摘要：
Lilium growth is severely impeded by continuous cropping, and crop rotation is essential to reducing the detrimental effects of monocultures. Soil (0-20 cm) was collected in three Lilium cropping patterns in Longshan County, Hunan Province, including continuous Lilium cropping (Lilium), corn upland rotation with Lilium (Corn), and paddy rotation with Lilium (Rice). Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology, the fungal ribosomal DNA internal-transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) was examined to evaluate the features of soil fungi communities among three cropping patterns. Crop rotation has an impact on soil properties and the microbial community. Rice soil has a significantly higher pH than Lilium and corn soil, while corn and rice soil have a greater total nitrogen and total phosphorus content than Lilium soil. Rotation cropping clearly shifted the fungi community diversity based on the results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Ascomycota was the most prevalent phylum, with the highest levels in Lilium soil. Genetic analysis revealed that paddy rotation led to a clear reduction in or non-detection of eight potentially pathogenic fungal genera and a noticeable accumulation of eight beneficial fungal genera compared to Lilium continuous cropping. Fungi communities and their abundant taxa were correlated with soil pH and nutrients. Altogether, we propose that rice rotation, with its ability to mitigate soil acidification, reducing pathogenic and accumulating beneficial communities, may be an effective strategy for alleviating the continuous cropping barrier.
摘要：
Soil salinization is one of the most important abiotic stresses which can seriously affect the growth and development of rice, leading to the decrease in or even loss of a rice harvest. Increasing the rice yield of saline soil is a key issue for agricultural production. The utilization of heterosis could significantly increase crop biomass and yield, which might be an effective way to meet the demand for rice cultivation in saline soil. In this study, to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of rice hybrids and their parents that respond to salt stress, we investigated the phenotypic characteristics, physiological and biochemical indexes, and expression level of salt-related genes at the seedling stage. In this study, two sets of materials, encapsulating the most significant differences between the rice hybrids and their parents, were screened using the salt damage index and a hybrid superiority analysis. Compared with their parents, the rice hybrids Guang-Ba-You-Hua-Zhan (BB1) and Y-Liang-You-900 (GD1) exhibited much better salt tolerance, including an increased fresh weight and higher survival rate, a better scavenging ability towards reactive oxygen species (ROS), better ionic homeostasis with lower content of Na+ in their Na+/K+ ratio, and a higher expression of salt-stress-responsive genes. These results indicated that rice hybrids developed complex regulatory mechanisms involving multiple pathways and genes to adapt to salt stress and provided a physiological basis for the utilization of heterosis for improving the yield of rice under salt stress.
摘要：
The growth and development of rice (Oryza sativaL.) are affected by multiple factors, such as ROS homeostasis and utilization of iron. Here, we demonstrate that OsUGE2, a gene encoding a UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, controls growth and development by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and iron (Fe) level in rice. Knockout of this gene resulted in impaired growth, such as dwarf phenotype, weakened root growth and pale yellow leaves. Biochemical analysis showed that loss of function of OsUGE2 significantly altered the proportion and content of UDP-Glucose (UDP-Glc) and UDP-Galactose (UDP-Gal). Cellular observation indicates that the impaired growth may result from decreased cell length. More importantly, RNA-sequencing analysis showed that knockout of OsUGE2 significantly influenced the expression of genes related to oxidoreductase process and iron ion homeostasis. Consistently, the content of ROS and Fe are significantly decreased in OsUGE2 knockout mutant. Furthermore, knockout mutants of OsUGE2 are insensitive to both Fe deficiency and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) treatment, which further confirmed that OsUGE2 control rice growth possibly through Fe and H(2)O(2) signal. Collectively, these results reveal a new pathway that OsUGE2 could affect growth and development via influencing ROS homeostasis and Fe level in rice.
通讯机构：
[Zhou, N ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Engn Res Ctr Biochar, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Soil remediation;Graphitized biochar;Rice seedling;Quinclorac remove;Advanced oxidation process
摘要：
To explore highly effective and nonmetallic advanced oxidation process system to alleviate the persistent herbicides contamination in agricultural soils is of great importance. In this study, a significantly graphitized biochar with abundant C = O structure is prepared as non-metallic catalyst (WCGBC800). Different from other traditional amorphous pristine biochar, WCGBC800 can accelerate the electron transfer in the system and then effectively activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to produce free (center dot OH, center dot O2-, SO4 center dot-, etc.) and non-free radicals (1O2, electron transfer, etc.). Consequently, WCGBC800 can degrade 100 % the persistent organic herbicide quinclorac (QNC, with a content of 50 mg center dot kg- 1) in soil within 20 min after PMS addition. The T.E.S.T-QSAR software simulation evidence that the toxicity of degradation intermediates is much lower than QNC. The stress of QNC on rice seedlings was directly described through rice cultivation experiment. The stress of rice seedlings was relieved after WCGBC800 + PMS treatment. The growth experiment of rice seedlings also shows that with an original QNC concentration of 7 mg center dot kg- 1 in soil, the root length, root surface area, leaf length, leaf area, and leaves perimeter of rice increase of 255.30 %, 148.38 %, 207.64 %, 204.19 %, and 63.69 % respectively after detoxification by WCGBC800 + PMS system. This functional material and the WCGBC800 + PMS system provide new solutions for solving the problem of herbicide residues in soil with promising safety.
作者机构：
[Liang, Zhanning; Su, Zhaohong; Yu, Xia; Luo, Jian; Su, ZH; Yang, Min; Hu, Shiyu; Cheng, Cong; Peng, Yi] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Lei; Yang, L] Hunan Zhongyan Ind Co Ltd, Changsha 410082, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Yan] Hunan Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Changsha 410082, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yang, L ; Su, ZH ; Zhao, Y ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Zhongyan Ind Co Ltd, Changsha 410082, Peoples R China.;Hunan Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Changsha 410082, Peoples R China.
摘要：
A smart portable sensor with ratio and dual-mode for in situ determination of nicotine (NIC) in tobacco leaves was reported. Activated screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was used as a sensing platform. Paracetamol (PA) was used as a ratiometric reference. Current and potential dual-signal output was applied as dual-mode. The scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, square-wave voltammetry, and NIC morphological fitting and theoretical calculation were used to study the sensor. Under the amperometric mode, the linear range of NIC is 10– $800 ~\mu $ mol/L, and the detection limit is $1.72 ~\mu $ mol/L (S/N = 3). And under the potential mode, the linear range of NIC is 10– $500 ~\mu $ mol/L, and the detection limit is $0.02 ~\mu $ mol/L (S/N = 3). In addition, the proposed sensor has been applied to in situ determination of NIC in tobacco leaves with acceptable relative derivation ranging from 5.04% to 7.63% between the sensor and high-performance liquid chromatography.
期刊：
Journal of Materials Chemistry C,2024年12(9):3272-3279 ISSN：2050-7526
通讯作者：
Zhang, Sijin;Mao, X;Zhang, SJ
作者机构：
[Mao, Xia; Yin, Jiamai; Ouyang, Sha; Zhou, Zhi; Zhang, SJ; Su, Liujuan; Zhang, Sijin] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, SJ; Zhang, Sijin; Yao, Maohai; Wang, Guichao] Hunan Rare Earth Met Mat Res Inst Co Ltd, 108 Longyuan 2nd Rd,Longping High Tech Pk, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Mao, Xia; Yin, Jiamai; Ouyang, Sha; Zhou, Zhi; Su, Liujuan; Yang, Jiayi] Hunan Opt Agr Engn Technol Res Ctr, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Jiayi] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Molokeev, Maxim S.] Fed Res Ctr KSC SB, RAS, Lab Crystal Phys, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
通讯机构：
[Mao, X ; Zhang, SJ ; Zhang, SJ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Rare Earth Met Mat Res Inst Co Ltd, 108 Longyuan 2nd Rd,Longping High Tech Pk, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Opt Agr Engn Technol Res Ctr, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Phytochrome PFR plays a key role in plant photomorphogenesis, and its perception of far-red light is essential, but how to obtain an efficient far-red phosphor to achieve accurate light filling remains a huge challenge. In this study, Gd1-y-zAl3-x(BO3)4:xCr3+,yLu3+,zSm3+ (GAB:xCr3+,yLu3+,zSm3+) series phosphors were synthesized by a high-temperature solid-state method. By doping Lu3+, the emission intensity of Cr3+ could increase as high as 20%. With the introduction of Sm3+, the emission intensity of Cr3+ was further increased by 29%. Particularly, the emission spectra can be tuned by varying the concentration ratio of Sm3+ and Cr3+, more suitable for the absorption spectrum of PFR. Moreover, the internal quantum yield and external quantum yield of GL0.1AB:0.03Cr3+ and GL0.1AB:0.03Cr3+,0.003Sm3+ were 83.1% and 24.7% and 78.1% and 26.3%, respectively. There were high anti-thermal quenching properties in the prepared phosphors at 423 K, with 107.6% (GAB:0.03Cr3+), 103.1% (GL0.1AB:0.03Cr3+), and 102.7% (GL0.1AB:0.003Sm3+,0.03Cr3+). Finally, the phosphors were made into pc-LED devices, which can realize the adjustable orange-red and far-red luminescence and meet the needs of plant lighting applications. In the light-regulated plant growth experiment, compared with the control group, far-red light promoted root growth in plants, confirming the application potential of the prepared phosphors in indoor plant cultivation. Structural modification and spectral optimization of luminescence characteristics of far-red phosphors for plant growth.
摘要：
The primary objective of rapeseed breeding is to enhance oil content, which is predominantly influenced by environmental factors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of these environmental factors on oil accumulation remain inadequately elucidated. In this study, we used transcriptome data from two higher (HOC) and two lower oil content (LOC) inbred lines at 35 days after pollination (DAP) to investigate genes exhibiting stable expression across three different environments. Meanwhile, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was utilized to detect candidate genes exhibiting significant associations with seed oil content across three distinct environments. The study found a total of 405 stable differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 25 involved in lipid/fatty acid metabolism and 14 classified as transcription factors. Among these genes, BnBZIP10-A09, BnMYB61-A06, BnAPA1-A08, BnPAS2-A10, BnLCAT3-C05 and BnKASIII-C09 were also found to exhibit significant associations with oil content across multiple different environments based on GWAS of 50 re-sequenced semi-winter rapeseed inbred lines and previously reported intervals. Otherwise, we revealed the presence of additive effects among BnBZIP10-A09, BnKASIII-C09, BnPAS2-A10 and BnAPA1-A08, resulting in a significant increase in seed oil content. Meanwhile, the majority of these stable DEGs are interconnected either directly or indirectly through co-expression network analysis, thereby giving rise to an elaborate molecular network implicated in the potential regulation of seed oil accumulation and stability. The combination of transcription and GWAS revealed that natural variation in six environment-insensitive gene regions exhibited significant correlations with seed oil content phenotypes. These results provide important molecular marker information for us to further improve oil content accumulation and stability in rapeseed.
摘要：
Peanut is a leguminous crop with an indeterminate growth habit that will continuously flower during the entire reproductive development stage. Flowering redundancy adversely affects the yield and quality of peanut. In this study, eight flowering and five yield-related traits were collected and comprehensively evaluated from a diverse germplasm panel consisting of 232 peanut accessions, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for improving the flowering habit and yield for future peanut breeding efforts. As a result, large phenotypic diversity was observed in 13 traits. Most of the traits suggested high heritability, except high effective flowering duration (HEFD), days to 100% flower cessation (DTC100), and yield per plant (YPP). Days to 90% flower cessation (DTC90), days to DTC100, flowering duration (FD), and low effective flowering duration (LEFD) showed significant negative correlations with 100-seed weight, 100-pod weight, YPP, average weight per pod, and shelling percentage. Principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that flowering redundancy traits as well as yield-related traits contributed more to the first three PCs when compared to other traits. This study addresses the lack of peanut flowering phenotypic and genetic diversity and lays the foundation for in-depth research on redundancy-related genes in peanut flowering.
通讯机构：
[Wang, JL ; Li, L ] H;Hunan Univ, Coll Biol, Longping Branch, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Hybrid Rice Res Ctr, State Key Lab Hybrid Rice, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Rice;Heading date;RNA-seq;OsL1;Hd1-Hd3a
摘要：
Heading date is one of the important agronomic traits that affects rice yield. In this study, we cloned a new rice B3 family gene, OsL1, which regulates rice heading date. Importantly, osl1-1 and osl1-2, two different types of mutants of OsL1 were created using the gene editing technology CRISPR/Cas9 system and exhibited 4 days earlier heading date than that of the wild type under short-day conditions. Subsequently, the plants overexpressing OsL1, OE-OsL1, showed a 2-day later heading date than the wild type in Changsha and a 5-day later heading date in Lingshui, but there was no significant difference in other yield traits. Moreover, the results of subcellular localization study indicated that OsL1 protein was located in the nucleus and the expression pattern analysis showed that OsL1 gene was expressed in rice roots, stems, leaves, and panicles, and the expression level was higher at the root and weak green panicle. In addition, the OsL1 gene was mainly expressed at night time under short-light conditions. The transcriptomic analysis indicated that OsL1 might be involved in the Hd1-Hd3a pathway function. Together, our results revealed that the cloning and functional analysis of OsL1 can provide new strategy for molecular design breeding of rice with suitable fertility period.
摘要：
Seed storability has a significant impact on seed vitality and is a crucial genetic factor in maintaining seed value during storage. In this study, RNA sequencing was used to analyze the seed transcriptomes of two rice thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines, S1146S (storage-tolerant) and SD26S (storage-susceptible), with 0 and 7 days of artificial accelerated aging treatment. In total, 2658 and 1523 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in S1146S and SD26S, respectively. Among these DEGs, 729 (G1) exhibited similar regulation patterns in both lines, while 1924 DEGs (G2) were specific to S1146S, 789 DEGs (G3) were specific to SD26S, and 5 DEGs (G4) were specific to contrary differential expression levels. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that “translation”, “ribosome”, “oxidative phosphorylation”, “ATP-dependent activity”, “intracellular protein transport”, and “regulation of DNA-templated transcription” were significantly enriched during seed aging. Several genes, like Os01g0971400, Os01g0937200, Os03g0276500, Os05g0328632, and Os07g0214300, associated with seed storability were identified in G4. Core genes Os03g0100100 (OsPMEI12), Os03g0320900 (V2), Os02g0494000, Os02g0152800, and Os03g0710500 (OsBiP2) were identified in protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks. Seed vitality genes, MKKK62 (Os01g0699600), OsFbx352 (Os10g0127900), FSE6 (Os05g0540000), and RAmy3E (Os08g0473600), related to seed storability were identified. Overall, these results provide novel perspectives for studying the molecular response and related genes of different-storability rice TGMS lines under artificial aging conditions. They also provide new ideas for studying the storability of hybrid rice.
摘要：
Super high-yielding rice (SHYR) (>15 t ha(-1)) plays a crucial role in global food production and security. We hypothesized that the external environment of different ecological regions could improve biomass accumulation in different periods and thus increase the rice yield. Two SHYR varieties, i.e., Xiangliangyou900 (XLY900) and Yliangyou900 (YLY900), were cultivated in the YONGSHENG and LONGHUI ecoregions, China. The results indicated that the average yield of the two SHYRs in the LONGHUI ecological region was 15.27-15.45 t ha(-1) and 18.81-20.10 t ha(-1) in YONGSHENG. The high grain yield in the YONGSHENG ecoregion was mainly due to the increased number of spikelets per panicle, crop growth rate, and total biomass during the transplanting-heading stage (TP-HS) and heading-maturity stage (HS-MS), and harvest index. The yield of SHYR was significantly correlated with external environment conditions, i.e., average minimum temperature, average daytime, and night-time temperature, and average daily temperature at the TP-HS, HS-MS, and transplanting-maturity (TP-MS) stages. The rice yield was significantly and positively correlated with the cumulative daily radiation. Therefore, it can be concluded that the final yield of super high-yield rice is closely related to the utilization of temperature and radiation resources during the growth process in the ecological environment.
摘要：
INTRODUCTION: The APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily plays a significant role in regulating plant gene expression in response to growth and development. To date, there have been no studies into whether the ramie AP2/ERF genes are involved in the regulation of flower development. METHODS: Here, 84 BnAP2/ERF members were identified from the ramie genome database, and various bioinformatics data on the AP2/ERF gene family, structure, replication, promoters and regulatory networks were analysed. BnAP2-12 was transferred into Arabidopsis through the flower-dipping method. RESULTS: Phylogenetic analysis classified the 84 BnAP2/ERF members into four subfamilies: AP2 (18), RAV (3), ERF (42), and DREB (21). The functional domain analysis of genes revealed 10 conserved motifs. Genetic mapping localised the 84 members on 14 chromosomes, among which chromosomes 1, 3, 5, and 8 had more members. Collinearity analysis revealed that 43.37% possibly resulted from replication events during the evolution of the ramie genome. Promoter sequence analysis identified classified cis-acting elements associated with plant growth and development, and responses to stress, hormones, and light. Transcriptomic comparison identified 3,635 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between male and female flowers (1,803 and 1,832 upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively). Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis categorised DEGs involved in metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis further identified enriched genes associated with pollen and female gamete formations. Of the 84 BnAP2/ERFs genes, 22 and 8 upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively, were present in female flowers. Co-expression network analysis identified AP2/ERF members associated with flower development, including BnAP2-12. Subcellular localisation analysis showed that the BnAP2-12 protein is localised in the nucleus and cell membrane. Overexpression BnAP2-12 delayed the flowering time of Arabidopsis thaliana. CONCLUSION: These findings provide insights into the mechanism of ramie flower development.
摘要：
Nitrogen and brassinosteroids (BRs) play a vital role in modulating the growth, development, and yield of rice. However, the influences of BRs on nitrogen assimilation and metabolism in rice are not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the impact of BRs on nitrogen utilization in rice using the indica variety 'Zhongjiazao 17' and the japonica variety 'Nipponbare' in hydroponic conditions. The results showed that BR treatment could efficiently elevate nitrate and ammonium nitrogen accumulation in both shoots and roots. Furthermore, some genes involved in the uptake of nitrate and ammonium in roots were stimulated by BRs, though we noted subtle variances between the two rice cultivars. Moreover, BRs augmented the activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) in roots, along with NR in shoots. Interestingly, BRs also spiked the total free amino acid content in both the shoots and roots. Gene expression analysis uncovered a robust induction by BRs of NR genes and GS-related genes in the roots of both 'Nipponbare' and 'Zhongjiazao 17'. Collectively, our data suggest that BRs significantly enhance the accumulation of both nitrate and ammonium in rice and trigger a series of reactions related to nitrogen utilization.
作者机构：
[Gai, Shujie; Zhou, Zhi] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Xia, Mao; Zhang, Ye; Xia, M; Tang, Chengzhu; Gai, Shujie; Zhao, Yuanyuan; Wei, Jiaqi; Zhou, Zhi; Chen, Ke; Gao, Peixin] Hunan Opt Agr Engn Technol Res Ctr, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Xia, Mao; Zhang, Ye; Xia, M; Zhao, Yuanyuan; Wei, Jiaqi; Zhou, Zhi; Chen, Ke; Gao, Peixin] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Tang, Chengzhu; Zhou, Zhi] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Molokeev, Maxim S.] Univ Tyumen, World Class Res Ctr Adv Digital Technol, Tyumen 625003, Russia.
通讯机构：
[Xia, M; Zhou, Z ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Opt Agr Engn Technol Res Ctr, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Bi3+-activated phosphors;full-spectrum WLED;plant fill light;quantum efficiency
摘要：
A blue‐emitting phosphor CaGdGaO4:0.005Bi3+ with high IQE of 93.7% and EQE of 70.5% is synthesized. The high thermal stability of 80.1% (@ 150 °C) is achieved. The blue and red dual‐emitting are achieved by co‐doping activators. The blue‐emitting can efficiently enhance the photosynthesis and seeding index of rice. These phosphors are promising for full‐spectrum WLED and plant fill light. Abstract Since Bi3+‐activated phosphor are widely reported in phosphors‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs), developing new‐high efficiency phosphors is imperative. Herein, superior internal quantum efficiency (IQE = 93.7%) and external quantum efficiency (EQE = 70.5%) are achieved with blue‐emitting gallate phosphor CaGdGaO4:Bi3+. Particularly, the photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectrum ranges from 200 to 400 nm with two peaks at 337 and 368 nm, which match well with the 365 nm near ultraviolet (n‐UV) chip. The blue emission is attributed to two luminescence centers caused by Bi3+ occupying GdO6 and CaO6 sites. Furthermore, the thermal stability (@ 150 °C) enhanced from 73.2% to 80.1% when Ca2+ doping. A white LED (WLED) with high color rendering index (Ra) of 93.8 is prepared by as‐synthesized phosphors, indicating the potential application in WLED. The blue and red dual‐emitting phosphors are achieved by co‐doping Bi3+ and Eu3+. Finally, the rice planting experiment presents that the blue‐emitting can efficiently enhance the photosynthesis and seeding index of rice, which indicated these phosphors have significance in plant fill light.
摘要：
In the context of carbon neutrality, promoting resource utilization of industrial alkali lignin addressing heavy metal pollution is crucial for China's pollution alleviation and carbon reduction. Microwave pyrolysis produced functionalized biochar from industrial alkali lignin for Ni(II) adsorption. LB400 achieved 343.15 mg g(-1) saturated adsorption capacity in 30 min. Pseudo-second-order kinetic and Temkin isotherm models accurately described the adsorption, which was endothermic and spontaneous (Delta G(theta) < 0, Delta H-theta > 0). Quantitative analysis revealed that both dissolved substances and carbon skeleton from biochar contributed to adsorption, with the former predominates (93.76%), including mineral precipitation NiCO3 (Q(p)) and adsorption of dissolved organic matter (Q(DOM)). Surface complexation (Qc) and ion exchange (Qi) on the carbon skeleton accounted for 6.3%. Higher biochar preparation temperature reduced Ni(II) adsorption by dissolved substances. Overall, biochar which comes from the advantageous disposal of industrial lignin effectively removes Ni(II) contamination, encouraging ecologically sound treatment of heavy metal pollution and sustainable resource utilization.
期刊：
Journal of Environmental Management,2024年352:119851 ISSN：0301-4797
通讯作者：
Zhu, ML
作者机构：
[Xu, Junbing] Minjiang Univ, NewHuadu Business Sch, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, Peoples R China.;[Zhu, Minling] Hunan Agr Univ, Econ Coll, Changsha City, Hunan Province, Peoples R China.;[Zhan, Shaoguo] Chinese Acad Social Sci, Inst Chinese Borderland Studies, Beijing City, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Junbing] Area 1,200,Xiyuangong Rd, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, Peoples R China.;[Zhu, Minling] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Room 219,North 10th Teaching Bldg,1 Yuanda Rd, Changsha City 410125, Hunan Province, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhu, ML ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Econ Coll, Changsha City, Hunan Province, Peoples R China.
摘要：
With global warming, cities are vulnerable to extreme weather, increasing the climate risk to cities worldwide. Although existing literature has examined the ex-post impacts of extreme weather, it is less clear how climate risk affects cites before extreme weather occur. To lower the risk of urban waterlogging, which is caused by extreme weather, and improve the ability of cities to adapt to extreme weather, China launched the Sponge City Project (SCP) in 2013 to manage the urban stormwater and waterlogging. Adopting the SCP pilot in China as a quasi-natural experiment, we examine the impact of the climate risk caused by urban stormwater and waterlogging on the house price with the difference-in-differences (DID) method. We find that after implementing the SCP pilot program, the house price in pilot cities increased significantly because of the improvement in cities' resilience to climate risk. Additionally, this effect was only demonstrated in cities with a high waterlogging risk. For SCP pilot cities with lower waterlogging risk, the house price is not significantly affected by SCP implementation. This indicates that the house price in China is sensitive to the climate risk caused by the urban stormwater and waterlogging. Our findings also contribute to the understanding of the significance of the climate risk management, and provided theoretical evidence for urban governance.
摘要：
Heavy metal (HM) contamination poses a serious threat to safe crop production and human health, and different maize inbred lines respond differently to cadmium (Cd) stress. However, the morphological and physiological characteristics of maize inbred lines seedlings are not clear under Cd stress. In this study, we analyzed the agronomic traits and physiological and biochemical indices of inbred maize seedlings under Cd stress in the seedling stage using the inbred lines Kui3, CML118, Mo17, B73, and B77 as the materials. These five inbred maizes were treated with five different concentrations of Cd (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 mg L-1, respectively) were applied and the indices of the maize seedlings determined on day 15. The aboveground and belowground biomass of five maize inbred lines seedlings showed a decreasing trend under Cd stress. Leaf relative water content and SPAD values also decreased, but the overall decrease in relative water content was small, and the differences were not significant. Surprisingly, Cd stress affected the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), leading to enhanced mem-brane lipid peroxidation. The cadmium content varied greatly between varieties under Cd stress, but all of them had lower Cd content above ground than below ground, and the varieties with the highest and lowest transfer coefficients were Mo17 (0.33-0.83) and B73 (0.06-0.44), respectively. Kui3 had the greatest difference in soluble protein content under Cd stress, which showed a de-creasing trend, and the soluble sugar content was significantly decreased in general compared to that of CK. The soluble sugar content was higher than CK under Cd treatment, and the proline content of the maize seedlings of all of the inbred lines showed an increasing trend compared to CK. Overall, there were significant genotypic differences in the Cd stress response to Cd toxicity in the maize inbred lines seedlings, and, in general, this study helps us to understand the mechanism of maize inbred lines seedlings response to Cd stress. It provides a theoretical basis for the se-lection and breeding of varieties, and food safety.
关键词：
rice cadmium;nitrogen fertilizer;Fe plaque;cell wall;available Cd
摘要：
Soil contamination by cadmium (Cd) has presented a major challenge in China. The objective of the field experiments in this study was to examine the influence of nitrogen fertilizer application at the full heading and milky stages on minimizing the absorption of Cd in rice. This was achieved by affecting the distribution of Cd in root plaques and subcellular compartments of the root and flag leaf. The hydroponic culture experiments aimed to examine the effect of nitrogen and Cd interaction or deficiency on Cd accumulation in rice during the late growth stage. The findings revealed that adequate nitrogen supply during the early growth stage, coupled with nitrogen application during the full heading and milky stages, led to a notable increase in Fe concentration in the root plaques during the milk and mature stages. Furthermore, it elevated the Cd proportion in the soluble fraction of the flag leaves at the milky stage. Conversely, nitrogen deficiency during the early growth stage resulted in a significant increase in Fe concentration in the root plaques, along with a decrease in Cd concentration. Additionally, the proportion of Cd in the flag leaf cell walls increased significantly, while the proportion in the soluble fraction decreased notably. Irrespective of nitrogen supply during the early growth stage, applying nitrogen at the full heading stage significantly reduced Cd transport from shoots to brown rice, leading to a considerable reduction in the Cd concentration in brown rice. Under hydroponic culture conditions, combined Cd exposure with nitrogen supply significantly increased the Cd concentration in brown rice. Nitrogen supply had no impact on the Cd concentration in brown rice in the absence of Cd. The study showed that applying nitrogen fertilizer at the full heading stage effectively decreased the brown rice Cd concentration. This was achieved by elevating the concentration of Fe in the root plaque, thereby influencing the adsorption of Cd by the roots. Additionally, nitrogen application at the full heading stage can influence the distribution of Cd in flag leaf cells during the filling stage. Ensuring ample nitrogen supply in the early stage of rice growth is crucial, and nitrogen application at the full heading stage can effectively reduce the Cd concentration in brown rice.
摘要：
Low temperatures during the grain-filling phase have a detrimental effect on both the yield and quality of rice grains. However, the specific repercussions of low temperatures during this critical growth stage on grain quality and mineral nutrient composition in high-quality hybrid indica rice varieties have remained largely unexplored. The present study address this knowledge gap by subjecting eight high-quality indica rice varieties to two distinct temperature regimes: low temperature (19 degrees C/15 degrees C, day/night) and control temperature (28 degrees C/22 degrees C) during their grain-filling phase, and a comprehensive analysis of various quality traits, with a particular focus on mineral nutrients and their interrelationships were explored. Exposure of rice plants to low temperatures during early grain filling significantly impacts the physicochemical and nutritional properties. Specifically, low temperature increases the chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree, while decreases starch and amylopectin content, with varying effects on amylose, protein, and gelatinization temperature among rice varieties. Furthermore, crucial parameters like gelatinization enthalpy (Delta H), gelatinization temperature range (R), and peak height index (PHI) all significantly declined in response to low temperature. These detrimental effects extend to rice flour pasting properties, resulting in reduced breakdown, peak, trough, and final viscosities, along with increased setback. Notably, low temperature also had a significant impact on the mineral nutrient contents of brown rice, although the extent of this impact varied among different elements and rice varieties. A positive correlation is observed between brown rice mineral nutrient content and factors such as chalkiness, gelatinization temperature, peak viscosity, and breakdown, while a negative correlation is established with amylose content and setback. Moreover, positive correlations emerge among the mineral nutrient contents themselves, and these relationships are further accentuated in the context of low-temperature conditions. Therefore, enhancing mineral nutrient content and increasing rice plant resistance to chilling stress should be the focus of breeding efforts to improve rice quality.
摘要：
The search for cost-effective, high-performance catalysts is crucial in catalytic co -pyrolysis. Different Fe-Mo@X catalysts (X = Al2O3, MgO) and reaction temperatures (600 degrees C, 700 degrees C, 800 degrees C, 900 degrees C) were tested to optimize hydrogen production and carbon quality while also exploring CNTs degradation performance. The results indicate that both catalyst type and operating parameters are highly dependent on the growth of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen. The FeMo@Al2O3 catalyst exhibits superior catalytic activity attributed to its more abundant mesoporous structure and higher specific surface area. Specifically, FeMo@Al2O3 achieved the highest yield of carbon nanotubes (84.42%) at 700 degrees C, and attained the maximum hydrogen yield (49.57%) at 900 degrees C. However, the CNTs synthesized from FeMo@MgO exhibited fewer defects, higher graphitization degree and purity (Raman and TPO). CNTs/MgO significantly enhanced the degradation efficiency of Clothianidin by virtue of their superior electron transport properties and chemical bonding between MgO and CNTs.
