作者机构：
[Zhai, Zongzhao; Chen, Yuwei; Li, Jianzhong; Dong, Yachao; Huang, Qiuyun; Wang, Chuni; Xiao, Yue; Yin, Jia; Chen, Cang; Zheng, Xinlei; Wang, Qiye; Liu, Qihang; Chen, Taohong; Yang, Huansheng; Wang, Leli; Qi, Yining; Wang, Lei] Hunan Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hunan Prov Key Lab Anim Intestinal Funct & Regula, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Liao, Peng; Yin, Yulong; Long, Cimin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Gaihua] Hunan Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Natl & Local Joint Engn Lab Anim Peptide Drug Dev, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Yong-Xin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, State Key Lab Plant Genom, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Jialu; Huang, Peng] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Jia Yin] H;[Yulong Yin] I;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
摘要：
In modern animal husbandry, breeders pay increasing attention to improving sow nutrition during pregnancy and lactation to favor the health of neonates. Sow milk is a main food source for piglets during their first three weeks of life, which is not only a rich repository of essential nutrients and a broad range of bioactive compounds, but also an indispensable source of commensal bacteria. Maternal milk microorganisms are important sources of commensal bacteria for the neonatal gut. Bacteria from maternal milk may confer a health benefit on the host. Sow milk bacteria were isolated using culturomics followed by identification using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. To screen isolates for potential probiotic activity, the functional evaluation was conducted to assess their antagonistic activity against pathogens in vitro and evaluate their resistance against oxidative stress in damaged Drosophila induced by paraquat. In a piglet feeding trial, a total of 54 newborn suckling piglets were chosen from nine sows and randomly assigned to three treatments with different concentrations of a candidate strain. Multiple approaches were carried out to verify its antioxidant function including western blotting, enzyme activity analysis, metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The 1240 isolates were screened out from the sow milk microbiota and grouped into 271 bacterial taxa based on a nonredundant set of 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Among 80 Pediococcus isolates, a new Pediococcus pentosaceus strain (SMM914) showed the best performance in inhibition ability against swine pathogens and in a Drosophila model challenged by paraquat. Pretreatment of piglets with SMM914 induced the Nrf2-Keap1 antioxidant signaling pathway and greatly affected the pathways of amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism in plasma. In the colon, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly increased in the high dose SMM914 group compared with the control group. P. pentosaceus SMM914 is a promising probiotic conferring antioxidant capacity by activating the Nrf2-Keap1 antioxidant signaling pathway in piglets. Our study provided useful resources for better understanding the relationships between the maternal microbiota and offspring. Video Abstract
期刊：
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,2022年38(6):1-10 ISSN：0959-3993
通讯作者：
Zeng, JG;Huang, P
作者机构：
[Sun, Mengshan; Zeng, Jianguo; Xu, Zixuan] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Key Lab Tradit Chinese Vet Med, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhong, Xiaohong; Sun, Mengshan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Li] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Hunan Inst Agr Environm & Ecol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Zixuan] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Huang, P; Huang, Peng] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zeng, JG ; Huang, P ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Key Lab Tradit Chinese Vet Med, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Natl & Local Union Engn Res Ctr Vet Herbal Med Re, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
This study sought to understand the regulation mechanism of OPN5 through the TSH-DIO2/DIO3 pathway mediated photoperiod on the breeding activity of short-day breeding birds. In this study, the reproductive activity of Magang goose was regulated by artificial light, and the reproductive activity of the ganders were determined according to the daily laying rate of female geese. The testicular development and the serum reproductive hormone concentrations of ganders were measured during the reproductive period (d 0), the reproductive degeneration period (d 13 and 27) and the resting period (d 45). The mRNA and protein expression patterns of OPN5, the HPG axis reproductive genes, and TSH-DIO2/DIO3 pathway related genes were examined. Results showed that the laying rate of geese and the gonadal indices (GSI) decreased gradually after the photoperiod increased. Histological observation found that the spermatogenic function of the testis was normal on d 0 and 13, while degeneration occurred by d 27 and 45. Serum testosterone, FSH, and LH concentration showed a slight increase on d 13, followed by a sharp decrease on d 27 and 45 (P < 0.01), while PRL concentrations were low on d 0 and 13, and increased rapidly on d 27 and 45 (P < 0.01).The expression pattern of GnRH, FSH, LH, and THRβ mRNA were similar, with high levels on d 0 and 13 and a decreasing trend on d 27 and 45 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); and GnRHR mRNA levels were higher on d 13 (P < 0.05), but then had decreased by d 27 and 45 (P < 0.01). The expression pattern of GnIH and GnIHR was similar, which was opposite to that of GnRHR. VIP, PRL, and PRLR increased gradually and peaked on d 45 (P < 0.01). The expression trend of TRH, TSHβ, and DIO2 was similar to that of GnRHR, and the expression abundance increased on d 13, and then decreased on d 27 and 45. GnRH protein expression was significantly higher than during the other 3 periods (P < 0.01) while the GnIH protein levels were extremely low on d 0, had gradually increased by d 13, and significantly increased by d 27 and 45 (P < 0.01). The protein expression trends of THR and DIO2 were similar to that of GNIH. DIO3 protein expression was low on d 0 and 13, and increased by d 27 and 45. These results suggest that when the photoperiod increased, the hypothalamus OPN5 gene and protein were upregulated and the pituitary TSHβ, TSHR, and hypothalamus THRβ, TRH, and DIO2 were downregulated, and thus the reproductive activity of geese was inhibited.
作者机构：
[Arowolo, Muhammed Adebayo; Ma, Yu-Jing; He, Rong-Xiang; Xiao, Ding-Fu; Zheng, Ke; Yang, Ling] College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China;[Chen, Liang] Huaihua Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Hecheng District, Huaihua, 418000, China;[Zhou, Ying-Jun] Geneham Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410014, Hunan, China;[He, Jian-Hua] College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China. Electronic address: jianhuahy@hunau.net
通讯机构：
[Ling Yang; Rong-Xiang He; Ding-Fu Xiao] C;College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
关键词：
anti-inflammatory;antibiotics;fenugreek seed extracts;growth performance;intestinal health
摘要：
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of fenugreek seed extract (FSE) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal immunity and cecal micro-organisms in yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 240 one-day-old male yellow-feathered broilers were selected and randomly assigned to four treatments with 6 replicates per group and ten broilers per replicate. Started from the third day, birds were fed with basal diet (CON group) or basal diet supplemented with 30 mg/kg Zinc bacitracin (ZB group), or basal diet supplemented with 50 (D-FSE group) or 100 (H-FSE group) mg/kg FSE, respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 d. The results showed that dietary FSE supplementation improved average daily weight gain (ADG) and ratio of feed to weight gain (F: G) (P < 0.01), increased intestinal villus height (VH), villus height to crypt depth ratio (V/C) (P < 0.05), serum concentrations of IL-10, and the contents of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) (P < 0.05), as well as decreased the activity of iNOS (P < 0.05). The high-throughput sequencing results showed that dietary FSE supplementation increased the alpha diversity of cecal microbes, and Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria taken up 95% of all phyla detected, FSE significantly reduced Campylobacter, Synergistes, and Lachnoclostridium abundance (P ≤ 0.05). There were significant difference in more than 30 KEGG pathways between FSE added group and control group or ZB group. FSE supplementation, in other words, maintained gut microbiota homeostasis while improving broiler growth performance. As a result, FSE has the potential to replace prophylactic antibiotic use in poultry production system.
摘要：
The present study investigated the effect of eugenol (EUG) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and explored the underlying mechanisms. C57BL/6 mice were intragastrically administered normal saline or EUG (20 mg/kg body weight) for 17 days, and colitis was induced by using 3% DSS from day 7. The results showed that EUG increased the body weight and reduced the disease activity index score and colon pathological scores in DSS-treated mice (P < 0.05). Further, EUG preserved the proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, -12, -21, and -23), lowered (P < 0.05) colonic malondialdehyde (MDA), uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expression and p65 phosphorylation, and activated (P < 0.05) colonic kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 expressions but did not affect the intestinal microbiota in DSS-treated mice. Furthermore, EUG ameliorated colitis in antibiotic-treated mice, while fecal microbiota transplantation from EUG preadministered mice failed to ameliorate colitis. In conclusion, EUG could alleviate colitis by attenuating colonic inflammation and oxidative stress independent of intestinal microbiota.
通讯机构：
[Zhi-Wei Liu; Xiu-Bin Liu] C;[Rana Muhammad Aadil] N;National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan<&wdkj&>College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
The aim is to optimize the dimethylacetamide (DMA) straw freezing technology of Black silkies rooster semen through the handy patent equipment, screening the formula of freezing basic extender and optimizing the DMA addition method, and then by comparing the fertility of DMA straw frozen semen with the pellet frozen semen. After the DMA straw freezing technology is optimized, it is extended to the Youxian Partridge drake semen. The result showed that the frozen sperm motility of Lake and Ravie (LR) group is 64%, the fertility 49.57% and the hatchability 91.52%, all of which are superior to those of FEB, Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender (BPSE) and Lake (P < 0.05). The sperm motility of adding DMA stock solution is 59%, which is superior to adding DMA directly into diluted semen (P > 0.05). The fertility and hatchability of DMA straw group are 77.61% and 92.30%, respectively, and it is significantly higher than those in the pellet group (P < 0.01; P < 0.05). The fresh drake sperm motility of induction collection method is 71%, the massage collection method 61% and the frozen drake sperm motility of induction 33% while the massage 19%. The fertility of frozen drake semen group is 85.93%, while that of the fresh semen group is 88.17%. The frozen drake semen fertility of the highest batch is 93.8%. In conclusion, the world's advanced fertility of frozen semen can be obtained both in the chicken and drake through the optimized DMA straw freezing technology and the method of screening freeze-resistant individuals.
通讯机构：
[X. Lan] C;College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
关键词：
gut development;gut microbiota;morphology;mouse;sialic acid
摘要：
Sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid), a 9-carbon monosaccharide, has been widely studied in immunology, oncology and neurology. However, the effects of sialic acid on organ and intestinal development, liver function and gut microbiota were rarely studied. In this study, we found that oral sialic acid tended to increase the relative weight of liver and decreased the serum aspartate aminotransferase (GPT) activity. In addition, sialic acid treatment markedly reduced gut villus length, depth, the ratio of villus length/depth (L/D), areas, width and the number of goblet cells. Furthermore, gut microbes were changed in response to oral sialic acid, such as Staphylococcus lentus, Corynebacterium stationis, Corynebacterium urealyticum, Jeotgalibaca sp_PTS2502, Ignatzschineria indica, Sporosarcina pasteurii, Sporosarcina sp_HW10C2, Facklamia tabacinasalis, Oblitimonas alkaliphila, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Blautia sp_YL58, Bacteroids thetaiotaomicron, Morganella morganii, Clostridioides difficile, Helicobacter tryphlonius, Clostridium sp_Clone47, Alistipes finegoldii, [pseudomonas]_geniculata and Pseudomonas parafulva at the species level. In conclusion, oral sialic acid altered the intestinal pathological state and microbial compositions, and the effect of sialic acid on host health should be further studied.
通讯机构：
[Jun Zou] K;Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China<&wdkj&>International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
摘要：
This study was conducted to investigate how chito-oligosaccharides (COSs) affect the growth performance and immune stress response and to further explain their mechanisms. A total of 32 boars that were 28 days old and three-way weaned were randomly allotted to four equal groups [CON (basal diet) group, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) group, COS group, and COS*ETEC group]. The results showed that COS partially reversed the negative changes in the average daily gain and average daily feed intake caused by the ETEC challenge and thereby alleviated the increase in the feed conversion ratio. Dietary COS increased the villus length as compared with the CON group and improved the ileal morphological structure. Additionally, it increased the bacterial diversity and Bacteroidetes abundance and lowered the Firmicutes abundance and Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio at the phylum level. COS treatment lowered the abundance of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Anarovovrio in the intestines of piglets, while it increased Muribaculaceae_unclassified and Prevotella at the genus level. COS had a significant inhibitory effect on the increase in the relative expression abundance of STAT3 mRNA caused by ETEC. The IL-10 and FOXP3 mRNAs were found to be significantly lower in the COS, ETEC, and COS*ETEC groups as compared to the CON group. These results demonstrate that COS could be beneficial for improving the growth performance and attenuating ETEC-challenged intestinal inflammation via regulating microbiota and Th17/Treg balance-related immune signaling pathways.
通讯机构：
[Fengna Li] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process;Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences;Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production;National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production
关键词：
branched-chain amino acids;protein restriction;lipid metabolism;adipose tissue;finishing pig model
摘要：
This study aimed to investigate the effect of the supplementation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) at different ratios in protein restriction diets on lipid metabolism in a finishing pig model. The BCAA supplementation (leucine/isoleucine/valine = 2:1:1 and 2:1:2) ameliorated the poor growth performance and carcass characteristics, particularly high fat mass caused by a protein-restricted diet. Serum adiponectin increased while leptin decreased in BCAA diets in comparison to the 12% CP group. BCAA supplementation also increased the low-protein expression of AMPK and SIRT1 caused by protein restriction. The mRNA and protein levels of peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were highest in the protein-restricted group and lowered in the 2:1:1 or 2:1:2 group. In conclusion, BCAAs supplemented in an adequate ratio range of 2:1:1 to 2:1:2 (2:1:2 is recommended) in reduced protein diets could modulate lipid metabolism by accelerating the secretion of adipokines and fatty acid oxidation.
作者机构：
[Wen, Zheng-Yong; Li, Rui; Li, Hua-Tao; Wang, Jun; Qin, Chuan-Jie; He, Yang] Neijiang Normal Univ, Key Lab Sichuan Prov Fishes Conservat & Utilizat, Neijiang 641000, Peoples R China.;[Wen, Zheng-Yong; Li, Rui; Li, Hua-Tao; Wang, Jun; Qin, Chuan-Jie; He, Yang] Neijiang Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Neijiang 641000, Peoples R China.;[Wen, Zheng-Yong] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, BGI Educ Ctr, Shenzhen 518083, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Xiao-Dong] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Engn Technol Res Ctr Featured Aquat Resourc, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wen, Zheng-Yong] N;Neijiang Normal Univ, Key Lab Sichuan Prov Fishes Conservat & Utilizat, Neijiang 641000, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Channa argus;Fasting;Phylogenetic analysis;Refeeding;Syntenic and genomic comparison;leptin
摘要：
Leptin has been proved to play critical roles in energy metabolism, body weight regulation, food intake, reproduction and immunity in mammals. However, its roles are still largely unclear in fish. Here, we report two leptin genes (lepA and lepB) from the Northern snakehead (Channa argus) and their transcriptions in response to different feeding status. The snakehead lepA is 781 bp in length and contains a 480 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 159-aa protein, while the snakehead lepB is 553 bp in length and contains a 477 bp ORF encoding a 158-aa protein. Multi-sequences alignment, three-dimensional (3D) model prediction, syntenic and genomic comparison, and phylogenetic analysis confirm two leptin genes are widely existing in teleost. Tissue distribution revealed that the two leptin genes exhibit different patterns. In a post-prandial experiment, the hepatic lepA and brain lepB showed a similar transcription pattern. In a long-term (2-week) fasting and refeeding experiment, the hepatic lepA and brain lepB showed a similar transcription change pattern induced by food deprivation stimulation but differential changes after refeeding. These findings suggest snakehead lepA and lepB are differential both in tissue distribution and molecular functions, and they might play as an important regulator in energy metabolism and food intake in fish, respectively.
期刊：
Journal of Dairy Science,2019年102(5):4606-4618 ISSN：0022-0302
通讯作者：
Zhou, Chuanshe;Li, Bin
作者机构：
[Jie, Hongdong; Jiao, Jinzhen; Chen, Liang; Ren, Ao; Tan, Zhiliang; Kong, Zhiwei; Zhou, Chuanshe] Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg,Hunan Prov, Natl Engn Lab Pollut Control & Waste Utilizat Liv, South Cent Expt Stn Anim Nutr & Feed Sci,Minist A, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Kong, Zhiwei] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.;[Jiao, Jinzhen; Tan, Zhiliang; Zhou, Chuanshe] Hunan Coinnovat Ctr Safety Anim Prod CICSAP, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Bin] Tibet Autonomous Reg Acad Agr Sci, Inst Anim Husb & Vet, State Key Lab Hulless Barley & Yak Germplasm Reso, Lhasa 850000, Tibet, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Liang; Ren, Ao] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhou, Chuanshe] C;[Zhou, Chuanshe] H;[Li, Bin] T;Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg,Hunan Prov, Natl Engn Lab Pollut Control & Waste Utilizat Liv, South Cent Expt Stn Anim Nutr & Feed Sci,Minist A, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Coinnovat Ctr Safety Anim Prod CICSAP, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Jersey cattle;high-altitude hypoxia;microRNA analysis;plasma proteomics
摘要：
Blood has been widely collected and analyzed for diagnosing and monitoring diseases in humans and animals; a range of plasma proteins and peptide can be used as biomarkers to describe pathological or physiological status. Changes in the environment such as high-altitude hypoxia (HAH) can lead to adaptive changes in the blood system of mammals. However, the adaptation mechanism induced by HAH remains unclear. In this study, we used 12 multiparous Jersey cattle (400 +/- 35 kg, average 3 yr old, dry period). We applied an iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) proteomics approach and microRNA (miRNA) microarray to explore differences in the plasma proteomic and miRNA profiles of Jersey cattle exposed to HAH conditions in Nyingchi, Tibet (altitude 3,000 m) and HAH-free conditions in Shenyang, China (altitude 50 m). Such quantitative proteomic strategies are suitable for accurate and comprehensive prediction of miRNA targets. In total, 264 differentially expressed proteins (127 upregulated, fold-change >1.2; 137 downregulated, fold-change <0.8) and 47 differential miRNAs (25 upregulated, fold-change >2; 22 downregulated, fold-change <0.5) were observed in the HAH-stressed group compared with the HAH-free group. Integrative analysis of proteomic and miRNA profiles demonstrated that the biological processes associated with differentially expressed proteins were immune response, complement system, and conjugation system. Integrative analysis of canonical pathways showed that most were associated with acute phase response signaling (z-score = -0.125), liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) activation pathway (z-score = 1.134), coagulation system (z-score = -0.943), and complement system (z-score = -0.632). The current results indicated that Jersey cattle exposed to HAH could adapt to that condition through regulation of inflammatory homeostasis by inhibiting the acute phase response, coagulation system, and complement system and promoting LXR/RXR activation.
摘要：
Early colonization in the gut by probiotics influences the progressive development and maturity of antioxidant and immune system functionality in the future. This study investigated the impact of orally administrated Lactobacillus delbrueckii (LAB) during the suckling phase on future antioxidant and immune responses of the host, using a piglet model. One hundred neonatal piglets received saline (CON) or LAB at the amounts of 1, 2, 3, and 4 mL at 1, 3, 7, and 14 d of age, respectively. The piglets were weaned at the age of 21 d and fed until the age of 49 d. Serum, liver, and intestinal samples were obtained at 21, 28, and 49 d of age. The results showed that LAB tended to decrease serum 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine concentration and decreased the concentration of serum and hepatic malondialdehyde, but increased the activity of hepatic glutathione peroxidase on days 21, 28, and 49. The concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A and some inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were increased (P < 0.05) in the intestinal mucosa of LAB-treated piglets on days 21, 28, and 49 compared to that of CON piglets. Likewise, protein expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the intestine of LAB-treated piglets was increased (P < 0.05) during the whole period. These results indicate that administration of LAB to the suckling piglet could improve antioxidant capacity and stimulate intestinal immune response, and these long-lasting effects are also observed up to 4 weeks after weaning. A proper utilization of LAB to neonates would be beneficial to human and animal's future health.
摘要：
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ramie (Boehmeria nivea, previously known as a fibre crop and also called "China grass") included in diets on growth performance, antioxidative capacity and muscular fatty acid profile of finishing pigs. A total of 180 Xiangcun Black pigs (initial body weight =70.71 +/- 1.21 kg) were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with six pens of six pigs per pen. The pigs were provided a basal diet or a diet contained 3%, 6%, 9% or 12% of ramie powder during a 50-day experiment period. The results showed that the inclusion of ramie increased (quadratic, p < 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed ratio (G:F) with the highest value of ADG and G:F in 3% ramie group, but ramie content in the diet up to 9% reduced the growth performance of the pigs compared with that of 3% ramie group. The activity of serum total superoxide dismutase (SOD) was increased (linear, p < 0.05) by ramie, while content of malondialdehyde was decreased (linear, p < 0.05). As increasing the dietary ramie level, the mRNA expression level of SOD1 was increased quadratically (p < 0.05) in muscle tissues. Moreover, the addition of ramie linearly increased (p < 0.05) polyunsaturated fatty acids content, whereas it linearly reduced (p < 0.05) the lipid indices of atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity (TI) in muscle tissues, and lower values of AI and TI reflect a "healthier" fat composition. The results indicated that ramie in a diet not more than 9% may improve antioxidative capacity with no detrimental impact on growth performance of Chinese native finishing pigs; meanwhile, it could beneficially change the pork fatty acid pattern which has a positive impact on consumer's health.
摘要：
In this study, we analyzed the concentrations of metals in sediments and Corbicula fluminea in China's Dongting Lake to assess the suitability of C. fluminea as an effective biomonitor of metal contamination in sediments and food safety. We analyzed the biota-accumulation capacity by calculating the biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) and assessed the potential human health risk of metals exposure via consumption of C. fluminea using the target hazard quotient (THQ) and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ). The results showed that the average concentrations of As (31.93 mg kg(-1)), Cd (5.54 mg kg(-1)), Cr (105.50 mg kg(-1)), Cu (32.53 mg kg(-1)), and Zn (207.89 mg kg(-1)) in sediments were higher than their respective standard set by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. The sediment metals, which were mainly anthropogenic in origin, were at high levels and pose a relatively high ecological risk. Cadium (Cd) showed very high potential ecological risk levels and should be included in the prior pollutants list in the studied area. The mean levels of As (0.81 mg kg(-1)) in C. fluminea were 1.62-times higher than that set by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. BSAF values of the soft tissues of C. fluminea were between 0.05 and 2.14, with higher values for Cu (2.14), Cd (1.77), Zn (1.60), and Ni (1.27). Soft tissues of C. fluminea were able to reflect spatial differences in Sr within sediments around Dongting Lake. The results indicated that C. fluminea could be an potential biomonitor for sediment metals assessment in biomonitoring programs, especially for Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni, and Sr. The mean values for THQ and TTHQ of all the analyzed metals were below 1.0, indicating that the intake of metals via comsumption of C. fluminea does not result in an appreciable risk to human health.
