摘要：
The fall armyworm, known as Spodoptera frugiperda, is a notorious invasive pest wreaking havoc on agricultural crops globally. In the course of this study, a novel variant of the S. litura multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltMNPV-T0) was isolated from S. litura larvae found on tobacco plants in China. This research delved into the molecular and biological characteristics of SpltMNPV-T0. Electron microscopy revealed that this variant exhibited the characteristics features of a baculovirus. The complete genome of SpltMNPV-T0 was 137,925 bp in length, with a G + C content of 42.88 %, housing a total of 130 open reading frames (ORFs). Phylogenetically, this variant was similar to the published genome of the SpltMNPV-G2 strain, aligning itself with the Alphabaculovirus group II. However, it distinguished itself from the SpltMNPV-II in terms of sequence similarity (76.45 %), shared ORFs (only 63 genes in common), and gene order (exhibiting inversion and reordering). Crucially, SpltMNPV-T0 demonstrated notable effectiveness in controlling third-instar larvae of S. frugiperda and S. litura. Furthermore, the virulence of crude SpltMNPV-T0 matched that of the commercially available virus-based pesticide (SpltMNPV-KY), as evident in terms of mortality rates and speed of kill. These findings yield valu able insights into the molecular biology and functional genomics of this newly discovered variant, characterized by its high virulence. Such knowledge holds promise for advancing bio-control technologies aimed at mitigating the destructive impact of the pest S. frugiperda.
摘要：
IL-1 beta is an important proinflammatory cytokine with multifaceted modulatory roles in immune responses. In fish, recombinant IL-1 beta has been employed in the control of bacterial diseases, while the antiviral mechanisms of IL-1 beta remain largely unknown, and the efficacy of recombinant IL-1 beta as an immunomodulator to prevent viral diseases is still not determined. This study evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of recombinant grass carp IL-1 beta against grass carp reovirus (GCRV) in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, the mature form (Ser(111)-Lys(270)) of grass carp IL-1 beta was identified, and its recombinant protein (designated as rgcIL-1 beta) was prepared through prokaryotic expression. Then, an in vitro evaluation model for rgcIL-1 beta activity was established in the CIK cells, with the appropriate concentration (600 ng/mL) and effect time (1 h). In vitro, rgcIL-1 beta could not only induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha but also a series of antiviral factors including IFN1, IFN-2, IFN-gamma, and ISG15. Mechanistically, transcriptome analysis and western blotting confirmed that rgcIL-1 beta activated multiple transcriptional factors, including NF-kappa B, IRF1, IRF3, and IRF8, and the signal pathways associated with inflammatory cytokines and antiviral factors expression. Expectedly, rgcIL-1 beta treatment significantly inhibited GCRV replication in vitro. In vivo administration of rgcIL-1 beta via intraperitoneal pre-injection significantly aroused an antiviral response to restrict GCRV replication and intense tissue inflammation in grass carp, demonstrating the immunomodulatory effects of rgcIL-1 beta. More importantly, rgcIL-1 beta administrated with 10 ng/g and 1 ng/g could improve the survival rate of grass carp during GCRV infection. This study represents the first time to comprehensively reveal the immunomodulatory and antiviral mechanisms of IL-1 beta in fish and may also pave the way for further developing recombinant IL-1 beta as an immunotherapy for the prevention and control of fish viral diseases.
作者机构：
College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;Yuelushan Laboratory, Pomology Variety Innovation Center, Changsha 410128, China;Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy;Nanling Institute of Citrus Industry, Chenzhou 423000, China;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
通讯机构：
[Dazhi Li; Na Li] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Yuelushan Laboratory, Pomology Variety Innovation Center, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
Seedless is a highly valued commercial characteristic in the citrus industry, both for fresh consumption and for processed markets. In this study, the ‘Succari Sweet Orange’ (WT) and its seedless mutant ‘Juxiangyuan’ (MT), which originated from a bud mutation, were selected to study the formation of a citrus seedless phenotype. Microscopic analysis of MT’s floral organs, including anther and ovary cross-sections, provides insights into its seedless phenotype compared to the original seeded cultivar. Additionally, pollen features, viability, and in vitro germination were examined to determine the cause of seedlessness. MT exhibited significant developmental deformities in both male and female gametes, with pollen grain analysis indicating a high rate of deformity (41.48%), low viability (9.59%), and minimal in vitro germination (9.56%). Hybridization experiments were conducted to assess male and female sterility and pollen incompatibility. Both WT and MT exhibited parthenocarpic development. Notably, MT fruit produced with an average of 3.51 seeds pollinated to WT, despite severe pollen abortion of MT. MT, however, produced seedless fruit through self-breeding or cross-breeding with other varieties, demonstrating stable female sterility. Despite reduced pollen quantity and viability in the seedless mutant ‘Juxiangyuan’, its seedlessness primarily stems from female sterility. This study contributed to a deeper understanding of seedless formation in ‘Juxiangyuan’ and provided valuable information relevant to its commercial cultivation.
摘要：
The combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers has been recognized to enhance soil fertility and foster the soil microbial ecosystem. However, the optimal ratio of chemical and organic fertilizers in oilseed rape cultivation is still uncertain, and the role of rhizosphere effect is still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the impacts of varying ratios of chemical and organic fertilizers on the structure and potential functionalities of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil microbial communities. The interplay of microbial communities with soil properties and oilseed rape root exudates was investigated in controlled pot cultivations receiving varying ratios of chemical and organic fertilizers. Results indicated clear segregation in the soil bacterial community, influenced by both fertilization treatments and rhizosphere effects. The bacterial community structure significantly correlated with nitrate nitrogen, organic acids, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content. Rhizosphere effects led to increased bacteria abundance, reduced diversity, and decreased network stability. Notably, F3 treatment receiving 25% chemical and 75% organic fertilizers showed a significantly higher abundance at 1.43 x 1011 copies g-1 dry soil, accompanied by increased species and genetic diversity, and ecological network complexity. This treatment also yielded the highest aboveground biomass of oilseed rape. However, the application of organic fertilizers also increased the risk of plant pathogenicity. This study reveals the impact of fertilizers and rhizosphere effects on soil microbial community structure and function, shedding light on the establishment of more effective fertilization schemes for oilseed rape agriculture.
摘要：
Introduction: This study emphasizes the importance of agricultural efficiency for food security and income generation, especially among smallholder rice farmers in southern China. Limited access to essential agricultural services hinders productivity in this region. The study highlights the significant potential of agricultural socialized services (ASS) in improving the technical efficiency of smallholder rice production. Methods: To analyze the impact of ASS on technical efficiency in rice production, we focused on tillage, transplanting, crop protection, and harvest operations. We employed stochastic frontier analysis and collected data from smallholder farmers in Hunan, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang provinces. By estimating the technical efficiency of rice production, we aimed to assess the relationship between ASS and smallholder farmers’ technical efficiency. Results and discussion: The results of our analysis revealed that ASS significantly enhance the technical efficiency of rice production among smallholder farmers by supporting agricultural practices such as transplanting, crop protection, and harvest operations. However, we found that the impact of ASS on tillage operations was not statistically significant. Participation in ASS enhances smallholders’ access to modern production techniques, resources, and knowledge, leading to improved technical efficiency. These services also empower smallholder rice producers to adopt sustainable farming practices, access credit, financing, and market information, and promote collective action and cooperation, ultimately influencing technical efficiency. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the potential of ASS in improving the technical efficiency of smallholder rice production in southern China. Policymakers and agricultural organizations can use these insights to design interventions that promote efficient practices, enhance productivity, support livelihoods, and ensure food security in the region.
摘要：
The present study aimed to explore the key volatile compounds (VCs) that lead to the formation of characteristic flavors in ripe Pu-erh tea (RIPT) fermented by Monascus purpureus (M. purpureus). Headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were employed for a comprehensive analysis of the VCs present in RIPT fermented via different methods and were further identified by odor activity value (OAV). The VCs 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene, (E)-linalool oxide (pyranoid), methyl salicylate, linalool, β-ionone, β-damascenone were the key characteristic VCs of RIPT fermented by M. purpureus. OAV and Gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) further indicated that β-damascenone was the highest contribution VCs to the characteristic flavor of RIPT fermented by M. purpureus. This study reveals the specificities and contributions of VCs present in RIPT under different fermentation methods, thus providing new insights into the influence of microorganisms on RIPT flavor.
作者机构：
[Qiao, Hang; Duan, Xun; Ma, Chong] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Rui, Yichao] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.;[Xia, Yinhang] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.;[Hu, Yajun] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Xiangbi] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, XB ] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Mapoling Changsha City 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Microbial anabolism;Microbial catabolism;C use efficiency;Soil organic C;Paddy and upland soils;Climate zones
摘要：
Regularly flooded rice paddies usually show greater soil organic C and microbial-derived C contents than adjacent upland counterparts, but the soil microbial physiological traits under these two different land uses spanning regions remain unclear. Here, we collected 40 pairs of adjacent paddy and upland soils from four different climates (mid temperate, warm temperate, subtropics, and tropics) across eastern China to determine the microbial growth, respiration, and C use efficiency using the 18O-H2O incubation method. Upland soils from warmer climates exhibited lower microbial growth but higher respiration normalized to microbial biomass C (qGrowth and qRespiration, respectively) than those from cooler climates, since the lower soil pH and higher clay content in warmer climates induced a shift from microbial growth to respiration. Whereas, paddy soils from warmer climates had consistently lower qGrowth and qRespiration than cooler climates, probably due to the long term water-logged condition decreased the sensitivity of microbial metabolism in response to lower pH. Paddy soils had higher qGrowth, but lower qRespiration than upland soils, resulting in a greater C use efficiency regardless of climate zones. The difference in microbial C use efficiency between paddy and upland soils was positively correlated to their difference in soil organic C content. From the perspective of microbial C metabolism, the greater organic C accumulation in paddy than that in upland soils is attributed to the weaker microbial uptake of organic C and stronger microbial anabolism under the water-logged condition.
摘要：
As one of the most abundant plant polyphenols in the human diet, (-)-epicatechin (EC) can improve insulin sensitivity and regulate glucose homeostasis. However, the primary mechanisms involved in EC anti-T2DM benefits remain unclear. The present study explored the effects of EC on the gut microbiota and liver transcriptome in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Goto-Kakizaki rats for the first time. The findings showed that EC protected glucose homeostasis, alleviated systemic oxidative stress, relieved liver damage, and increased serum insulin. Further investigation showed that EC reshaped gut microbiota structure, including inhibiting the proliferation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-producing bacteria and reducing serum LPS. In addition, transcriptome analysis revealed that the insulin signaling pathway may be the core pathway of the EC anti-T2DM effect. Therefore, EC may modulate the gut microbiota and liver insulin signaling pathways by the gut-liver axis to alleviate T2DM. As a diet supplement, EC has promising potential in T2DM prevention and treatment.
摘要：
Extreme drought weather has occurred frequently in recent years, resulting in serious yield loss in tea plantations. The study of drought in tea plantations is becoming more and more intensive, but there are fewer studies on drought-resistant measures applied in actual production. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous tea polyphenols on the drought resistance of tea plant by pouring 100 mg·L(-1) of exogenous tea polyphenols into the root under drought. The exogenous tea polyphenols were able to promote the closure of stomata and reduce water loss from leaves under drought stress. Drought-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in tea leaves and roots was also significantly reduced by exogenous tea polyphenols. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that exogenous tea polyphenols regulated the abnormal responses of photosynthetic and energy metabolism in leaves under drought conditions and alleviated sphingolipid metabolism, arginine metabolism, and glutathione metabolism in the root system, which enhanced the drought resistance of tea seedlings. Exogenous tea polyphenols induced jasmonic acid-isoleucine (JA-ILE) accumulation in the root system, and the jasmonic acid-isoleucine synthetase gene (TEA028623), jasmonic acid ZIM structural domain proteins (JAMs) synthesis genes (novel.22237, TEA001821), and the transcription factor MYC2 (TEA014288, TEA005840) were significantly up-regulated. Meanwhile, the flavonoid metabolic flow was significantly altered in the root; for example, the content of EGCG, ECG, and EGC was significantly increased. Thus, exogenous tea polyphenols enhance the drought resistance of tea plants through multiple pathways.
作者：
Hassan, Muhammad Umair;Lihong, Wang*;Nawaz, Muhammad;Ali, Basharat;Tang, Haiying;...
期刊：
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2024年208:108529 ISSN：0981-9428
通讯作者：
Lihong, Wang;Zaid, Abbu
作者机构：
[Hassan, Muhammad Umair] Research Center Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China;[Lihong, Wang] College of Tourism and Geographic Science, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, Jilin, China. Electronic address: wlh1921108@163.com;[Ali, Basharat; Nawaz, Muhammad] Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 62400, Pakistan;[Tang, Haiying] College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, China;[Rasheed, Adnan] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Lihong, Wang] C;[Zaid, Abbu] D;College of Tourism and Geographic Science, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, Jilin, China. Electronic address:;Department of Botany, Govt. Gandhi Memorial Science College, Cluster University, Canal Road, 180001, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Electronic address:
摘要：
Chromium is a serious heavy metal (HM) and its concentration in plant-soil interface is soaring due to anthropogenic activities, unregulated disposals, and lack of efficient treatments. High concentration of Cr is toxic to ecosystems and human health. Cr stress also diminishes the plant performance by changing the plant's vegetative and reproductive development that ultimately affects sustainable crop production. Silicon (Si) is the second-most prevalent element in the crust of the planet, and has demonstrated a remarkable potential to minimize the HM toxicity. Amending soils with Si mitigates adverse effects of Cr by improving plant physiological, biochemical, and molecular functioning and ensuring better Cr immobilization, compartmentation, and co-precipitation. However, there is no comprehensive review on the role of Si to mitigate Cr toxicity in plants. Thus, in this present review; the discussion has been carried on; 1) the source of Cr, 2) underlying mechanisms of Cr uptake by plants, 3) how Si affects the plant functioning to reduce Cr toxicity, 4) how Si can cause immobilization, compartmentation, and co-precipitation 5) strategies to improve Si accumulation in plants to counter Cr toxicity. We also discussed the knowledge gaps and future research needs. The present review reports up-to-date knowledge about the role of Si to mitigate Cr toxicity and it will help to get better crop productivity in Cr-contaminated soils. The findings of the current review will educate the readers on Si functions in reducing Cr toxicity and will offer new ideas to develop Cr tolerance in plants through the use of Si.
关键词：
High protein diet;L-Theanine;Neurotransmitters;Nutritional intervention
摘要：
Excessive protein intake causes liver and brain damage and neurotransmitter disorders, thereby inducing cognitive dysfunction. L-theanine can regulate the neurotransmitter content and show great potential in liver and brain protection. However, it remains unclear whether l-theanine effectively regulates neurotransmitter content under high-protein diet. A 40-day feeding experiment was performed in Sprague Dawley rats to investigate the regulatory effects and mechanisms of l-theanine on neurotransmitters via liver-brain axis in high-protein diets. The results showed that a 30% protein diet increased the liver and brain neurotransmitter content while maintaining the normal structure of liver and the hippocampal CA1 of brain and improving the autonomous behavior of rats. In contrast, 40% and 50% protein diets decreased the content of neurotransmitters, affected autonomous behavior, destroyed the hippocampal CA1 of brain structure, increased hepatic inflammatory infiltration, lipid degeneration, and hepatocyte eosinophilic change in liver, increased liver AST, ALT, MDA, CRP, and blood ammonia level, and decreased liver SOD and CAT level. However, l-theanine improved liver and brain neurotransmitter content, autonomous behavior, liver and hippocampal brain structure, and liver biochemical indicators in 40% and 50% protein diets. To explore how LTA can eliminate the adverse effects of a high-protein diet, we analyzed different metabolites and proteomes and using western blotting for validate quantitatively. We found that l-theanine regulates the activity of PF4 and G protein subunit alpha i2, increases the content of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and dopamine under a 20% protein diet. In addition, l-theanine can activate the adenylate cyclase-protein kinase A pathway through the protein alpha/beta-hydrolase domain protein 12 to regulate the content of neurotransmitters under a 40% protein diet, thereby exerting a neuroprotective effect.
摘要：
Soil nutrient transformation and the microbial metabolism are primarily regulated by soil microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria, which exhibit distinct growth patterns, energy substrate utilization, and survival strategies. Despite their significance, our understanding of the key microorganisms governing the soil microbial metabolism and multifunctionality in subtropical woodlands remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a large-scale investigation and assessment of the soil microbial metabolic limitation and soil multifunctionality in Camellia oleifera Abel and Pinus massoniana Lamb. woodlands in subtropical China. Our results reveal that the microbial phosphorus limitation was more severe in C. oleifera compared to P. massoniana woodlands. Nonetheless, the pattern of carbon metabolic limitation for microbes and soil multifunctionality was similar in both types of woodland. Specifically, the microbial carbon limitation was positively associated with both bacterial and fungal richness, while the microbial phosphorus limitation was significantly correlated with fungi including the richness and community structure in the P. massoniana woodland. By contrast, we did not observe significant correlations between microbial metabolic limitation indices and microbial parameters in C. oleifera woodlands. Regarding soil multifunctionality, the results reveal a strong positive correlation between the soil multifunctionality and fungal community in both P. massoniana and C. oleifera woodlands. Furthermore, our structural equation modeling revealed that the soil fungal community, rather than the bacterial community, had a significant effect on the microbial metabolic limitation and soil multifunctionality. Overall, our study provides profound insights into the relative importance of bacterial and fungal communities in shaping the soil microbial metabolic limitation and soil multifunctionality in subtropical woodlands. The findings of our study have important implications for the management and conservation of subtropical woodlands.
摘要：
Phytohormones play a key role in regulating tiller number. Ascorbic acid (Asc)-phytohormone interaction plays a pivotal role in the regulation of senescence. We analysed the relationship between Asc and the enzyme concentrations and gene transcript abundances related to the signal perception of strigolactones (SLs), the contents of four phytohormones (abscisic acid, ABA; jasmonic acid, JA; indole acetic acid, IAA; cytokinin, CTK), the enzyme concentrations and gene transcript abundances related to the synthesis or transportation of these four phytohormones. Our results showed that Asc deficiency leads to the upregulation of enzyme concentrations, gene transcript abundances related to the SL signal perception, ABA synthesis and IAA transport. The altered level of Asc also leads to a change in the contents of ABA, JA, IAA and CTK. These findings support the conclusion that Asc or Asc/DHA play an important role in the signal perception and transduction of SLs, and Asc may affect the coordinated regulation of SL, IAA and CTK on rice (Oryza sativa) tillering.
期刊：
ACS Applied Energy Materials,2024年 ISSN：2574-0962
通讯作者：
Xie, ZY;Wu, XW;Liao, JJ;Wu, Xiongwei;Ling, W
作者机构：
[Wu, Xuewen; Xie, Zhiyong] Cent South Univ, State Key Lab Powder Met, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Xuewen; Xie, Zhiyong] Cent South Univ, Sci & Technol High Strength Struct Mat Lab, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Xiongwei; Wu, Xuewen; Wu, Saixiang; Wu, XW; Yin, Xingrong] Hunan Prov YinFeng New Energy Co Ltd, Changsha 410000, Peoples R China.;[Liao, Jingjing] Univ South China, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Haikun] Univ New South Wales, Sch Chem Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
通讯机构：
[Xie, ZY ] C;[Wu, XW; Wu, XW ; Ling, W ] H;[Liao, JJ ] U;Cent South Univ, State Key Lab Powder Met, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.;Cent South Univ, Sci & Technol High Strength Struct Mat Lab, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
关键词：
vanadium redox flow battery;electrolyte impurities;orthogonal experiment;alumina ion impurity;electronegativities
摘要：
Impurities in the electrolyte have a large impact on the efficiency and stability of all-vanadium redox flow batteries. Herein, this work tries to introduce the electronegativity to explain the effects of the impurities on the stability and electrochemical performance of vanadium electrolyte. The stability of vanadium sulfate acid redox flow batteries is evaluated in an orthogonal experiment with six control factors at three levels in the presence of low-concentration impurities (0-50 ppm) in phosphoric acid electrolytes. The factors affecting the stability of the positive and negative electrolytes in polypropylene tubes are ranked as follows: temperature (Temp.) > state of charge (SOC) > Al3+ > NH4+ > Fe2+ > Si/F and Al3+ > SOC > Temp. > NH4+ > Si/F > Fe2+, respectively. Especially, Al3+ impurity concentrations between 0 and 200 ppm increased the electrochemical activity and reversibility in 0.1 M H3PO4 and 3 M H2SO4 containing 0.1 M VOSO4 for VO2+/VO2+ couple, but decreased above 50 ppm in 0.1 M H3PO4 and 3 M H2SO4 containing 0.05 M V-2(SO4)(3) for V2+/V3+ couple. The presence of 50 ppm of Al3+ in the vanadium electrolyte slows down the mass transfer of the V(IV)/V(V) and V(II)/V(III) redox reactions.
