming potential (74.15% and 206.12%), average GHG intensity (43.26% and 138.07%), and the annual cumulative net ecosystem carbon budget (52.96% and 100.97%) in the early and late rice growing seasons, respectively. We observed that the real-time greenhouse gas emissions were significantly correlated to the soil microbial functional genes and total carbon, NH4+-N, and NO3--N. The results of the random forest model showed that total carbon (13.87%) and nirK abundance (9.80%) were the highest predictors of global warming potential at the booting and maturity stages, respectively during rice growing season. Combining the resource inputs for agricultural production and the greenhouse gas emission potential of the returned straw on its own, MS showed the lowest net greenhouse gas emission, and MS and HS showed significantly increased annual cumulative net ecological economic benefits (38.08% and 34.30%). Overall, MS showed the lowest net greenhouse gas emission and the highest net ecological economic benefits, which is a straw-returning measure with low environmental impact and high economic returns.
摘要：
We introduce a localized version of a Galambos's question about the growth speed of the digits in Engel expansion, namely the set{ 1 } x & ISIN; (0, 1] : lim nlog dn(x) = & alpha;(x) , n & RARR;& INFIN;where & alpha; : [0, 1] & RARR; [0, & INFIN;] is a nonnegative continuous function and dn(x) denotes the nth digits in the Engel expansion of x. The Hausdorff dimension is shown to be irrelevant of the function & alpha;(x). As applications, this answers Galambos's question and strengthens some results by Liu & Wu.& COPY; 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by fat accumulation and inflammation. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been proven to be effective against NAFLD, but its hepatoprotective mechanisms based on the "gut microbiota-barrier-liver axis" are still not fully understood. Herein, the results demonstrated that EGCG effectively ameliorated NAFLD phenotypes and metabolic disorders in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and inhibited intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammation, which is also supported in the experiment of Caco-2 cells. Moreover, EGCG could restore gut microbiota diversity and composition, particularly promoting beneficial microbes, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producers, such as Lactobacillus, and suppressing Gram-negative bacteria, such as Desulfovibrio. The microbial modulation raised SCFA levels, decreased lipopolysaccharide levels, inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, and strengthened intestinal barrier function via Nrf2 pathway activation, thereby alleviating liver steatosis and inflammation. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that 24 key OTUs, negatively or positively associated with NAFLD and metabolic disorders, were also reshaped by EGCG. Our results suggested that a combinative improvement of EGCG on gut microbiota dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and inflammation might be a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.
关键词：
stevia residue;gut morphology and microbiota;immune responses;laying hens;fatty acid
摘要：
This study aimed to investigate the effect of stevia residue (STER) on the production performance, egg quality and nutrition, antioxidant ability, immune responses, gut morphology and microbiota of laying hens during the peak laying period. A total of 270 Yikoujingfen NO. 8 laying hens (35 wk of age) were randomly divided into 5 treatments. The control group fed a basal diet and groups supplemented with 2, 4, 6, and 8% STER. The results showed that STER significantly increased egg production, the content of amino acids (alanine, proline, valine, ornithine, asparagine, aspartic acid, and cysteine) in egg whites, and decreased the yolk color (P < 0.05). Additionally, STER significantly increased acetate, HOMOγ linolenic acid and cis-13, 16-docosadienoic acid levels in egg yolk (P < 0.05). IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 levels in serum significantly increased by STER (P < 0.05), while IL-1β significantly decreased (P < 0.05). STER also increased total antioxidant activity (T-AOC) in the liver and estradiol level in the oviduct (P < 0.05), but decreased the cortisol level in the oviduct (P < 0.05). For the intestinal morphology, the jejunal villus height and crypt-to-villus (V:C) significantly increased by STER (P < 0.05). STER increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota (P < 0.05), while deceased Proteobacteria, Desulfobacterota, and Synergistota (P < 0.05). In conclusion, STER improved egg production, quality and nutrition, improved the immune responses, antioxidant capabilities, estrogen level, gut morphology, and increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria while decreased the harmful bacteria. Among all treatments, 4 and 6% STER supplementation yielded the most favorable results in terms of enhancing production performance, egg nutrition, gut health, and immune capabilities in laying hens.
摘要：
Polygonatum odoratum is widely used as a food and medicine in Chinese folk culture. In this study, small-molecule polysaccharides were obtained by fermenting the roots of Polygonatum odoratum with Bacillus subtilis (denoted as PFP). The effects of PFP on the mouse immune response were investigated. The results of the in vitro experiments showed that PFP significantly improved the immune capacity of RAW264.7 macrophages. To verify whether PFP exhibited immune activity in vivo and was safe for animals, mouse experiments were carried out and LPS (lipopolysaccharide) was used to induce inflammation as an inflammatory positive control. The results indicated that compared to the normal control group (NC), PFP significantly increased the levels of TNF-alpha (tumour necrosis factor-alpha), IL-1 beta (interleukin-1 beta) and IL-6 (interleukin-6) in the serum of mice. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of iNOs, Nf-kappa B and Nrf2 in the livers of the mice were significantly upregulated, as were the contents of SOD (superoxide dismutase) and CAT (catalase). In contrast, the level of Akt1 mRNA in the liver was significantly downregulated. The mRNA expression levels of Tnf-alpha, Nf-kappa B, and the tight junction proteins ZO-1 (zonula occludens protein 1) and Occludin in the ileum of mice in the PFP group were significantly enhanced. Meanwhile, PFP significantly improved the structure of the gut microbiota in mice and significantly increased the abundance of various probiotics that produce short-chain fatty acids. In summary, these findings indicate that PFP can enhance the immunity of mice by improving their antioxidant capacity and the gut microbiota without causing inflammatory damage or the death of liver and intestinal tissues.
