摘要：
Introduction: Impaired intestinal immune function is commonly observed in neonates with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), yet its underlying mechanisms and regulatory pathways remain poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigate gene regulatory patterns and microbiota alterations in IUGR piglets.<&wdkj&>Methods: Three newborn IUGR piglets and three normal littermates were selected from the same sow and sacrificed at seven days of age. Ileal digesta was collected for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (16S-seq), and ileum segments were dissociated for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).<&wdkj&>Results: The scRNA-seq results revealed a reduced proportion of plasma B cells in IUGR piglets, along with alterations in the distribution of various T cell subsets. KEGG pathway analysis further indicated a downregulation of the B cell receptor signaling pathway in B cells from IUGR piglets. In contrast, both the T cell receptor signaling pathway and antigen processing and presentation were attenuated in T cells. Pseudotime trajectory analysis suggested that the differentiation of B cells was impaired in IUGR piglets. SCENIC analysis revealed that GATA3, IRF2, and BCL11A were downregulated in T cells of IUGR piglets. The 16S-seq results revealed that α-diversity was lower in IUGR piglets. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Prevotella was significantly lower in IUGR piglets.<&wdkj&>Discussion: Significant changes were identified in the proportions of B and T cells, their associated signaling pathways, and intestinal microbiota composition in IUGR piglets, suggesting underlying immune dysfunction and dysbiosis.<&wdkj&>Conclusion: We identified novel immune-related transcription factors and key microbes as potential therapeutic targets, shedding light on strategies for preventing and treating IUGR.
期刊：
Postharvest Biology and Technology,2026年232:113965 ISSN：0925-5214
通讯作者：
Chen Zhang
作者机构：
[Xiaoyu Tan; Quanzhi Wang; Enmei Hu] School of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212400, China;National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China;College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China;[Yuhua Xie] School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou, Guangxi 542899, China;[Xuehui Li] College of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan 473061, China
通讯机构：
[Chen Zhang] C;College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
摘要：
Chilling exposure of tomato, especially at early ripening stage, would impact flavor quality in the red fruit; nevertheless, the molecular mechanism beneath such phenomenon has not been fully clarified until recently. In this study, ethylene evolution and thus ripening process of ‘FL 47’ tomato was suppressed after 5 ℃ exposure at mature green stage for 4 d. And the suppressed ethylene abundance was associated with the downregulated gene ( SlACO1 , SlACS2 / 4 , SlETR3/4/7 , SlEIN2 , SlEIL1 , SlEBF1/2 , and SlERF1 ) expression profiles, enzyme (ACO and ACS) activities, and ACC production in its biosynthesis & signaling transduction pathways. Additionally, the formation of TSS, glucose, fructose, and 13 key volatiles were suppressed by low-temperature treatment, while sucrose, TA, malate, citrate, and MeSA were enhanced, causing the negative impact on flavor profile. And the these quality changes were associated with the alternations of substrate (linoleic and linolenic acids, phytoene, phytofluene, trans -lycopene, γ-carotenoid, β-carotenoid, (iso)leucine, phenylalanine, salicylate (SA)) production, enzyme (SPS, A/NI, VI, PEPCK, IDH, NADP-ME, NADP-MDH, PEPC, LOX, HPL, PAL) activities, and gene ( SlSPSA2 / B / C , SlSUS4 /6, SlA/NI1 , SlVI , SlVIF , SlIDH3 , SlNADP-MDH , SlPEPC3 , SlNADP-ME2 , SlPEPCK1 , SlLOXC , Sl13-HPL , SlPSY1 , SlCCD1A/B , SlBCAT1 , SlAADC1A / B , SlAADC2 , SlPAR1/2 , SlICS , SlPAL4 , SlSAMT1 ) expression profiles in their metabolic pathways. Further study explored that ethylene and SAs played an antagonistic role in fruit ripening and then flavor metabolism. Taken together, our study implied that chilling exposure at mature green stage impacted flavor quality in the red fruit via regulating the crosstalk between ethylene and SAs metabolism.
Chilling exposure of tomato, especially at early ripening stage, would impact flavor quality in the red fruit; nevertheless, the molecular mechanism beneath such phenomenon has not been fully clarified until recently. In this study, ethylene evolution and thus ripening process of ‘FL 47’ tomato was suppressed after 5 ℃ exposure at mature green stage for 4 d. And the suppressed ethylene abundance was associated with the downregulated gene ( SlACO1 , SlACS2 / 4 , SlETR3/4/7 , SlEIN2 , SlEIL1 , SlEBF1/2 , and SlERF1 ) expression profiles, enzyme (ACO and ACS) activities, and ACC production in its biosynthesis & signaling transduction pathways. Additionally, the formation of TSS, glucose, fructose, and 13 key volatiles were suppressed by low-temperature treatment, while sucrose, TA, malate, citrate, and MeSA were enhanced, causing the negative impact on flavor profile. And the these quality changes were associated with the alternations of substrate (linoleic and linolenic acids, phytoene, phytofluene, trans -lycopene, γ-carotenoid, β-carotenoid, (iso)leucine, phenylalanine, salicylate (SA)) production, enzyme (SPS, A/NI, VI, PEPCK, IDH, NADP-ME, NADP-MDH, PEPC, LOX, HPL, PAL) activities, and gene ( SlSPSA2 / B / C , SlSUS4 /6, SlA/NI1 , SlVI , SlVIF , SlIDH3 , SlNADP-MDH , SlPEPC3 , SlNADP-ME2 , SlPEPCK1 , SlLOXC , Sl13-HPL , SlPSY1 , SlCCD1A/B , SlBCAT1 , SlAADC1A / B , SlAADC2 , SlPAR1/2 , SlICS , SlPAL4 , SlSAMT1 ) expression profiles in their metabolic pathways. Further study explored that ethylene and SAs played an antagonistic role in fruit ripening and then flavor metabolism. Taken together, our study implied that chilling exposure at mature green stage impacted flavor quality in the red fruit via regulating the crosstalk between ethylene and SAs metabolism.
作者机构：
These authors contributed equally to this work.;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Products Quality Regulation of Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China;Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 8900065, Japan;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
通讯机构：
[Chen Zhang; Xiongzhuo Tang] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Products Quality Regulation of Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Products Quality Regulation of Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Yunnan Circular Agricultural Industry, Pu’er 665000, China<&wdkj&>Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230011, China
摘要：
The probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus fermentum ZC529 (L.f ZC529) has been identified from the colon of the Diannan small-ear (DSE) pig, but its intestinal protective function still lacks investigation. Here, we established a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced intestinal oxidative stress model in both Drosophila and porcine small intestinal epithelial (IPEC-J2) cell lines to explore the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of L.f ZC529. The data showed that the intestinal colonization of L.f ZC529 counteracted DSS-induced intestinal oxidative stress and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by activation of the CncC pathway, a homology of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in mammalian systems. Moreover, L.f ZC529 supplementation prevented flies from DSS-induced intestinal barrier damage, inflammation, abnormal excretory function, and shortened lifespan. Finally, L.f ZC529 also attenuated DSS-induced intestinal injury in the IPEC-J2 cell line by activating the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling and inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathways. Together, this study unraveled the profound intestinal protective function of L.f ZC529 and provides its potential application as a new antioxidant in improving animal intestinal health as well as in developing a new probiotic in the food industry.
作者机构：
[Ma, Guoyu; Hu, Jun; Wang, Yunjun; Yuan, Lu; Sun, Yahui] Nanjing Normal Univ, Sch Energy & Mech Engn, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China.;[Cai, Zhongzhen; Zhang, Liang; Chen, Yu; Gao, Qiping] Tongwei Agr Dev Co Ltd, Tongwei Res Inst, Chengdu 610093, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Shusong] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Sun, YH ] N;Nanjing Normal Univ, Sch Energy & Mech Engn, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China.
关键词：
carbon dioxide;Arthrospira;CO2 sequestration;Light availability;Light delivery;Photoautotrophic cultivation;Photobiore-actor;Photobioreactor design;Scale-up;Spirulina;Wastewater purification;biochemistry;biomass;bioreactor;carbon sequestration;cultivation;cyanobacterium;light availability;light use efficiency;photoautotrophy;photosynthesis;physiology;scale effect;Arthrospira;biochemistry;biomass;electric potential;light intensity;nonhuman;pharmaceutics;photobioreactor;photoperiodicity;photosynthesis;purification;review;scale up;Spirulina;synthesis;Cleaner production
摘要：
Spirulina ( Arthrospira ) has been extensively applied in CO 2 biofixation, wastewater purification, and value-added bioproducts preparation. Light availability plays a pivotal role in Spirulina photoautotrophic cultivation, which is primary determined by characteristics of incident light and distribution of light within photobioreactors (PBRs). To clarify the role of light in Spirulina photoautotrophic cultivation, this review first analyzes the processes of light delivery and conversion in suspended PBRs. Then, effects of key light characteristics, including light intensity, spectrum, and photoperiod, on Spirulina growth and intracellular biochemical components synthesis are comprehensively summarized. Recent advancements in innovative PBR designs aimed at enhancing light utilization efficiency and promoting Spirulina growth are also highlighted. Finally, potential future research directions in the field of Spirulina photoautotrophic cultivation are outlined. Overall, this work provides a theoretical foundation and technical guidance for improving Spirulina production and specific target products synthesis from prespectives of light conditions regulation and PBRs design.
Spirulina ( Arthrospira ) has been extensively applied in CO 2 biofixation, wastewater purification, and value-added bioproducts preparation. Light availability plays a pivotal role in Spirulina photoautotrophic cultivation, which is primary determined by characteristics of incident light and distribution of light within photobioreactors (PBRs). To clarify the role of light in Spirulina photoautotrophic cultivation, this review first analyzes the processes of light delivery and conversion in suspended PBRs. Then, effects of key light characteristics, including light intensity, spectrum, and photoperiod, on Spirulina growth and intracellular biochemical components synthesis are comprehensively summarized. Recent advancements in innovative PBR designs aimed at enhancing light utilization efficiency and promoting Spirulina growth are also highlighted. Finally, potential future research directions in the field of Spirulina photoautotrophic cultivation are outlined. Overall, this work provides a theoretical foundation and technical guidance for improving Spirulina production and specific target products synthesis from prespectives of light conditions regulation and PBRs design.
通讯机构：
[Cui, WW ] J;Jilin Univ, Changchun, Peoples R China.
摘要：
We would like to take this opportunity to thank all of Food & Function's reviewers for helping to preserve quality and integrity in chemical science literature. We would also like to highlight the Outstanding Reviewers for Food & Function in 2024.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,2025年13(3):116576 ISSN：2213-2929
通讯作者：
Sun, YH
作者机构：
[Ma, Guoyu; Sun, Yahui; Yuan, Lu; Xiao, Dongdong; Wang, Liuqing] Nanjing Normal Univ, Sch Energy & Mech Engn, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China.;[Cai, Zhongzhen; Zhang, Liang; Chen, Yu; Gao, Qiping] Tongwei Agr Dev Co Ltd, Tongwei Res Inst, Chengdu 610093, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Shusong] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Sun, YH ] N;Nanjing Normal Univ, Sch Energy & Mech Engn, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Biomass;Photobioreactor;Spirulina platensis;LED light bar;Light distribution;Electric energy conversion efficiency
摘要：
Through photosynthesis, microalgae-based CO 2 fixation technology can simultaneously realize CO 2 reduction, wastewater purification, and valuable biomass accumulation. Considering the inherent high fluctuations in radiation intensity and discontinuity of sunlight, the adoption of electric-powered artificial illumination is inevitable to ensure the sustainable and stable production of microalgae biomass. While, poor conversion efficiency of electric energy into microalgae biomass resulted from severe light attenuation within aqua-suspended photobioreactors (PBRs) has greatly hindered microalgae photoautotrophic cultivation. Herein, aiming at boosting Spirulina platensis growth and the conversion efficiency of electric energy to Spirulina platensis biomass, an innovative and easily-implement approach through LED light bars arrangement manipulation was proposed. By affixing multiple parallelly-connected LED light bars onto outer wall surfaces of column PBRs, minimized light energy losses and improved light distributions within PBRs were realized, which contributed to superior Spirulina platensis growth. In particular, under the identical total electric power input for LED of 4.8 W, a 100 % improvement on Spirulina platensis biomass production was observed in column PBR with four LED light bars than that of with one LED light bar. Moreover, the maximum conversion efficiency of electric energy into Spirulina platensis biomass reached 6.09 g kW −1 h −1 and future application prospect of the proposed approach in commercial large-scale PBRs was discussed. Altogether, this work may provide guidance on the design of high-efficiency microalgae cultivation systems.
Through photosynthesis, microalgae-based CO 2 fixation technology can simultaneously realize CO 2 reduction, wastewater purification, and valuable biomass accumulation. Considering the inherent high fluctuations in radiation intensity and discontinuity of sunlight, the adoption of electric-powered artificial illumination is inevitable to ensure the sustainable and stable production of microalgae biomass. While, poor conversion efficiency of electric energy into microalgae biomass resulted from severe light attenuation within aqua-suspended photobioreactors (PBRs) has greatly hindered microalgae photoautotrophic cultivation. Herein, aiming at boosting Spirulina platensis growth and the conversion efficiency of electric energy to Spirulina platensis biomass, an innovative and easily-implement approach through LED light bars arrangement manipulation was proposed. By affixing multiple parallelly-connected LED light bars onto outer wall surfaces of column PBRs, minimized light energy losses and improved light distributions within PBRs were realized, which contributed to superior Spirulina platensis growth. In particular, under the identical total electric power input for LED of 4.8 W, a 100 % improvement on Spirulina platensis biomass production was observed in column PBR with four LED light bars than that of with one LED light bar. Moreover, the maximum conversion efficiency of electric energy into Spirulina platensis biomass reached 6.09 g kW −1 h −1 and future application prospect of the proposed approach in commercial large-scale PBRs was discussed. Altogether, this work may provide guidance on the design of high-efficiency microalgae cultivation systems.
摘要：
This study evaluated the effects of tea residue combined with complex enzymes on the growth performance, serum biochemistry, meat quality, and intestinal microbiota of Xiangling fattening pigs. A total of 120 healthy Xiangling fattening pigs, with an average weight of 47.93 kg (±15.28 kg), were randomly assigned to five treatment groups, each comprising four replicates of six pigs. The control group (CON) received a basal diet; the experimental groups received a diet containing 5.8% fermented tea residue as an alternative energy and protein source (dry matter basis) and mixed additional 0 (CZ), 200 (M200), 400 (M400), and 800 (M800) complex enzymes. The trial lasted for 83 days. The results showed that tea residue and complex enzymes failed to affect growth performance (p > 0.05). Tea residue reduced the serum aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities (p < 0.01), and complex enzyme supplementation lowered the total cholesterol levels and reduced the alanine aminotransferase activity (p < 0.05). Additionally, tea residue decreased the pH(24h) and b*(1h) values (p < 0.05), and complex enzyme supplementation increased the L*(24h) value and pork shear force (p < 0.05). In terms of amino acid content, tea residue significantly elevated aspartic acid and inosine monophosphate (p < 0.05), and complex enzyme addition increased the glutamic acid, lysine, alanine, valine, tyrosine, isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine levels (p < 0.05). The 800 mg/kg complex enzyme group exhibited a reduction in the C10:0, C15:0, and C17:0 contents (p < 0.05). Microbial analysis showed that tea residue promoted the abundance of Oribacterium and Butyricicoccus, while enzyme supplementation enriched Eggerthellaceae, Oscillospirales, and Peptococcaceae. Overall, the combination of tea residue and complex enzymes improved the pork quality, enhanced metabolic health markers, and modulated the gut microbiota composition, with the 400 mg/kg enzyme dose (M400) achieving the most pronounced benefits. These findings suggest a potential feeding strategy for improving pork quality without compromising growth performance.
关键词：
digestibility;enzymatic hydrolysate of cottonseed protein;growth performance;metabolite;weaned piglets
摘要：
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of enzymatic hydrolysate of cottonseed protein (EHCP) replacing soybean meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood indexes and fecal volatile fatty acid concentrations of weaned piglets. Thirty 'Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire' 28-day-old weaned piglets (male) with an initial body weight of 8.29 ± 0.76 kg were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups with 10 replicates per treatment and 1 pig per replicate. The control group was fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet, and the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2% 65%EHCP and 1.3% 85%EHCP to replace soybean meal, respectively. The experiment period was 21 days. Compared with the control group, the final body weight, average daily gain and average daily feed intake in 65%EHCP group and 85%EHCP group were significantly increased (p < 0.05); both the 65%EHCP and 85%EHCP groups exhibited significantly higher digestibility of energy and crude fat compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Notably, the energy digestibility in the 85%EHCP group was also significantly greater than that in the 65%EHCP group (p < 0.05). When compared to the control group, the blood urea nitrogen concentration was significantly lower in both the 65%EHCP and the 85%EHCP groups (p < 0.01). The concentrations of alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and tyrosine in serum were significantly higher in the 65%EHCP and 85%EHCP groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, in the 85%EHCP group, the concentrations of methionine and threonine in serum were significantly increased when compared to both the control group and the 65%EHCP group (p < 0.05). On the other hand, valine levels in the 65%EHCP group were significantly higher than in the 85%EHCP group (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, fecal acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and total volatile fatty acid concentration in the 65%EHCP group and 85%EHCP group were significantly increased (p < 0.01). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of EHCP can improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood indexes and volatile fatty acids concentrations in feces of weaned piglets. This study suggests that EHCP can effectively substitute common soybean meal in the diets of weaned piglets and serves as a theoretical basis for its use in pig feeding practices.
摘要：
Skin color is a crucial phenotypic trait in poultry that influences consumer preference, market value, and breed identification. However, the mechanisms underlying skin color variation in Lingshan chickens remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the physiological, metabolic, and microbial characteristics associated with skin color differences in male Lingshan chickens. A total of 210 castrated male Lingshan chickens were categorized into white-shanked (WS), yellow-shanked (YS), and red-shanked (RS) groups based on the Roche color fan scores. The results showed that chickens in the YS and RS groups exhibited significantly higher body weights and pigmentation levels in the shank, breast, and abdominal skin compared to those in the WS group (p < 0.05). Serum concentrations of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were markedly elevated in RS chickens. Additionally, carotenoid profiles revealed higher deposition of lutein and β-carotene in the skin and adipose tissues of YS and RS birds. Gene expression analysis indicated differential regulation of carotenoid transport and metabolism-related genes among groups. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing of cecal microbiota revealed significant compositional shifts in microbial communities associated with shank pigmentation. Collectively, these findings suggest that differences in shank color in Lingshan chickens are closely linked to lipid metabolism, carotenoid transport, and gut microbiota composition. This study provides novel insights into the biological mechanisms driving skin pigmentation, offering valuable implications for breeding and functional trait selection in indigenous chicken populations.
期刊：
Journal of Advanced Research,2025年70:323-338 ISSN：2090-1232
通讯作者：
Xuan Zhao<&wdkj&>Miaomiao Wu<&wdkj&>Yaoyao Xia
作者机构：
[Li, Yikun; Chen, Yating; "Liu, Yun] College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;[Wu, Zifang] College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;[Li, Yikun] College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China;[Zhao, Xuan] College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China. Electronic address: zhaoxuann@swu.edu.cn;[Wu, Miaomiao] Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. Electronic address: miaomiaowu0316@hunau.edu.cn
通讯机构：
[Xuan Zhao; Yaoyao Xia] C;[Miaomiao Wu] A;College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China<&wdkj&>Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
摘要：
Background Endothelial cell (EC) metabolism plays a crucial role in the process of angiogenesis. Intrinsic metabolic events such as glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and glutamine metabolism, support secure vascular migration and proliferation, energy and biomass production, as well as redox homeostasis maintenance during vessel formation. Nevertheless, perturbation of EC metabolism instigates vascular dysregulation-associated diseases, especially cancer.
Endothelial cell (EC) metabolism plays a crucial role in the process of angiogenesis. Intrinsic metabolic events such as glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and glutamine metabolism, support secure vascular migration and proliferation, energy and biomass production, as well as redox homeostasis maintenance during vessel formation. Nevertheless, perturbation of EC metabolism instigates vascular dysregulation-associated diseases, especially cancer.
Aim of review In this review, we aim to discuss the metabolic regulation of angiogenesis by EC metabolites and metabolic enzymes, as well as prospect the possible therapeutic opportunities and strategies targeting EC metabolism.
In this review, we aim to discuss the metabolic regulation of angiogenesis by EC metabolites and metabolic enzymes, as well as prospect the possible therapeutic opportunities and strategies targeting EC metabolism.
Key scientific concepts of review In this work, we discuss various aspects of EC metabolism considering normal and diseased vasculature. Of relevance, we highlight that the implications of EC metabolism-targeted intervention (chiefly by metabolic enzymes or metabolites) could be harnessed in orchestrating a spectrum of pathological angiogenesis-associated diseases.
In this work, we discuss various aspects of EC metabolism considering normal and diseased vasculature. Of relevance, we highlight that the implications of EC metabolism-targeted intervention (chiefly by metabolic enzymes or metabolites) could be harnessed in orchestrating a spectrum of pathological angiogenesis-associated diseases.
摘要：
To investigate the effects of feeding frequency on the growth, intestinal health, and metabolism of larval red-tailed catfish (Hemibagrus wyckioides) cultured in land-based circular tanks, a 56-day feeding trial was conducted. A total of 450 fish (8.47 +/- 0.36 g) were randomly allocated to three feeding frequencies: twice (F2), three times (F3), and four times (F4) daily. The results revealed that the F3 group had a significantly better feed conversion rate, specific growth rate, and weight gain rate compared to the F4 group (p < 0.05). Lipase activity and villus height were also significantly greater in the F3 group compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). The transcriptome of the F3 group showed significant enrichment in immune- and metabolism-related pathways. Additionally, the F3 group had a higher abundance of beneficial Clostridium compared to the other groups. Plesiomonas was identified as the main contributor in the F3 group, and its abundance was significantly decreased in the F4 group (p < 0.05). These findings indicated that a feeding frequency of three times per day improves the growth performance of H. wyckioides in aquaculture by increasing the abundance of beneficial Clostridium and Plesiomonas, activating multiple immune pathways, and enhancing amino acid metabolism.
摘要：
Intestinal diseases are highly prevalent, affecting millions worldwide and significantly contributing to global morbidity. The treatment of complex disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC), remains challenging due to multifactorial etiologies, diverse patient responses, and the limitations of current therapeutic strategies. Although the gut microbiota clearly plays a role in regulating the onset of intestinal diseases, few studies have explored the epigenetic factors by which the microbiota contributes to disease development. Here, the latest insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the bidirectional influence between gut microbiota and epigenetic modifications are discussed, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, and N6-methyladenosine (m(6)A). Importantly, mechanistic studies based on animal models or human cells have demonstrated that the gut microbiota, and other environmental factors, influence targeted gene expression and activate immune pathways through host epigenetic dysregulation, which are closely associated with the development of IBD and CRC. Furthermore, potential microbiome interventions, including probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), dietary modifications, and phage therapy, have been proposed as innovative therapeutic strategies to correct these abnormal epigenetic patterns associated with the diseases. Overall, addressing microbiome dysbiosis and its epigenetic consequences presents a promising frontier in the treatment of intestinal diseases, offering the potential to not only restore microbial balance but also provide more targeted and personalized therapeutic strategies for better patient outcomes.
摘要：
The impacts of substituting dietary soybean meal (SBM) with yellow mealworm meal (YMM) were investigated during a 56-day feeding trial on growth, antioxidant capacity, immunity, intestinal morphology, and intestinal microbiota of grass carp. A total of 750 grass carp were divided into 5 groups (3 replications per group and 50 fish per replication) with different levels of YMM: SBM (control group), H25, H50, H75, and H100, for 8 weeks. The results showed that dietary YMM significantly increased final body weight (FW), weight gain (WG), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in H25 group ( P < 0.05); however, complete substitution showed the opposite trend ( P < 0.05 for FW and WG). The liver antioxidant capacity was improved, manifested by enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, glutathione (GSH) content and up-regulated antioxidant-related genes mediated by the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in the H25 group ( P < 0.05). However, in the H100 group oxidative stress occurred in parallel with impairment of hepatic function. Intestinal inflammation was aggravated in the H100 group as evidenced by the up-regulated pro-inflammatory gene expression mediated by the NF-κB pathway ( P < 0.05). Additionally, the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes for the grass carp was significantly reduced and accompanied with intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in the H100 group ( P < 0.05). In summary, replacement of SBM with 25% YMM showed positive influences on growth, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and intestinal health. Conversely, complete replacement of SBM with YMM triggered oxidative stress, caused liver function disorder, and impaired intestinal health in grass carp.
The impacts of substituting dietary soybean meal (SBM) with yellow mealworm meal (YMM) were investigated during a 56-day feeding trial on growth, antioxidant capacity, immunity, intestinal morphology, and intestinal microbiota of grass carp. A total of 750 grass carp were divided into 5 groups (3 replications per group and 50 fish per replication) with different levels of YMM: SBM (control group), H25, H50, H75, and H100, for 8 weeks. The results showed that dietary YMM significantly increased final body weight (FW), weight gain (WG), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in H25 group ( P < 0.05); however, complete substitution showed the opposite trend ( P < 0.05 for FW and WG). The liver antioxidant capacity was improved, manifested by enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, glutathione (GSH) content and up-regulated antioxidant-related genes mediated by the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in the H25 group ( P < 0.05). However, in the H100 group oxidative stress occurred in parallel with impairment of hepatic function. Intestinal inflammation was aggravated in the H100 group as evidenced by the up-regulated pro-inflammatory gene expression mediated by the NF-κB pathway ( P < 0.05). Additionally, the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes for the grass carp was significantly reduced and accompanied with intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in the H100 group ( P < 0.05). In summary, replacement of SBM with 25% YMM showed positive influences on growth, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and intestinal health. Conversely, complete replacement of SBM with YMM triggered oxidative stress, caused liver function disorder, and impaired intestinal health in grass carp.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS,2025年142(2):223-236 ISSN：0931-2668
通讯作者：
Zhang, Z
作者机构：
[Wei, Chen; Gao, Yahui; Li, Jiaqi; Zhang, Zhe; Cai, Xiaodian; Zhang, Wenjing] South China Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci, Natl Engn Res Ctr Breeding Swine Ind, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Agroanim Genom & Mol Breed, Guangzhou, Peoples R China.;[Gao, Ning] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Xibo; Si, Jinglei] Guangxi State Farmd Yongxin Anim Husb Grp Co Ltd, Nanning, Peoples R China.;[Yin, Tong] Justus Liebig Univ, Inst Anim Breeding & Genet, Giessen, Germany.;[Zhang, Z] South China Agr Univ, Dept Anim Breeding & Genet, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, Z ] S;South China Agr Univ, Dept Anim Breeding & Genet, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples R China.
关键词：
combined population;genomic prediction;heritability enrichment;meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies
摘要：
The strategy of combining reference populations has been widely recognized as an effective way to enhance the accuracy of genomic prediction (GP). This study investigated the efficiency of genomic prediction using prior information and combined reference population. In total, prior information considering trait-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS meta-analysis) was incorporated into three models to assess the performance of GP using combined reference populations. Two different Yorkshire populations with imputed whole genome sequence (WGS) data (9,741,620 SNPs), named as P1 (1259 individuals) and P2 (1018 individuals), were used to predict genomic estimated breeding values for three live carcass traits, including backfat thickness, loin muscle area, and loin muscle depth. A 10 × 5 fold cross-validation was used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of 203 randomly selected candidate pigs from the P2 population and the reference population consisted of the remaining pigs from P2 and the stepwise added pigs from P1. By integrating SNPs with different p-value thresholds from GWAS meta-analysis downloaded from PigGTEx Project, the prediction accuracy of GBLUP, genomic feature BLUP (GFBLUP) and GBLUP given genetic architecture (BLUP|GA) were compared. Moreover, we explored effects of reference population size and heritability enrichment of genomic features on the prediction accuracy improvement of GFBLUP and BLUP|GA relative to GBLUP. The prediction accuracy of GBLUP using all WGS markers showed average improvement of 4.380% using the P1 + P2 reference population compared with the P2 reference population. Using the combined reference population, GFBLUP and BLUP|GA yielded 6.179% and 5.525% higher accuracies than GBLUP using all SNPs based on the single reference population, respectively. Positive regression coefficients were estimated in relation to the improvement in prediction accuracy (between GFBLUP/BLUP|GA and GBLUP) and the size of the reference as well as the heritability enrichment of genomic features. Compared to the classic GBLUP model, GFBLUP and BLUP|GA models integrating GWAS meta-analysis information increase the prediction accuracy and using combined populations with enlarged reference population size further enhances prediction accuracy of the two approaches. The heritability enrichment of genomic features can be used as an indicator to reflect weather prior information is accurately presented.
摘要：
The potential of cold plasma (CP) treatment to promote the formation of amyloid fibrils (AFs) of ovalbumin (OVA) was evaluated relative to acidic heat fibrillation condition (pH = 2, 85 °C). Results indicated CP exhibited significant potential for promoting the formation of AFs of OVA, as evidenced by higher Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence intensity of AFs for CP-treated OVA (POVA) during the fibrillation process compared to AFs for native OVA under acidic heating conditions (NOVA). Long, curved and worm-like fibrils of CP-treated OVA with 2 min (POVA-2), which were thicker (3 nm in height) and longer (majority length ranging from 300 nm to 400 nm), were observed after 8 h of fibrillation, while irregular, short, worm-like fibrils of NOVA were detected. Unlike NOVA, which was only hydrolyzed into small peptides, the backbone of POVA-2 was cleaved into small peptide fragments, accompanied by the generation of dityrosine cross-linked aggregation/oligomer during fibrillation process, as evidenced by SDS-PAGE and dityrosine analysis. The result of hydrophobic, sulfhydryl and disulfide bonds, and dityrosine analysis showed hydrophobic interaction and dityrosine cross-links could be the main force driving the assembly and stacking of cross-β structures, leading to the formation of organized fibrillar structures for POVA-2, while only hydrophobic interaction was involved for NOVA. Additionally, analyses of emulsifying ability (EAI) and stability (ESI) of NOVA and POVA-2 displayed that both EAI and ESI of them were significantly improved, with POVA-2 exhibiting superior EAI compared to NOVA. Therefore, this study demonstrated CP is a promising technique to promote the generation of protein amyloid fibrils in a more efficient manner.
The potential of cold plasma (CP) treatment to promote the formation of amyloid fibrils (AFs) of ovalbumin (OVA) was evaluated relative to acidic heat fibrillation condition (pH = 2, 85 °C). Results indicated CP exhibited significant potential for promoting the formation of AFs of OVA, as evidenced by higher Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence intensity of AFs for CP-treated OVA (POVA) during the fibrillation process compared to AFs for native OVA under acidic heating conditions (NOVA). Long, curved and worm-like fibrils of CP-treated OVA with 2 min (POVA-2), which were thicker (3 nm in height) and longer (majority length ranging from 300 nm to 400 nm), were observed after 8 h of fibrillation, while irregular, short, worm-like fibrils of NOVA were detected. Unlike NOVA, which was only hydrolyzed into small peptides, the backbone of POVA-2 was cleaved into small peptide fragments, accompanied by the generation of dityrosine cross-linked aggregation/oligomer during fibrillation process, as evidenced by SDS-PAGE and dityrosine analysis. The result of hydrophobic, sulfhydryl and disulfide bonds, and dityrosine analysis showed hydrophobic interaction and dityrosine cross-links could be the main force driving the assembly and stacking of cross-β structures, leading to the formation of organized fibrillar structures for POVA-2, while only hydrophobic interaction was involved for NOVA. Additionally, analyses of emulsifying ability (EAI) and stability (ESI) of NOVA and POVA-2 displayed that both EAI and ESI of them were significantly improved, with POVA-2 exhibiting superior EAI compared to NOVA. Therefore, this study demonstrated CP is a promising technique to promote the generation of protein amyloid fibrils in a more efficient manner.
通讯机构：
[Liu, M ; Huang, P ] H;[Huang, P] Y;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410000, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The perinatal period (from late gestation to the neonatal stage) in ruminants is a critical phase for fetal organ maturation, where ecological succession of gastrointestinal microbial communities significantly impacts livestock production efficiency. However, research remains insufficient regarding the distribution patterns and functional annotation of microbial communities across different gastrointestinal compartments during this period. This study characterized early microbiota dynamics in Hutianshi Goats using 16S rRNA sequencing (4 fetal goats at 90 ± 10 gestational days) and metagenomics (3 7-day-old goatkids). The fetal goat group generated 852,694 valid reads, yielding 688,277 high-quality reads after chimera removal for downstream analysis. The 7-day-old goat kids group produced 1,081,588,182 final valid reads, after data processing and assembly, 8,561,345 contigs were generated. Gene prediction identified 6,095,352 genes. Multi-database annotations (NR, KEGG, CAZy, etc.) revealed functional potential and antimicrobial resistance traits. The public release of this dataset facilitates academic understanding of microbial community dynamics and host-microbe interactions during this developmental stage, providing both theoretical foundations and data resources for ruminant developmental biology and precision breeding regulation.
摘要：
The rising cost of fish meal (FM) in aquaculture feed has prompted the search for alternative protein sources like soybean meal (SBM). However, SBM-based diets can negatively affect fish growth, lipid metabolism, and intestinal health. One possible solution is to add cholesterol to SBM-based feeds to mitigate these adverse effects, but the optimal levels and the resulting benefits remain unclear. In this study, the impact of adding cholesterol to low FM and high soybean protein diets on the growth, lipid metabolism, and intestinal health of Monopterus albus was evaluated. Juvenile M. albus (initial body weight of 20.00 ± 0.02 g) were fed a control diet with 42% FM + 22% SBM diet (FM group), 22% FM + 52% SBM diet (SBM group), and the SBM diet supplemented with 5 g/kg or 10 g/kg cholesterol (SBC5 and SBC10 groups, respectively). The results showed that the weight gain rate (WGR) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were significantly lower in the SBM group compared to the FM group, but WGR increased with the addition of 10 g/kg cholesterol. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities increased significantly in the SBM group, indicating liver stress, but returned to normal levels in the SBC10 group. Cholesterol supplementation also improved serum and liver lipid profiles and significantly increased the contents of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the liver. In addition, cholesterol supplementation increased the activities of intestinal enzymes (e.g., amylase) and restored the structural integrity of the intestinal lining, including villus height and goblet cell count. Additionally, the SBC10 group exhibited a richer and more diverse intestinal microbiota, with increased abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota. These findings demonstrate that supplementing 10 g/kg cholesterol in a high SBM diet improves growth performance, lipid metabolism, intestinal health, and gut microbiota composition in M. albus. This study provides a practical food-borne strategy to enhance the use of plant-based proteins in aquaculture while mitigating their negative effects, contributing to the sustainability of fish farming.
摘要：
Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) infection is a major cause of coccidiosis in chickens, leading to significant economic losses in the poultry industry due to its impact on the cecum. This study presents a comprehensive single-cell atlas of the chicken cecal epithelium by generating 7,394 cells using 10X Genomics single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). We identified 13 distinct cell types, including key immune and epithelial populations, and characterized their gene expression profiles and cell-cell communication networks. Integration of this single-cell data with bulk RNA-seq data from E. tenella-infected chickens revealed significant alterations in cell type composition and state, particularly a marked decrease in APOB(+) enterocytes and an increase in cycling T cells during infection. Trajectory analysis of APOB(+) enterocytes uncovered shifts toward cellular states associated with cell death and a reduction in those linked to mitochondrial and cytoplasmic protection when infected with E. tenella. These findings highlight the substantial impact of E. tenella on epithelial integrity and immune responses, emphasizing the parasite's role in disrupting nutrient absorption and energy metabolism. Our single-cell atlas serves as a critical resource for understanding the cellular architecture of the chicken cecum and provides a valuable framework for future investigations into cecal diseases and metabolic functions, with potential applications in enhancing poultry health and productivity.
摘要：
The slow development of the Internet of Things (IoT) in pig production, due to the lack of high-quality data, limited large-scale models, and low hardware coverage, has hindered the widespread adoption of precision feeding practices. This study aimed to address these challenges by providing a standardized dataset as a foundation for IoT development and constructing predictive models focused on birth litter weight (BLW) and weaned litter weight (WLW). To achieve these objectives, two comprehensive datasets consisting of 10,089 sow characteristics were collected. By comparing eight different algorithms, GBDT algorithm was selected as the optimal algorithm for modeling of BLW and WLW. The datasets were divided into a 90 % sample for model derivation, with the remaining 10 % used for model validation. The models for both BLW and WLW datasets exhibited consistent performance between main and validation cohorts, with low error magnitudes and high relative accuracy (MAE: 1.8–2.5, MAPE: 2.55 %–18.41 %, R > 60 %), indicating robustness and generalizability to unseen data. Delving deeper, the SHAP summary plots illustrated that in the model for BLW, G.ADFIp2, G.ADFIp3, G.ADFIp4, G.ADF and parity had a significant impact on the prediction. In the WLW model, the key influencing factors were weaned litter size, duration of lactation, parity, and birth litter weight. SHAP force and dependence plots had uncovered intricate effects of various features on the model’s outcomes. To enhance accessibility, we developed a user-friendly visualization and prediction website using the Streamlit Python framework. These critical research findings provide decision-makers with invaluable insights, fostering advancements in precision feeding models and IoT technologies in the swine industry. Ultimately, this contributes to the overarching goal of enhancing the comprehensive sustainability of livestock farming.
The slow development of the Internet of Things (IoT) in pig production, due to the lack of high-quality data, limited large-scale models, and low hardware coverage, has hindered the widespread adoption of precision feeding practices. This study aimed to address these challenges by providing a standardized dataset as a foundation for IoT development and constructing predictive models focused on birth litter weight (BLW) and weaned litter weight (WLW). To achieve these objectives, two comprehensive datasets consisting of 10,089 sow characteristics were collected. By comparing eight different algorithms, GBDT algorithm was selected as the optimal algorithm for modeling of BLW and WLW. The datasets were divided into a 90 % sample for model derivation, with the remaining 10 % used for model validation. The models for both BLW and WLW datasets exhibited consistent performance between main and validation cohorts, with low error magnitudes and high relative accuracy (MAE: 1.8–2.5, MAPE: 2.55 %–18.41 %, R > 60 %), indicating robustness and generalizability to unseen data. Delving deeper, the SHAP summary plots illustrated that in the model for BLW, G.ADFIp2, G.ADFIp3, G.ADFIp4, G.ADF and parity had a significant impact on the prediction. In the WLW model, the key influencing factors were weaned litter size, duration of lactation, parity, and birth litter weight. SHAP force and dependence plots had uncovered intricate effects of various features on the model’s outcomes. To enhance accessibility, we developed a user-friendly visualization and prediction website using the Streamlit Python framework. These critical research findings provide decision-makers with invaluable insights, fostering advancements in precision feeding models and IoT technologies in the swine industry. Ultimately, this contributes to the overarching goal of enhancing the comprehensive sustainability of livestock farming.
通讯机构：
[Deliang Li] H;Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
