关键词：
Chili pepper;Continuous photoperiod;Anthocyanin biosynthesis;Blue light
摘要：
Different metabolic compounds give pepper leaves and fruits their diverse colors. Anthocyanin accumulation is the main cause of the purple color of pepper leaves. The light environment is a critical factor affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis. It is essential that we understand how to use light to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. Pepper leaves were significantly blue–purple only in continuous blue light or white light (with a blue light component) irradiation treatments, and the anthocyanin content of pepper leaves increased significantly after continuous blue light irradiation. This green-to-purple phenotype change in pepper leaves was due to the expression of different genes. We found that the anthocyanin synthesis precursor-related genes PAL and 4CL, as well as the structural genes F3H, DFR, ANS, BZ1, and F3’5’H in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, had high expression under continuous blue light irradiation. Similarly, the expression of transcription factors MYB1R1-like, MYB48, MYB4-like isoform X1, bHLH143-like, and bHLH92-like isoform X3, and circadian rhythm-related genes LHY and COP1, were significantly increased after continuous blue light irradiation. A correlation network analysis revealed that these transcription factors and circadian rhythm-related genes were positively correlated with structural genes in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. Metabolomic analysis showed that delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside were significantly higher under continuous blue light irradiation relative to other light treatments. We selected 12 genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis in pepper leaves for qRT-PCR analysis, and the accuracy of the RNA-seq results was confirmed. In this study, we found that blue light and 24-hour irradiation together induced the expression of key genes and the accumulation of metabolites in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, thus promoting anthocyanin biosynthesis in pepper leaves. These results provide a basis for future study of the mechanisms of light quality and photoperiod in anthocyanin synthesis and metabolism, and our study may serve as a valuable reference for screening light ratios that regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants.
摘要：
Arsenic is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Microbe-mediated arsenic biotransformations significantly influence arsenic mobility and toxicity. Arsenic transformations by soil and aquatic organisms have been well documented, while little is known regarding effects due to endophytic bacteria. An endophyte Pseudomonas putida ARS1 was isolated from rice grown in arsenic contaminated soil. P. putida ARS1 shows high tolerance to arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)), and exhibits efficient As(V) reduction and As(III) efflux activities. When exposed to 0.6 mg/L As(V), As(V) in the medium was completely converted to As(III) by P. putida ARS1 within 4 hr. Genome sequencing showed that P. putida ARS1 has two chromosomal arsenic resistance gene clusters ( arsRCBH ) that contribute to efficient As(V) reduction and As(III) efflux, and result in high resistance to arsenicals. Wolffia globosa is a strong arsenic accumulator with high potential for arsenic phytoremediation, which takes up As(III) more efficiently than As(V). Co-culture of P. putida ARS1 and W. globosa enhanced arsenic accumulation in W. globosa by 69%, and resulted in 91% removal of arsenic (at initial concentration of 0.6 mg/L As(V)) from water within 3 days. This study provides a promising strategy for in situ arsenic phytoremediation through the cooperation of plant and endophytic bacterium. (c) 2023 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.
作者机构：
[Gao, Peng] Syracuse Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.;[Gao, Peng] Univ Lyon, EUR Lyon H2O, Site ENS,15 Parvis R Descartes, F-69362 Lyon, France.;[Piegay, Herve; Belletti, Barbara] Univ Lyon, CNRS, EVS, UMR 5600, Site ENS,15 Parvis R Descartes, F-69007 Lyon, France.;[You, Yuchi] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Water Resources & Civil Engn, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Li, Zhiwei] Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Water Resources & Hydropower Engn Sc, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Gao, P ] S;Syracuse Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.;Univ Lyon, EUR Lyon H2O, Site ENS,15 Parvis R Descartes, F-69362 Lyon, France.
关键词：
water-detection index;surface-water area;total mean water width;braiding index;daily discharge
摘要：
The use of water detection (WD) indices to infer daily discharge (Qd) has a great potential to enrich needed hydrological data for understanding fluvial processes driving the morphological changes of braided rivers. However, no consensus has been reached on which one stands out for use in mid-sized braided rivers. In this study, we compared the physical characteristics of three most commonly used WD indices, the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), for two mid-sized braided reach segments in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China, that have different morphological structures. Relying on the Google Earth Engine web interface, we calculated the total mean water width (WWt) based on the detected surface-water areas (As) and braiding index (BI), as well as the mean values (m) of these indices over about four decades at the braided corridor scale (cs) (mNDWIcs, mMNDWIcs, and mNDMIcs). We then examined different responses of these indices to water and non-water features and their best threshold values for characterizing channel structures. Our analyses demonstrated that (1) NDWI and MNDWI perform well for detecting braided channel structures with the threshold of zero; (2) WWt is generally better correlated to Qd in a linear style than WD indices do, particularly when calculated from MNDWI; and (3) among WD indices calculated at the braided corridor scale, mMNDWIcs shows a better relationship with Qd than mNDMIcs does. Finally, we provided mechanisms that may explain these differences in terms of photometric discrepancies in calculating WWt and WD indices and the impact of image resolution on their calculations.
作者机构：
[Zhou, Ding; Wang, Hui] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Water Resources & Civil Engn, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Xiangxiang] Anhui Jianzhu Univ, Sch Environm & Energy Engn, Hefei 230071, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Fangfang; Ma, Donghao; Zhang, Jiabao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable Agr, State Expt Stn Agroecosyst Fengqiu, Nanjing 210018, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ma, DH ] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable Agr, State Expt Stn Agroecosyst Fengqiu, Nanjing 210018, Peoples R China.
关键词：
AquaCrop;North China Plain;water-stress simulation
摘要：
To apply AquaCrop to the study of agricultural soil moisture in the North China Plain, a water-treatment experiment on summer maize was carried out at the Fengqiu experimental station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences from 2017 to 2018. A water treatment was used to achieve field water capacities of 20 (W1), 40 (W2), and 60 (W3) cm soil layers under irrigation, and a rain-fed treatment (W0) was added. The model parameters were calibrated using the measured data in 2017. Then, they were applied to 2018 to verify the ability of the model to simulate water stress. The results showed that the variation trends for crop yield, canopy coverage, total soil water content, and the curve in the growth cycle simulated via AquaCrop were consistent with the actual observations; the results of a discrete analysis showed that the values of b (regression coefficient), R2 (determination coefficient), and EF (efficiency) were close to 1, and the values of the RMSE (root mean square error) were close to 0, which proved that the model could simulate dynamic changes in summer maize yield, canopy coverage, and total soil water content well. AquaCrop had good applicability in the North China Plain and could be applied to the study of agricultural water consumption and water-use efficiency in this area. The simulated values obtained can serve as an easily obtainable source of long-term experimental data in areas with frequent non-extreme weather events.
关键词：
Tourmaline;Bismuth Tungstate;Tetracycline;Photocatalysis;Electric field
摘要：
Bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) has been renowned for its affordability, non-toxic nature, and outstanding performance, but rapid carrier recombination has always been its fatal drawback. However, the inherent surface electric field of tourmaline effectively reduces carrier recombination and promotes their rapid separation. Consequently, the successful preparation of tourmaline/Bi2WO6 (T/BWO) composite materials has been achieved. Characterization and experiments indicate that, under the influence of the tourmaline electric field, the photocatalytic performance of Bi2WO6 is significantly enhanced. T/BWO successfully removed 95 % of tetracycline (TC) within 60 min. The reaction rate constant for T/BWO composite materials (0.0467 min -1) is 8.6-fold that of tourmaline (0.0054 min -1) and 4.0-fold that of Bi2WO6 (0.0118 min -1). Additionally, light absorption capability and carrier separation efficiency have been markedly improved. Through simulations of various natural environmental factors, T/BWO exhibits commendable practicality. Considering quenching experiments and the detection of active species, it has been determined that & sdot;O2- and h+ contribute the most, shedding light on its photocatalytic mechanism. Furthermore, the degradation process of tetracycline and the toxicity of its byproducts have been investigated. This study has contributed further innovations and insights to the enhancement of photocatalyst performance and efficient environmental remediation.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Many medical graduate students lack a thorough understanding of decision curve analysis (DCA), a valuable tool in clinical research for evaluating diagnostic models. METHODS: This article elucidates the concept and process of DCA through the lens of clinical research practices, exemplified by its application in diagnosing liver cancer using serum alpha-fetoprotein levels and radiomics indices. It covers the calculation of probability thresholds, computation of net benefits for each threshold, construction of decision curves, and comparison of decision curves from different models to identify the one offering the highest net benefit. RESULTS: The paper provides a detailed explanation of DCA, including the creation and comparison of decision curves, and discusses the relationship and differences between decision curves and receiver operating characteristic curves. It highlights the superiority of decision curves in supporting clinical decision-making processes. CONCLUSION: By clarifying the concept of DCA and highlighting its benefits in clinical decisionmaking, this article has improved researchers' comprehension of how DCA is applied and interpreted, thereby enhancing the quality of research in the medical field.
摘要：
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), comprising embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), offer immense potential for regenerative medicine due to their ability to differentiate into all cell types of the adult body. A critical aspect of harnessing this potential is understanding their metabolic requirements during derivation, maintenance, and differentiation in vitro. Traditional culture methods using fetal bovine serum often lead to issues such as heterogeneous cell populations and diminished pluripotency. Although the chemically-defined 2i/LIF medium has provided solutions to some of these challenges, prolonged culturing of these cells, especially female ESCs, raises concerns related to genome integrity. This review discusses the pivotal role of lipids in genome stability and pluripotency of stem cells. Notably, the introduction of lipid-rich albumin, AlbuMAX, into the 2i/LIF culture medium offers a promising avenue for enhancing the genomic stability and pluripotency of cultured ESCs. We further explore the unique characteristics of lipid-induced pluripotent stem cells (LIP-ESCs), emphasizing their potential in regenerative medicine and pluripotency research.
通讯机构：
[Yin, LR ] C;Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Automot & Mech Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.
摘要：
A rope-climbing robot (RCR) can reciprocate on a rope. To address the problems of poor load capacity and adaptability of the existing RCR, this study designs a dual-rope crawler type RCR, which can be used as a new type of transportation equipment in hilly, mountainous, and plateau areas. The crawler rope-climbing mechanism is a combination of a chain drive and the rope-climbing foot. Innovatively applying the parabolic theory of overhead rope to kinematically analyze the rope-climbing robot system, the robot motion trajectory model and the tilt angle equation are established. To establish the safe working interval of the rope-climbing robot, the influence of machine load and rope span on robot tilt angle is compared. Furthermore, research on the dynamic characteristics of the rope-climbing robot is carried out, establishing a time-varying system model of the dynamic tension of the rope in the rope-climbing robot system and analyzing the effects of speed and load on the dynamic tension of the rope and system stability. Finally, the prototype test results show that the RCR operates stably and has good load capacity and barrier-crossing capability.
摘要：
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic and complex disease, and traditional drugs have many side effects. The active compound dihydromyricetin (DHM), derived from natural plants, has been shown in our previous study to possess the potential for reducing blood glucose levels; however, its precise molecular mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, network pharmacology and transcriptomics were performed to screen the molecular targets and signaling pathways of DHM disturbed associated with T2DM, and the results were partially verified by molecular docking, RT-PCR, and Western blotting at in vivo levels. Firstly, the effect of DHM on blood glucose, lipid profile, and liver oxidative stress in db/db mice was explored and the results showed that DHM could reduce blood glucose and improve oxidative stress in the liver. Secondly, GO analysis based on network pharmacology and transcriptomics results showed that DHM mainly played a significant role in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and fatty acid metabolism in biological processes, on lipoprotein and respiratory chain on cell components, and on redox-related enzyme activity, iron ion binding, and glutathione transferase on molecular functional processes. KEGG system analysis results showed that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, IL17 signaling pathway, HIF signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and TNF signaling pathway were typical signaling pathways disturbed by DHM in T2DM. Thirdly, molecular docking results showed that VEGFA, SRC, HIF1A, ESR1, KDR, MMP9, PPARG, and MAPK14 are key target genes, five genes of which were verified by RT-PCR in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, Western blotting results revealed that DHM effectively upregulated the expression of AKT protein and downregulated the expression of MEK protein in the liver of db/db mice. Therefore, our study found that DHM played a therapeutic effect partially by activation of the PI3K/AKT/MAPK signaling pathway. This study establishes the foundation for DHM as a novel therapeutic agent for T2DM. Additionally, it presents a fresh approach to utilizing natural plant extracts for chemoprevention and treatment of T2DM.
作者机构：
[Liu, Gang; Liu, Naiyuan; Liu, Zhuangzhuang; Zhao, Jinfeng; Fang, Jun; Wang, Keyu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Gang; Liu, Naiyuan; Liu, Zhuangzhuang; Zhao, Jinfeng; Fang, Jun; Wang, Keyu] Hunan Engn Lab Pollut Control & Waste Utilizat Swi, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Yao, Hao] Changsha IMADEK Intelligent Technol Co Ltd, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Pan, Junting] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning, State Key Lab Efficient Utilizat Arid & Semiarid A, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Fang, J ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Engn Lab Pollut Control & Waste Utilizat Swi, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Meta genomic analysis;Network analysis;Rice straw-mushroom compost;Sawdust-rice husk compost
摘要：
This study aimed to assess the impact of microbial agent and different compost material, on physicochemical parameters dynamic change, nitrogen-transfer gene/bacterial community interaction network during the pig manure composting. Incorporating a microbial agent into rice straw-mushroom compost reduced the NH(3) and total ammonia emissions by 25.52% and 14.41%, respectively. Notably, rice straw-mushroom with a microbial agent reduced the total ammonia emissions by 37.67%. NH(4)(+)-N and pH emerged as primary factors of phylum-level and genus-level microorganisms. Microbial agent increased the expression of narG, nirK, and nosZ genes. Rice straw-mushroom elevated the content of amoA, nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes. Alcanivorax, Luteimonas, Pusillimonas, Lactobacillus, Aequorivita, Clostridium, Moheibacter and Truepera were identified as eight core microbial genera during the nitrogen conversion process. This study provides a strategy for reducing ammonia emissions and analyzes the potential mechanisms underlying compost processes.
摘要：
IL-10 is a key anti-inflammatory mediator ensuring the protection of a host from excessive inflammation in response to pathogen infections, whose transcription or expression levels are tightly linked to the onset and progression of infectious diseases. An AP-1 family member called CiJunD was shown to be a transcription factor of IL-10 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in the current study. CiJunD protein harbored the conserved Jun and bZIP domains. Mutant experiments demonstrated that CiJunD bound to three specific sites on IL-10 promoter, i.e., 5'-ATTATTCATA-3', 5'-AGATGAGACATCT-3', and 5'-ATTATTCATC-3', mainly relying on the bZIP domain, and initiated IL-10 transcription. Expression data from the grass carp spleen infected by Aeromonas hydrophila and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenged spleen leukocytes indicated that the expressions of CiJunD and IL-10 were positively correlated, while the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, showed an overall downward trend when CiJunD and IL-10 peaked. The ability of CiJunD to down-regulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and up-regulate the expression of IL-10, both with and without LPS stimulation, was confirmed by overexpression experiments. Meanwhile, the subcellular fractionation assay revealed that the nuclear translocation of CiJunD was significantly enhanced after the LPS challenge. Moreover, in vivo administration of grass carp with Oxamflatin, a potent agonist of JunD activity, could promote IL-10 but suppress the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Intriguingly, tissue inflammation lesions and the survival rates of grass carp infected with A. hydrophila were also significantly improved by Oxamflatin administration. This work sheds light on the regulation mechanism by JunD of IL-10 expression and bacterial infectious inflammation for the first time, and it may present a viable method for preventing infectious diseases in fish by regulating IL-10 expression and inflammatory response.
关键词：
photovoltaic power prediction;Hunter–Prey Optimization;Simple Recurrent Unit;K-Nearest Neighbors algorithm
摘要：
In view of the current problems of complex models and insufficient data processing in ultra-short-term prediction of photovoltaic power generation, this paper proposes a photovoltaic power ultra-short-term prediction model named HPO-KNN-SRU, based on a Simple Recurrent Unit (SRU), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Hunter–Prey Optimization (HPO). Firstly, the sliding time window is determined by using the autocorrelation function (ACF), partial correlation function (PACF), and model training. The Pearson correlation coefficient method is used to filter the principal meteorological factors that affect photovoltaic power. Then, the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm is utilized for effective outlier detection and processing to ensure the quality of input data for the prediction model, and the Hunter–Prey Optimization (HPO) algorithm is applied to optimize the parameters of the KNN algorithm. Finally, the efficient Simple Recurrent Unit (SRU) model is used for training and prediction, with the Hunter–Prey Optimization (HPO) algorithm applied to optimize the parameters of the SRU model. Simulation experiments and extensive ablation studies using photovoltaic data from the Desert Knowledge Australia Solar Centre (DKASC) in Alice Springs, Australia, validate the effectiveness of the integrated model, the KNN outlier handling, and the HPO algorithm. Compared to the Support Vector Regression (SVR), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN), and Simple Recurrent Unit (SRU) models, this model exhibits an average reduction of 19.63% in Mean Square Error (RMSE), 27.54% in Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and an average increase of 1.96% in coefficient of determination (R2) values.
通讯机构：
[Wang, JW; Huang, K ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Minist Educ, Engn Res Ctr Hort Crop Germplasm Creat & New Varie, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Key Lab Vegetable Biol Hunan Prov, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Minist Agr & Rural Affairs China, Key Lab Evaluat & Utilizat Gene Resources Hort Cro, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Brassica oleracea var. italica;Myrosinase;BoMY;Sulforaphane;Selenite treatment
摘要：
Sulforaphane, a naturally specialized metabolite, plays significant roles in human disease prevention and plant defense. Myrosinase (MY) is a key gene responsible for the catalysis of sulforaphane formation, but the molecular mechanisms through which MY regulates sulforaphane biosynthesis in plants remains largely unknown. Here, we discovered that the change of sulforaphane content in broccoli sprouts caused by exogenous selenite treatments is positively related to BoMY expression. BoMY overexpression in the Arabidopsis thaliana tgg1 mutants could dramatically increase myrosinase activity and sulforaphane content in the rosette leaves of 35S::BoMY/tgg1 and rescue its phenotypes. Moreover, an obvious increase of myrosinase activity and sulforaphane content was displayed in transgenic BoMY-overexpressed broccoli lines. In addition, a 2 033 bp promoter fragment of BoMY was isolated. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) library screening experiment uncovered that one bHLH transcription factor, BoFAMA, could directly bind to BoMY promoter to activate its expression, which was further evidenced by Y1H assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay. BoFAMA is a selenite-responsive transcription factor that is highly expressed in broccoli leaves; its protein is solely localized to nucleus. Additionally, genetic evidence suggested that the knockdown of FAMA gene in Arabidopsis thaliana could signifi- cantly decrease sulforaphane yield by inhibiting the expression of myrosinase genes. Interestingly, exogenous selenite supply could partially restore the low level of sulforaphane content in transgenic Arabidopsis FAMA-silencing plants. Our findings uncover a novel function of FAMAMY module in the regulation of selenite-mediated sulforaphane synthesis and provide a new insights into the molecular mechanism by which selenite regulates the accumulation of sulforaphane in plants.
摘要：
Background: Selenium is an essential trace element for human health and its deficiency leads to increased risk of many diseases worldwide. Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is a plant with selenium accumulation ability. Selenium-enriched tea combines the flavor and health benefits of tea with the additional wellness advantages of selenium, holding promising market potential. Scope and approach: This article reviews the latest research advances on selenium-enriched tea. The ability and mechanism of selenium accumulation in tea plants, as well as the existence forms of selenium in tea leaves, have been summarized. In addition, we examined the effects of selenium on tea physiological activities, including metabolic and quality regulation, and provided a summary of the associated health benefits. Key findings and conclusions: Tea plants possess a strong ability to accumulate selenium in selenium-rich area or under selenium fertilizer application. Over 80% of the selenium in selenium-enriched tea leaves exists in organic forms, including selenoamino acids, selenoproteins, selenium-polysaccharides, and selenium-polyphenols. Selenium can promote tea growth and optimize the proportion of quality compounds (e.g., polyphenols, amino acids, and alkaloids). The levels of stress-related antioxidant enzymes and phytohormones are increased to promote environmental stress resistance and selenium tolerance. Selenium-enriched tea demonstrates superior health benefits compared to regular tea due to the synergistic effects of tea active ingredients and selenium element. This review aims to inspire innovative ideas for the development of selenium-enriched tea with thriving growth conditions, high selenium bioaccessibility, delightful flavor, and broad applications in the food and health industries.
摘要：
The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme catalyses the conversion of l-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid. This conversion is the first step in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in plants. The phenylpropanoid pathway produces diverse plant metabolites that play essential roles in various processes, including structural support and defence. Previous studies have shown that mutation of the PAL genes enhances disease susceptibility. Here, we investigated the functions of the rice PAL genes using 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid (AIP), a strong competitive inhibitor of PAL enzymes. We show that the application of AIP can significantly reduce the PAL activity of rice crude protein extracts in vitro. However, when AIP was applied to intact rice plants, it reduced infection of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. RNA-seq showed that AIP treatment resulted in a rapid but transient upregulation of defence-related genes in roots. Moreover, targeted metabolomics demonstrated higher levels of jasmonates and antimicrobial flavonoids and diterpenoids accumulating after AIP treatment. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of the jasmonate pathway abolished the effect of AIP on nematode infection. Our results show that disturbance of the phenylpropanoid pathway by the PAL inhibitor AIP induces defence in rice against M. graminicola by activating jasmonate-mediated defence.
摘要：
The quality of pasteurized milk is commonly assessed through microbiological analysis, with variations in storage conditions significantly impacting the suppression of bacterial growth throughout the milk's shelf life. This study investigated the dynamics of total bacterial counts (TBCs) and bacterial community shifts in milk that underwent pasteurization at 80 °C for 15 s. The milk was subsequently stored at 4 °C for varying intervals of 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, and 16 days. Culture-based testing revealed a significant TBC increase during the storage period spanning 1 to 16 days (up to -log10 4.2 CFU/mL at day 16). The TBC in pasteurized milk exhibited accelerated microbial growth from day 13 onwards, ultimately peaking on day 16. Bacillus was detected through 16S rRNA identification. Principal component analysis demonstrated a significant impact of storage time on bacterial communities in pasteurized milk. Analysis of bacterial diversity revealed a negative correlation between the Shannon index and the duration of pasteurized milk storage. Using high-throughput sequencing, Streptococcus and Acinetobacter were detected as prevalent bacterial genera, with Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uberis showing as dominant taxa. The presence of Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uberis in pasteurized milk might be attributed to the initial contamination from raw milk with mastitis. This study offers new evidence of the prevalence of bacterial community in pasteurized milk, thereby adding value to the enhancement of quality control and the development of strategies for reducing microbial risks.
摘要：
Fu brick tea (FBT) has unique "fungal flower" aroma traits, but its source of crucial aroma compounds is still controversial. Aspergillus cristatus is the dominant fungus that participated in the fermentation of FBT. In this study, volatiles of Aspergillus cristatus and corresponding fermented FBT were examined using GC×GC-Q-TOFMS. A total of 59 volatiles were shared by three strains of Aspergillus cristatus isolated from representative FBT. Among them, 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone were the most abundant. A total of 133 volatiles were screened as typical FBT volatiles from three FBTs fermented by the corresponding fungi. Aspergillus cristatus and FBT had only 29 coexisting volatiles, indicating that the volatiles of Aspergillus cristatus could not directly contribute to the aroma of FBT. The results of no significant correlation between volatile content in FBT and volatile content in Aspergillus cristatus suggested that intracellular metabolism of Aspergillus cristatus was not a direct driver of FBT aroma formation. Metabolic pathway analysis and proteomic analysis showed that the aroma in FBT was mainly formed by the enzymatic reaction of extracellular enzymes from Aspergillus cristatus. This study enriched our understanding of Aspergillus cristatus in the aroma formation process of FBT.
摘要：
In order to explore the effect of fertilization patterns on the growth of rapeseed seedlings under waterlogging stress, three fertilization patterns (conventional fertilization, supplemental organic fertilization, and supplemental microbial fertilization) were set up using the variety Xiangyou 708 as the material, and waterlogging treatment was carried out during the seedling stage of rapeseed. The effects of fertilization patterns on the growth of rapeseed seedlings and rhizosphere microorganisms under waterlogging stress were investigated. The results showed that all three fertilization patterns exhibited that waterlogging stress inhibited the growth of rapeseed seedlings, inhibited root activity, and changed the structure of rhizosphere bacterial community structure. However, supplemental organic and microbial fertilization better promoted the growth of rapeseed seedlings, reduced the impact of waterlogging stress on the growth of rapeseed seedlings, and accelerated the recovery of rapeseed seedlings after waterlogging stress. Under normal water supply, supplemental organic fertilization enriched P_Bacteroidota, P_Actinobacteriota, P_Chloroflexi, and G_Flavisolibacter in the rhizosphere soil of rapeseed, while supplemental microbial fertilization enriched P_Bacteroidota and G_Flavisolibacter in the rhizosphere soil of rapeseed. After 7 days of waterlogging treatment, supplemental organic fertilization enriched P_Verrucomicrobiota in the rhizosphere soil of rapeseed, while supplemental microbial fertilization enriched P_Actinobacteriota, G_SC-I-84, and G_Ellin6067 in the rhizosphere soil of rapeseed. The enrichment of these bacteria may be related to the growth promotion and waterlogging tolerance of rapeseed. This study provides evidence that microbial and organic fertilizer can promote the growth of rapeseed and enhance its waterlogging tolerance, as well as evidence that some rhizosphere microorganisms have a potential role in promoting the growth and waterlogging tolerance of rapeseed.
摘要：
High-density intensive farming accelerates the incidence and transmission risk of various infectious diseases in poultry. The development and application of medicinal herbs, probiotics, and other feed additives have gathered a lot of attention in the context of the total ban on antibiotic feed additives and healthy breeding. This study investigated the effects of dietary Terminalia chebula extract (TCE), a plant extract, on growth performance, immune function, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health in yellow-feathered broilers. Our findings demonstrated that TCE could improve broilers' immune function, antioxidant capacity, intestinal health, and growth performance. The mechanism for the beneficial effect of TCE supplementation was not limited to the enhancement of the immune response and antioxidant capacity, as there was also an improvement in intestinal health due to TCE enhancing beneficial bacteria, promoting intestinal short-chain fatty acid secretion, and improving intestinal morphology. This improvement in intestinal health ultimately resulted in the improved health status of the yellow-feathered broilers. These findings provide a basis and reference for Terminalia chebula extract as an effective feed additive in broiler breeding. Terminalia chebula extract (TCE) has many physiological functions and is potentially helpful in maintaining poultry health, but its specific effect on the growth of broilers is not yet known. This research investigated the effects of dietary Terminalia chebula extract (TCE) supplementation on growth performance, immune function, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health in yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 288 one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were divided into four treatment groups (72 broilers/group), each with six replicates of 12 broilers. The broilers were given a basal diet of corn-soybean meal supplemented with 0 (control), 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg TCE for 56 d. The results demonstrated that, compared with the basal diet, the addition of TCE significantly increased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the final body weight and overall weight gain and performance and decreased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the feed-to-gain ratio in the overall period. Dietary TCE increased (linear, p < 0.05) the levels of IgM, IL-4, and IL-10 and decreased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the level of IL-6 in the serum. Dietary TCE increased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the levels of IL-2 and IL-4, decreased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the level of IL-1 beta, and decreased (linear, p < 0.05) the level of IL-6 in the liver. Dietary TCE increased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the level of IgM and IL-10, increased (linear, p < 0.05) the level of IgG, and decreased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the levels of IL-1 beta and IL-6 in the spleen. Supplementation with TCE linearly and quadratically increased (p < 0.05) the catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity activities while decreasing (p < 0.05) the malonic dialdehyde concentrations in the serum, liver, and spleen. TCE-containing diets for broilers resulted in a higher (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) villus height, a higher (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) ratio of villus height to crypt depth, and a lower (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) crypt depth compared with the basal diet. TCE significantly increased (linear, p < 0.05) the acetic and butyric acid concentrations and decreased (quadratic, p < 0.05) the isovaleric acid concentration. Bacteroidaceae and Bacteroides, which regulate the richness and diversity of microorganisms, were more abundant and contained when TCE was added to the diet. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that supplementing broilers with TCE could boost their immune function, antioxidant capacity, and gut health, improving their growth performance; they could also provide a reference for future research on TCE.
