作者机构：
[Wu, Yong; Sun, Zhi-Liang; Liu, Zhao-Ying] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Hunan Engn Res Ctr Vet Drug, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wan, Leren] Shimadzu Int Trading Shanghai Co Ltd, Shanghai 200052, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Zhao-Ying] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Hunan Engn Res Ctr Vet Drug, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Diaveridine;Hybrid ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry;Metabolism;Pig liver microsomes;Trimethoprim
摘要：
Trimethoprim (TMP) and diaveridine (DVD) are used in combination with sulfonamides and sulfaquinoxlaine as an effective antibacterial agent and antiprotozoal agent, respectively, in humans and animals. To gain a better understanding of the metabolism of TMP and DVD in the food-producing animals, the metabolites incubated with liver microsomes of pigs were analyzed for the first time with high-performance liquid chromatography combined with hybrid ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Seven TMP-related and six DVD-related metabolites were characterized based on the accurate MS2 spectra and known structure of the parent drug, respectively. The metabolites of TMP were identified as two O-demethylation metabolites, a di-O-demethylation metabolite, two N-oxides metabolites, a hydroxylated metabolite on the methylene carbon and a hydroxylated metabolite on the methyl group. DVD was also biotransformed to two O-demethylation metabolites, a di-O-demethylation metabolite, an N-oxide metabolite, a hydroxylation metabolite on the methylene carbon and a hydroxylation metabolite followed by O-demethylation. The results indicate that the two compounds have similar biotransformation pathways in pigs. O-Demethylation was the major metabolic route of TMP and DVD in the pig liver microsomes. The proposed metabolic pathways of TMP and DVD in liver microsomes will provide a basis for further studies of the in vivo metabolism of the two drugs in food-producing animals. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
作者机构：
[Song, Hui-Qun; Xu, Min-Jun; Huang, Si-Yang; Wu, Chang-Yi; Liu, Guo-Hua; Zhu, Xing-Quan] CAAS, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, Key Lab Vet Parasitol Gansu Prov, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Guo-Hua; Zhu, Xing-Quan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Song, Hui-Qun; Wu, Chang-Yi; Lin, Rui-Qing] S China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Wei, Shu-Jun] Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Plant & Environm Protect, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Guang-Hui] NW A&F Univ, Coll Vet Med, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Provinc, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhu, Xing-Quan] C;CAAS, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, Key Lab Vet Parasitol Gansu Prov, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, Peoples R China.
摘要：
An increasing number of people are processing transactions online and the numbers are likely to increase rapidly in the near future. It is important to analyze the relationship between customer values of social network service and Customer Loyalty. The purpose of this paper is to answer the following questions. First, what are key components of customer value in social network service? Second, what influences the relationship between customer value and Customer Loyalty? Data collected from 160 respondents who participate in social network service were used to test a research model. Several managerial implications were derived from the analysis and further studies were suggested.
期刊：
Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,2012年11(22):4288-4291 ISSN：1680-5593
通讯作者：
Zhou, Dong-Hui
作者机构：
[Li, Zhong-Yuan; Chen, Jia] South China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Fang, Su-Fang] Hebei North Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Zhang Jiakou City 075000, Hebei Province, Peoples R China.;[Li, Zhong-Yuan; Chen, Jia; Liu, Guo-Hua; Zhu, Xing-Quan; Zhou, Dong-Hui] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst, Key Lab Vet Parasitol Gansu Prov, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Guo-Hua; Zhu, Xing-Quan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhou, Dong-Hui] C;Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst, Key Lab Vet Parasitol Gansu Prov, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Phylogenetic analysis;Rhoptry protein 9 (ROP9);Sequence variation;Toxoplasma gondii toxoplasmosis
作者：
Liu, G. H.*;Li, B.;Li, J. Y.;Song, H. Q.;Lin, R. Q.;...
期刊：
JOURNAL OF HELMINTHOLOGY,2012年86(4):479-484 ISSN：0022-149X
通讯作者：
Liu, G. H.
作者机构：
[Liu, G. H.; Li, B.; Li, J. Y.; Song, H. Q.; Zhou, D. H.; Zhu, X. Q.] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst, Key Lab Vet Parasitol Gansu Prov, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, Peoples R China.;[Liu, G. H.; Zhu, X. Q.] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, B.] Guangdong HuanongWens Anim Husb Co Ltd, Yunfu 527400, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Li, B.; Li, J. Y.; Yan, H. K.; Lin, R. Q.; Yuan, Z. G.] S China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Cai, X. Q.] Zhongshan Entry Exit Inspect & Quarantine Bur, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, G. H.] C;Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst, Key Lab Vet Parasitol Gansu Prov, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The present study examined sequence variation in four mitochondrial (mt) genes, namely cytochrome c oxidase subunits 1 (cox1) and 2 (cox2), and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1 and 2 (nad1 and nad2) among Clonorchis sinensis isolates from different endemic regions in China, and their phylogenetic relationships with other zoonotic trematodes were reconstructed. A portion of the cox1 and cox2 genes (pcox1 and pcox2), and nad1 and nad2 genes (pnad1 and pnad2) were amplified separately from individual liver flukes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the amplicons were subjected to sequencing from both directions. The intra-specific sequence variations within C. sinensis were 0-1.6% for pcox1, 0-1.4% for pcox2, 0-0.9% for pnad1 and 0-1.0% for pnad2. Phylogenetic analyses based on the combined sequences of pcox1, pcox2, pnad1 and pnad2 revealed that all the C. sinensis isolates grouped together and were closely related to Opisthorchis felineus. These findings revealed the existence of intra-specific variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences among C. sinensis isolates from different geographic regions, and demonstrated that mtDNA sequences provide reliable genetic markers for phylogenetic studies of zoonotic trematodes.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY,2012年47(12):1627-1642 ISSN：1076-5174
通讯作者：
Liu, Zhao-Ying
作者机构：
[Liu, Zhao-Ying] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Zhao-Ying] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
LC-IT-TOF-MS;accurate mass measurements;drug metabolism;elemental compositions;structural characterization
摘要：
Metabolism studies play an important role at various stages of drug discovery and development. Liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has become a most powerful and widely used analytical tool for identifying drug metabolites. The suitability of different types of mass spectrometers for metabolite profiling differs widely, and therefore, the data quality and reliability of the results also depend on which instrumentation is used. As one of the latest LC/MS instrumentation designs, hybrid ion trap/time-of-flight MS coupled with LC (LC-IT-TOF-MS) has successfully integrated ease of operation, compatibility with LC flow rates and data-dependent MSn with high mass accuracy and mass resolving power. The MSn and accurate mass capabilities are routinely utilized to rapidly confirm the identification of expected metabolites or to elucidate the structures of uncommon or unexpected metabolites. These features make the LC-IT-TOF-MS a very powerful analytical tool for metabolite identification. This paper begins with a brief introduction to some basic principles and main properties of a hybrid IT-TOF instrument. Then, a general workflow for metabolite profiling using LC-IT-TOF-MS, starting from sample collection and preparation to final identification of the metabolite structures, is discussed in detail. The data extraction and mining techniques to find and confirm metabolites are discussed and illustrated with some examples. This paper is directed to readers with no prior experience with LC-IT-TOF-MS and will provide a broad understanding of the development and utility of this instrument for drug metabolism studies. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
