期刊：
Materials Chemistry and Physics,2010年124(1):482-487 ISSN：0254-0584
通讯作者：
Xie, Yonggui
作者机构：
[Huang, Baiyun; Xie, Yonggui; Huang, Qizhong] Cent S Univ, State Key Lab Powder Met, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Xie, Xiangmin] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Coll Sci, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xie, Yonggui] C;Cent S Univ, State Key Lab Powder Met, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Chemical synthesis;Electron microscopy;Nanostructures;Raman spectroscopy
摘要：
Carbon nanospheres (CNSs) were synthesized through the chemical reactions of calcium carbide and oxalic acid without using catalysts. The chemical reactions were carried out in a sealed stainless steel pressure vessel with various molar ratios at temperatures of 65–250 °C. The synthesized CNSs have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) attached to the SEM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The total yield of carbonaceous materials relative to the starting material is about 4% (w/w). SEM and TEM results reveal that the percentage of CNSs is high (>95%). The CNSs that have been synthesized are roe-like spheres of relatively uniform size with diameters of 60–120 nm. The attached EDS result shows that the carbon content of CNSs reaches up to 98%.
摘要：
Expression profiles of 12 class A rice heat shock transcription factor genes (OsHsfAs) were analyzed by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The OsHsfA genes exhibited tissue-specific expressions under normal condition. OsHsfA1a, A2d, and A9 were predominantly expressed in young spike. Expression responses of the 12 OsHsfAs under abiotic stresses were analyzed in the shoots of rice seedling. Most OsHsfA genes responded quickly to heat stress except for OsHsfA1a, A3, and A9 which were almost unaffected. In particular, OsHsfA2a expression in response to heat stress was highest among the heat shock factors examined. However, the majority of the increased OsHsfAs expression responses to salt, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and cold treatments primarily occurred during the later stages (3 to 24 h) of stress exposure. Furthermore, most of OsHsfA gene expressions were little affected and only a few (OsHsfA3, A4d, A7, and A9) genes had slow responses to cold treatment. The results indicate that the transcript levels of OsHsfAs during heat stress exposure were distinct from those of plants subjected to salt, PEG, and cold stresses, suggesting that there might be different regulatory networks between heat and non-heat stress.
作者机构：
[Shu, W. S.; Lan, C. Y.; Zhou, M.; Ye, Z. H.; Yang, B.] Sun Yat Sen Zhongshan Univ, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Shu, W. S.; Lan, C. Y.; Zhou, M.; Ye, Z. H.; Yang, B.] Sun Yat Sen Zhongshan Univ, Sch Life Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Qiu, R. L.] Sun Yat Sen Zhongshan Univ, Sch Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Qiu, R. L.] Sun Yat Sen Zhongshan Univ, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Environm Pollut Control &, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Jie, Y. C.] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Bast Fiber Crops, Changsha 410205, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ye, Z. H.] S;Sun Yat Sen Zhongshan Univ, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
摘要：
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary lysine (DLys) on growth performance, serum metabolites, and carcass composition in growing-finishing barrows fed to achieve a body weight (BW) of about 70 kg from an initial weight of 40 kg. The average daily gain (ADG) and gainrfee (G/F) increased (P < 0.05) as the level of DLys increased. The dressing percentage of barrows in the 0.91 % DLys treatment group was larger (P < 0.05) than that in the other two groups. Other chemical indexes of body composition, including protein, ash, lipid accretion rates and estimated lean yields, were also affected (P < 0.05) by the level of dietary DLys. Findings suggest that barrows fed diets providing 14.21 MJ of digestible energy/kg from over a period during which body weight increases from 40 to 70 kg, show the maximum ADG and G/F when the concentration of DLys is 0.91%, which corresponds approximately to an intake of 18.4 g/day DLys and 0.63 g of DLys/MJ of DE, respectively.
关键词：
Later growth period;nitrogen loss in plant;nitrogen redistribution;nitrogen-use efficiency;oilseed rape
摘要：
To determine the relationship between nitrogen (N) redistribution of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) varieties and N-use efficiency during later growth stages, the differences in N-use efficiency between two varieties (X-36 and X-50) were studied using the 15N labeling method with sand culture under complete nutrient solution conditions. Results showed that X-36 had greater grain yield not because of greater N uptake but because of greater grain yield per unit N in the plant and N-harvesting index. The average proportion of N in the two varieties that was redistributed from the vegetative organs to the grain was 65.1%. The redistribution amount and the proportion of N absorbed at the stem elongation stage and redistributed into the grain of two varieties were the greatest; the least were amounts absorbed at the siliquing stage. The high-N-use-efficiency variety (X-36), when compared with the low-N-use-efficiency variety (X-50), had slower redistribution speed of N before the siliquing stage, which then became faster after the siliquing stage. The amount of N redistributed to the grains and its proportion were larger, whereas those toward the silique husk were smaller. The amount of N loss from the plant and its proportion were smaller, and the velocity of N loss was also slower. This explains why varieties with high N efficiency have high N-harvesting index. At the later growth stages, N redistribution in the vegetative organs will significantly affect N-use efficiency.
关键词：
Biodiesel;Methanol;Rapeseed oil;Solid base catalyst;Transesterification
摘要：
We report here the preparation of biodiesel by transesterification of rapeseed oil with methanol using calcined K2CO3/gamma-Al2O3 as a solid base catalyst. The prepared catalysts were characterized using SEM, IR and BET, and their catalytic activities were evaluated. The reaction conditions were optimized, and in particular, the conversion can be as high as 98.62% under the optimal reaction conditions. In addition, the effect of the presence of water in the reaction system on the catalytic activity was also studied.
摘要：
A series of new chiral phosphine-phosphoramidite ligands with a 3,3′-substituted binaphthyl moiety were prepared from 1-phenylethylamine, and successfully applied in the Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of β-(acylamino)acrylates. The research disclosed that the substituents on the 3,3′-positions of binaphthyl moiety significantly influenced the enantioselectivity.
作者机构：
[Zeng, F. -H.; Huang, Z. -C.] Zhanjiang Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci & Technol, Zhanjiang 524048, Peoples R China.;[Lu, X. -Y.; Huang, Z. -C.] Hunan Agr Univ, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zeng, F. -H.] Z;Zhanjiang Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci & Technol, Zhanjiang 524048, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Rare earth element (REE);REE tracer method (REETM);Research progress;Soil erosion
摘要：
Rare earth elements (REEs) have been proved ideal tracers for soil erosion and aggregation. REE tracer method (REETM) used to study soil erosion, as a new technique, has been developed in recent 20 yr. It is able to quantitatively monitor the temporal and spatial variation of erosion intensity, compared with traditional approaches. The applications of REETM in studying of sediment differentiation law, erosion process evolution, determination of sediment sources and sedimentation investigations, and determination of prediction parameters, were reviewed. Some application limitations were summarized.
作者机构：
[Douglass, Katheryn; Murphy, Agnes; Nolan, Lana; Song, Yong; De Koeyer, David; Whitney, Sean] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Potato Res Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada.;[Nolan, Lana] Univ New Brunswick, Fac Forestry & Environm Management, Fredericton, NB E3B 6C2, Canada.;[Song, Yong] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Crop Germplasm Innovat & Utili, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[De Jong, Walter] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.;[De Koeyer, David] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Potato Res Ctr, 850 Lincoln Rd, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada.
通讯机构：
[De Koeyer, David] A;Agr & Agri Food Canada, Potato Res Ctr, 850 Lincoln Rd, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada.
关键词：
Potato;High-resolution DNA melting;Haplotype dosage;Autotetraploid genetics;Marker-assisted selection;Variant scanning
摘要：
The ideal marker system for tetraploid potato would be dosage-sensitive and have the ability to distinguish heterozygous genotypes with multiple haplotypes within the genomic region targeted by the marker. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of high-resolution DNA melting (HRM) for genotyping and polymorphism detection in diploid and tetraploid potato. Amplicon scanning, unlabelled probe, and short amplicon assays were developed for four candidate genes affecting tuber skin and flesh colour, and starch, and a marker linked to nematode resistance. Genotyping a set of 95 potato clones revealed several examples of clones with three distinct haplotypes. Combined probe and amplicon analysis identified between 29 and 44 unique genotypes for the same assays. Assays developed for four of the five target genes are suitable for marker-assisted selection in potato breeding programs. This study illustrates the use of HRM in potato genetics. Further advances in the technology and associated data analysis should make HRM a useful tool for basic and applied studies of potato.
摘要：
In southern China, potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are grown in the late season and the crops are often subjected to low temperature stress particularly during the tuber bulking stage. Exogenous chlorocholine chloride (CCC) treatment has been found to improve crop performance under suboptimal growth conditions; however, the physiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects have not been fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of CCC treatment on mineral nutrition, antioxidant enzyme system, and tuber yield of potato (cv. Zhongshu 3) under field conditions. The plants were foliar sprayed twice with 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g l(-1) CCC at 24 and 28 clays after emergence (DAE), respectively; and plants without CCC treatment were serviced as control. Leaf samples were collected on 56 DAE for determination of mineral nutrition contents and antioxidant enzyme activity. Results showed that 1.5 and 2.0 g l(-1) CCC treatments significantly increased the contents of P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in potato leaves. These treatments also increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidases (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities in the leaves. A positive linear relationship was found between SOD activity and the content of Fe + Mn + Zn + Cu. Tuber yield was significantly increased by CCC treatment. It is concluded that treatment with certain concentration of CCC (e.g. 1.5-2.0 g l(-1)) improves mineral nutrition and SOD, POD and CAT activities in potato leaves; which might have contributed to the higher tuber yield of the crop grown under suboptimal conditions. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Differences of nitrogen efficiency of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars and their physiological properties were studied in a pot experiment, and the ratio of seed yield with no nitrogen supplied to that with normal nitrogen supply was adopted as a nitrogen efficiency coefficient. Results showed that the nitrogen efficiency coefficient determined for eight oilseed rape cultivars varied from 0.37 to 0.69, the ratio of nitrogen uptake amounts per plant, nitrogen transfer velocity from stems and leaves to seeds, and nitrogen physiological efficiency of oilseed rape cultivars under nitrogen stressed condition differed from with normal nitrogen supply. The higher the nitrogen efficiency of a cultivar, the higher the ratio of N uptake in no nitrogen to with N supplied. Under low nitrogen-supplying conditions, high nitrogen efficiency cultivars had longer roots, more lateral roots, higher amounts of reuse of nitrate from stem and leaves, and higher nitrate reductase activities in leaves.
