通讯机构：
[Xi He; Zhiyong Fan] E;Engineering Research Center for Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, 410128, China<&wdkj&>Engineering Research Center for Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, 410128, China
关键词：
Sow;Isomaltooligosaccharide;Bacillus;Perinatal period;Duration of farrowing;Gut microbiota
摘要：
This study investigated the effects of isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) and Bacillus in perinatal diets on the duration of farrowing and post-weaning estrus, serum reproductive hormone concentrations, and gut microbiota and its metabolites of sows. Multiparous sows (n = 130) were fed diets without IMO (control, CON group), or diets containing only IMO (IMO group), IMO and Bacillus subtilis (IMOS group), IMO and Bacillus licheniformis (IMOL group), and IMO and B. subtilis and B. licheniformis (IMOSL group), respectively. The results indicate that the duration of farrowing and post-weaning estrus was shorter in sows in the IMOS, IMOL, and IMOSL groups, and the weaning-estrous interval was lower in sows in the IMOL greoup. In addition, the lowest fecal score was observed in the IMOL group during d 106 to 112 of gestation. Sows in most of the treatment groups had a higher concentration of serum prolactin and prostaglandin at farrowing, but a lower serum concentration of estradiol, oxytocin, and progesterone on d 18 of lactation than sows in the CON group. The treatment groups had a higher abundance of Candidatus Methanoplasma and Bacillus and a lower abundance of Escherichia-Shigella in their feces at farrowing. Furthermore, the treatment groups had higher concentrations of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in feces at farrowing and a higher concentration of branched fatty acids in feces on d 18 of lactation. Furthermore, the abundance of Bacillus in feces was positively correlated with serum prostaglandin concentrations and fecal total SCFA of sows at farrowing, but was negatively correlated with the duration of farrowing. Overall, dietary IMO and Bacillus supplementation affected the concentration of serum reproductive hormones and the duration of farrowing and post-weaning estrus, and the gut microbiota is a key factor.
作者机构：
湖南农业大学中兽药湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410128;湖南农业大学动物医学院,湖南长沙410128;湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院,湖南长沙410128;[Zeng J.-G.; 刘梦婷; 杨子辉; 徐嘉欣] Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;[李振; 景一丹; 刘秀斌] Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Zeng, J.-G.] H;[Zeng, J.-G.] C;Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, China;College of Veterinary Medicine, China
作者机构：
[黄丽琴; 唐启源; 李松桥] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;[闫景彩; 袁振中; 唐晶] College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Yan, J.-C.; Tang, Q.-Y.] C;College of Agronomy, China;College of Animal Science and Technology, China
作者机构：
[肖调义] Laboratory of Hydrobiology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;Huai’an Research Center, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China;[宋锐] Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha, 410153, China
通讯机构：
[Zhang, J.-Y.] H;Huai’an Research Center, China
关键词：
水生微孢子虫;摇蚊幼虫;萨梅诺娃新佩雷斯虫;分类学;新记录
摘要：
研究报道了中国首例摇蚊微孢子虫,结合各发育阶段形态特征、生态学特征及分子特征,鉴定其为萨梅诺娃新佩雷斯虫Neoperezia semenovaiae Issi, et al. 2012,系我国新记录。萨梅诺娃新佩雷斯虫寄生于羽摇蚊幼虫脂肪体组织,导致其体表呈白浊状。成熟孢子呈卵圆形,孢子长（5.7±0.2）μm （5.3—6.3μm）,宽（3.7±0.1）μm（3.4—4.0μm）。透射电镜观察显示各发育阶段均为离核,发育不同步,与宿主细胞质直接接触。早期发育阶段为高电子密度的多核裂殖体阶段,经原生质团分裂形成单核或多核产孢体,进一步发育为单核孢子母细胞。孢子母细胞形状不规则,周围被内质网环绕,并逐渐形成微孢子虫的典型结构如极丝、极质体和三层孢壁等。成熟孢子卵圆形,离核,细胞核较大,位于孢子正中央,被大量核糖体包围。极质体分为两部分,前半部分为海绵状,后半部分薄膜状。锚状盘位于孢子前端,呈蘑菇状。孢壁三层,外层为高电子密度层,厚26.5—62.7 nm,中间层为电子透明层,厚151.8—236.1 nm,里层为质膜层。同型极丝, 30—31圈,分2—3列排列。扩增获得其小核糖体序列为1356 bp,序列比较发现其与俄罗斯列宁格勒区羽摇蚊的N. semenovaiae相似性为99.1%。系统发育关系分析表明N. semonovaiae与Neoperezia、Bryonosema、Schroedera属种类聚为一独立进化枝, N. semonovaiae种群出现明显的地理分化。
摘要：
Dietary fiber (DF), divided into soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), has attracted increasing attention in the field of pig nutrition. Although DF reduces nutrient digestibility and inhibits energy deposition in most cases, fiber-rich feeds have been widely used in pig diets. This is not only because of lower feed costs, but also from the continuous discovery about the nutritional value of DF, mainly including the improvement of piglet intestinal health and sow reproductive performance. The addition timing has also been further considered, which potentially enables the nutritional value of DF to be accurately used in applicable pig models. Furthermore, fiber degrading enzymes have been shown to alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of DF and have ensured the improvement effect of fiber on intestinal health in young piglet models. However, the regulatory effect of fiber on pork quality is still unclear, which requires consideration of the wide range of fiber sources and the complexity of the basic diet composition, as well as the impact of pig breeds. Taken together, future research needs to gain more insight into the combined effects of SDF and IDF, processing methods, and addition timing to improve the nutritional value of DF, and further explore the physiological functions and regulatory mechanisms of DF fermentation products short-chain fatty acids in pigs.
通讯机构：
[Fengna Li] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha 410125, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China<&wdkj&>National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China<&wdkj&>Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
摘要：
The objective of the study is to evaluate and compare the effects of betaine or glycine on carcass trait, meat quality and lipid metabolism of finishing Huan Jiang mini-pigs. Betaine called trimethylglycine is a methyl derivative of glycine, but few researches were conducted to compare the impact of dietary betaine and glycine on pigs. One hundred and forty-four Huan Jiang mini-pigs (body weight = 10.55 +/- 0.15 kg; 70 d) were randomly divided to 3 treatment groups (basal diet, glycine or betaine). Results indicated that dietary betaine increased the average daily gain (ADG) and final weight (P < 0.05). Dietary glycine or betaine markedly reduced average backfat thickness (P < 0.05) and heightened lean percentage (P < 0.01) compared to the control group. Moreover, in comparison with the control group, betaine significantly improved the redness (a*) and tenderness (shear force) of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle (P < 0.05), whereas glycine only raised the value of a* of the LD muscle (P < 0.05). These results showed that diet supplemented with 0.25% betaine and equimolar amounts of glycine could regulate cascass trait and meat quality of finishing Huan Jiang mini-pigs, and the effect of betaine was superior to that of glycine. (C) 2021 Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.
作者机构：
[Wang, Jing] Hunan Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hunan Int Joint Lab Anim Intestinal Ecol & Hlth, Lab Anim Nutr & Human Hlth, Changsha 410081, Peoples R China.;[Tan, Bie; Xiao, Yuxin; Wang, Jing] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Tan, Bie; Li, Jianjun; Xiao, Yuxin; Qi, Ming; Wang, Jing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Lab Anim Nutr Physiol & Metab Proc, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg,Natl Engn Lab P, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Qi, Ming] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 10008, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Bie Tan] C;College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
摘要：
The study was to investigate the effect of early-weaning stress and proline (Pro) and putrescine (Put) supplementations on serum biochemical parameters and amino acids (AA) metabolism in suckling and post-weaning pigs. Blood and small intestinal mucosa were harvested from suckling piglets at 1, 7, 14, and 21 d of age and piglets on d 1, 3, 5, and 7 after weaning at 14 d of age, as well as from piglets received oral administration of Pro and Put from 1 to 14 d old. In suckling piglets, the serum glucose, albumin and total cholesterol levels were increased (P < 0.05) with increasing age, whereas the serum globulin, urea nitrogen (BUN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were lowered (P < 0.05). The concentrations of most serum AA and the AA transporters related gene expressions were highest in 7-d-old piglets (P < 0.05), whereas the phosphorylation status of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in the small intestine increased in piglets from 1 to 21 d old (P < 0.05). Weaning at 14 d old increased (P < 0.05) the BUN and triglycerides levels in serum, as well as jejunal solute carrier family 7 member 6 (SLC7A6), ileal SLC36A1 and SLC1A1 mRNA abundances at d 1 or 3 post-weaning. Weaning also inhibited (P < 0.05) the phosphorylation levels of mTOR and its downstream ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and 4E-binding protein-1 (4EBP1) in the small intestine of weanling pigs. Oral administration of Put and Pro decreased (P < 0.05) serum ALP levels and increased (P < 0.05) intestinal SLC36A1 and SLC1A1 mRNA abundances and mTOR pathway phosphorylation levels in post-weaning pigs. Pro but not Put treatment enhanced (P < 0.05) serum Pro, arginine (Arg) and glutamine (Gln) concentrations of weaning-pigs. These findings indicated that early-weaning dramatically altered the biochemical blood metabolites, AA profile and intestinal mTOR pathway activity, and Pro and Put supplementations improved the AA metabolism and transportation as well as activated the intestinal mTOR pathway in weanling-pigs. Our study has an important implication for the broad application of Pro and Put in the weaning transition of piglets.
