作者机构：
[Liu, Weijiao; He, Qing; Li, Dantong; Zou, Yawen; Yu, Beilei; Zhan, Yang; Wu, Jing; Cao, Siyu; Li, Zhoumian; Jiang, You; Yang, Yi] Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP) & Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China;[Yu, Wanting] College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China;[Tian, Chuanwen] Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (North), P.R. China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China;[Wang, Naidong] Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP) & Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China. Electronic address: naidongwang@hunau.edu.cn
通讯机构：
[Wang, Naidong] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP) & Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China. Electronic address:
关键词：
Cap;HnRNP K;Mitochondrial apoptosis;Porcine circovirus type 3
摘要：
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a globally emerging circovirus affecting pigs and other animals. The capsid protein (Cap) is the sole structural protein of PCV, with a crucial role in virus evolution and pathogenesis. Through interactions with host factors, Cap enables viral entry, transport, and replication while modifying various cellular processes. Cap protein-induced apoptosis has important implications for viral pathogenesis, but remains poorly defined. Herein, we demonstrated for the first time that PCV3 Cap induced cell cycle arrest of PK-15 cells in S-phase and initiated apoptosis via a mitochondrial Caspase-9-dependent pathway. Truncation analysis localized the apoptotic determinant to the N-terminal 1-34 aa of PCV3 Cap and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) was identified as a host protein that binds to PCV3 Cap. Overexpression of hnRNP K reduced PCV3 Cap-induced release of Cyt-c into the cytoplasm, implying a regulatory role in apoptosis. Based on structural modelling and molecular docking, amino acids at sites 24 and 27 of Cap from PCV3 variants, which define genotypes (PCV3a/b/c), affected binding with hnRNP K. Specifically, PCV3c Cap (V24/K27 and V24/R27) had higher affinity than PCV3a Cap (A24/R27) or PCV3b Cap (A24/K27), consistent with its superior apoptosis-inducing capacity compared to PCV3a/b variants, highlighting the importance of Cap interactions with hnRNP K. In summary, we identified novel molecular determinants of PCV3 pathogenesis that will inform development of vaccines and diagnostics.
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a globally emerging circovirus affecting pigs and other animals. The capsid protein (Cap) is the sole structural protein of PCV, with a crucial role in virus evolution and pathogenesis. Through interactions with host factors, Cap enables viral entry, transport, and replication while modifying various cellular processes. Cap protein-induced apoptosis has important implications for viral pathogenesis, but remains poorly defined. Herein, we demonstrated for the first time that PCV3 Cap induced cell cycle arrest of PK-15 cells in S-phase and initiated apoptosis via a mitochondrial Caspase-9-dependent pathway. Truncation analysis localized the apoptotic determinant to the N-terminal 1-34 aa of PCV3 Cap and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) was identified as a host protein that binds to PCV3 Cap. Overexpression of hnRNP K reduced PCV3 Cap-induced release of Cyt-c into the cytoplasm, implying a regulatory role in apoptosis. Based on structural modelling and molecular docking, amino acids at sites 24 and 27 of Cap from PCV3 variants, which define genotypes (PCV3a/b/c), affected binding with hnRNP K. Specifically, PCV3c Cap (V24/K27 and V24/R27) had higher affinity than PCV3a Cap (A24/R27) or PCV3b Cap (A24/K27), consistent with its superior apoptosis-inducing capacity compared to PCV3a/b variants, highlighting the importance of Cap interactions with hnRNP K. In summary, we identified novel molecular determinants of PCV3 pathogenesis that will inform development of vaccines and diagnostics.
摘要：
The T-2 toxin, originating from a Fusarium species, is a mycotoxin that can adversely affect animal health. Melatonin (MT) is a natural hormone recognized for its properties that reduce inflammation and act as an antioxidant. However, MT's capacity to alleviate intestinal harm from T-2 toxin remains incompletely explored. Employing postweaning piglets, this research investigates MT's prophylactic impact on T-2 toxin-induced enterotoxicity. The results indicate that MT improved growth performance in piglets exposed to T-2 toxins while also enhancing intestinal barrier function. Such effects probably stem from MT's ability to reduce colonic oxidative stress and inflammation. Further findings suggest that these changes are closely associated with MT-induced remodeling of intestinal microbiota and an increase in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels in the intestine. MT therefore alleviates T-2 toxin intestinal damage; gut microbiota are the key to this process.
期刊：
VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES,2025年25(2):133 - 141 ISSN：1530-3667
通讯作者：
Wei Liu<&wdkj&>Yisong Liu
作者机构：
[He, Mingye] YiYang Vocational & Technical College, Yiyang, China.;[Luo, Anqi; Liu, Yisong] Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China. Hunan Key Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, China.;[Chen, Shuyu; Tan, Xiaoruo; Li, Zhikang; Liu, Wei] Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
通讯机构：
[Wei Liu; Yisong Liu] R;Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.<&wdkj&>Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China. Hunan Key Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, China.
摘要：
Objective: Spirometra mansoni is a crucial zoonotic parasite. Its larvae are more harmful than adult worms due to their ability to migrate through the host's tissues and organs. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an animal model of spargana for observing pathological changes and exploring diagnostic techniques. Methods: In this study, we infected Kunming mice and cats without any pathogens by feeding sparganum (with the scolex and neck) in order to understand the infection cycle of S. mansoni and explore the preservation host of sparganosis. The infection of S. mansoni was determined by fecal detection and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: In the model of cats, the eggs of S. mansoni were found in the feces ten days after the infection. The serum-specific IgG antibodies against S. mansoni were positive in experimental groups (mice and cats), and after sixty days, the S. mansoni worms isolated from experimental groups were collected. Conclusion: In conclusion, the experimental results show that mice and cats can be stably infected with S. mansoni through feeding sparganum (with the scolex and neck). The infection method of this study has the potential to establish a practical model for investigating the diagnostic process of S. mansoni, laying the groundwork for application and development. ELISA was used to diagnose mice and cats infected with sparganosis mansoni, providing a case for non-invasive identification of animal sparganosis.
作者机构：
[Liu, Zixiao; Dong, Zhenyu; Li, Linmi; Li, Hengkuan; Ren, Gang; Zhang, Jingcheng; Wang, Yong; Wang, Debao; Zhang, Hexu; Li, Wenying; Wu, Jie; Jiao, Mei; Shi, Binqiang; Song, Linjie] Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;[Li, Linmi] Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;[Song, Linjie] College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;[Zhao, Shuhong; Zhao, Yunxia; Liu, Xin; Hu, Mingyang] Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;[Pan, Zhangyuan] Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
通讯机构：
[Zhao, Yunxia; Zhao, Shuhong] Y;[Ren, Gang] C;[Zhang, Yong] K;Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China<&wdkj&>College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China<&wdkj&>Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<&wdkj&>Yazhouwan National Laboratory, 8 Huanjin Road, Yazhou District, Sanya City, Hainan Province 572024, China
关键词：
3D interaction;RNA Pol II;SPDs;ZGA pace;interspecies comparison;zygotic genome activation
摘要：
Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) occurs at distinct stages across mammals, with mice initiating ZGA at the 2-cell stage and bovines and humans activating the process in the 4- to 8-cell stages. RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) gradually initiates ZGA in mice, but regulation in late-ZGA species remains unclear. Here, RNA Pol II profiling in bovine embryos identified strong intergenic clusters that boost minor ZGA gene expression via chromatin interactions and are named super RNA Pol II domains (SPDs). CRISPRi perturbation of SPDs in bovine embryos decreases the expression of minor ZGA genes, whereas the knockdown of these genes disrupts major ZGA and embryogenesis. Rapid enhancement of minor ZGA genes also occurs in human embryos. Alternatively, mouse and porcine oocytes precociously express these minor ZGA genes without SPDs. Thus, SPDs appear to be an adaptation in bovine embryos, promoting minor ZGA gene expression to comparable levels as early-ZGA species, illuminating species-specific regulation of ZGA timing.
Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) occurs at distinct stages across mammals, with mice initiating ZGA at the 2-cell stage and bovines and humans activating the process in the 4- to 8-cell stages. RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) gradually initiates ZGA in mice, but regulation in late-ZGA species remains unclear. Here, RNA Pol II profiling in bovine embryos identified strong intergenic clusters that boost minor ZGA gene expression via chromatin interactions and are named super RNA Pol II domains (SPDs). CRISPRi perturbation of SPDs in bovine embryos decreases the expression of minor ZGA genes, whereas the knockdown of these genes disrupts major ZGA and embryogenesis. Rapid enhancement of minor ZGA genes also occurs in human embryos. Alternatively, mouse and porcine oocytes precociously express these minor ZGA genes without SPDs. Thus, SPDs appear to be an adaptation in bovine embryos, promoting minor ZGA gene expression to comparable levels as early-ZGA species, illuminating species-specific regulation of ZGA timing.
作者机构：
[Feng, Zhixin; Yin, Ruiru; Yu, Yanfei] College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China;[Feng, Zhixin; Yin, Ruiru; Yu, Yanfei] Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, 210014, China;[Gan, Lanxi; Liu, Beibei; Wei, Yanna; Wang, Jia; Li, Shiyang] Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, 210014, China;[Gan, Lanxi; Li, Shiyang] College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410125, China;[Ning, Lihua; Zhao, Han] Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
通讯机构：
[Zhixin Feng] C;College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
关键词：
ERA;Mycoplasma contamination;PCR;qPCR
摘要：
Mycoplasma contamination poses a persistent challenge in cell culture systems and the production of cell-derived biological products, including vaccines and therapeutic drugs. Current detection methods suffer from several limitations: they risk false-negative results due to incomplete species coverage, exhibit high detection limits in molecular assays, and prove time-consuming while lacking sensitivity for certain fastidious mycoplasma species that grow poorly in vitro , as outlined in pharmacopeial testing standards. To address these issues, we developed three improved detection methods—PCR, enzymatic recombinase amplification (ERA), and quantitative PCR (qPCR)—using universal primer pairs targeting conserved regions across 143 mycoplasma species. All three methods demonstrated exceptional specificity, accurately identifying 16 different Mycoplasma species (including those specified in the European Pharmacopoeia [2021] and Japanese Pharmacopoeia [JP16]) while showing no cross-reactivity with common cell culture contaminants (bacteria, viruses, or fungi). Sensitivity testing using a Spiroplasma 16S-23S spacer fragment plasmid revealed detection limits of 10ˆ1 copies for PCR, 10ˆ0 copies for ERA, and an impressive 10ˆ-1 copies for qPCR. Validation studies showed 100% agreement with pharmacopeial gold-standard methods, with our novel methods achieving 17% (PCR), 36.8% (ERA), and 40.6% (qPCR) higher detection rates than conventional approaches and outperforming comparable commercial products. Notably, all three methods significantly reduced testing time to just 1-2 hours. Our results demonstrate substantial improvements in specificity, sensitivity, and detectable species range compared to existing methods. Among these approaches, qPCR emerges as particularly promising due to its superior sensitivity and rapid turnaround, making it ideally suited for quality control in biological product manufacturing and research applications. This advancement represents a significant step forward in mycoplasma contamination monitoring for the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.
Mycoplasma contamination poses a persistent challenge in cell culture systems and the production of cell-derived biological products, including vaccines and therapeutic drugs. Current detection methods suffer from several limitations: they risk false-negative results due to incomplete species coverage, exhibit high detection limits in molecular assays, and prove time-consuming while lacking sensitivity for certain fastidious mycoplasma species that grow poorly in vitro , as outlined in pharmacopeial testing standards. To address these issues, we developed three improved detection methods—PCR, enzymatic recombinase amplification (ERA), and quantitative PCR (qPCR)—using universal primer pairs targeting conserved regions across 143 mycoplasma species. All three methods demonstrated exceptional specificity, accurately identifying 16 different Mycoplasma species (including those specified in the European Pharmacopoeia [2021] and Japanese Pharmacopoeia [JP16]) while showing no cross-reactivity with common cell culture contaminants (bacteria, viruses, or fungi). Sensitivity testing using a Spiroplasma 16S-23S spacer fragment plasmid revealed detection limits of 10ˆ1 copies for PCR, 10ˆ0 copies for ERA, and an impressive 10ˆ-1 copies for qPCR. Validation studies showed 100% agreement with pharmacopeial gold-standard methods, with our novel methods achieving 17% (PCR), 36.8% (ERA), and 40.6% (qPCR) higher detection rates than conventional approaches and outperforming comparable commercial products. Notably, all three methods significantly reduced testing time to just 1-2 hours. Our results demonstrate substantial improvements in specificity, sensitivity, and detectable species range compared to existing methods. Among these approaches, qPCR emerges as particularly promising due to its superior sensitivity and rapid turnaround, making it ideally suited for quality control in biological product manufacturing and research applications. This advancement represents a significant step forward in mycoplasma contamination monitoring for the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.
摘要：
Avian gout (AG) is detrimental to the survival and production performance of poultry and effective drugs are lacking. Caulis sinomenii has shown clinical efficacy against arthritis and may have potential value in AG prevention and treatment. In the present study, the components and targets of C. sinomenii and AG-related targets were identified using relevant databases. The common targets, target interactions, and signaling pathways involved in the prevention and treatment of AG by C. sinomenii were determined using software to explore the potential mechanisms of action. Sixteen components of C. sinomenii, eight of which were active ingredients with 351 targets and 2993 AG-related targets, were identified using several databases. A total of 156 common targets were associated with 202 biological processes and 34 pathways. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 were core targets. These targets may exert therapeutic effects on AG through four pathways: the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor, mammalian target of rapamycin, TLR, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. In summary, C. sinomenii has potential therapeutic efficacy against AG through multicomponent, multi-target, and multi-pathway mechanisms.
摘要：
Citrinin (CTN) is commonly found in animal feed and stored grains and poses a serious threat to human and animal health. Formation of the IP3R1-GRP75-VDAC1 complex has been shown to play a key role in intestinal defense against harmful stimuli, but the mechanism of its action in CTN-exposure-induced enterotoxicity is not clear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of the IP3R1-GRP75-VDAC1 complex in CTN-exposure-induced intestinal and IPEC-J2 monolayer cell damage in mice. It was shown that CTN exposure triggered intestinal cell pyroptosis and increased IP3R1-GRP75-VDAC1 complex formation as well as mitochondrial levels of calcium ions and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). And mtROS is considered to be a key factor in cellular pyroptosis. Therefore, the removal of mtROS by using Mito-Tempo was found to attenuate CTN-exposure-induced cellular pyroptosis but failed to attenuate mitochondrial calcium ion overload. However, silencing of GRP75 alleviated CTN-exposure-induced increases in the level of mtROS, mitochondrial calcium ions, and subsequent cellular pyroptosis. Therefore, this study confirms that CTN exposure induces cellular juxtaposition in intestinal tissues and points out that mitochondrial oxidative stress mediated by the IP3R1-GRP75-VDAC1 complex is a key mechanism by which CTN exposure triggers intestinal cellular pyroptosis.
作者机构：
[Liyun Yuan] College of Agronomy, Xiangyang Polytechnic, Xiangyang, China;[You Huang; Chaoyang Ma; Lijuan Zhu; Li Kong; Chunlin Huang; Wenjiang Yang; Jiayu He; Mingqi Yang; Lin Huang; Jine Yi] Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
通讯机构：
[Jine Yi] H;Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
As a conventional immunosuppressive drug, cyclophosphamide (CYP) exhibits strong hepatotoxicity in clinical applications. Betulinic acid (BA) is a natural triterpenoid that protects against liver damage. However, the underlying mechanism has not yet been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ameliorative effects of BA on CYP-induced hepatotoxicity and further clarify the underlying mechanism. BA pretreatment mitigated CYP-induced liver oxidative damage by alleviating histopathological lesions, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and restoring the mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes (Cu-Sod, Mn-Sod, Cat, and Gsh-Px). BA treatment also suppressed CYP-induced oxidative stress by activating the NRF2 pathway and inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, BA attenuated CYP-triggered hepatic apoptosis by suppressing excessive mitochondrial fission, boosting mitochondrial fusion, and ameliorating pro-apoptotic protein expression (CASP9 and the ratio of BCL-2/BAX) by blocking the oxidative stress-activated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, PD98059 (an inhibitor of ERK) and/or BA abated CYP-provoked hepatotoxicity by inhibiting the ERK-MAPK and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways, implying that deactivation of the ERK-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway contributed to the hepatoprotective efficacy of BA against CYP-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, BA could be used as a complementary medicine in patients undergoing CYP treatment owing to its hepatoprotective effects.
作者机构：
[Yi-Tian Fu] Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. fyt1997118@163.com;[Yi-Tian Fu] Research Center for Parasites and Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China. fyt1997118@163.com;[Yuan-Ping Deng; Guo-Hua Liu; Yan-Yan Peng; Hui-Mei Wang] Research Center for Parasites and Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China;[Yue Xie] Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China;[Xiang Wu] Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. wxspring@hotmail.com
通讯机构：
[Yi-Tian Fu; Xiang Wu] D;Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Research Center for Parasites and Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
关键词：
Head lice;Prevalence;Impact factor;Schoolchildren;Duplex PCR
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) infestation is a worldwide public health concern, especially in school-aged children. However, its main impact factors and genetic characteristics remain poorly understood in China. Hence, the purpose of the study was to explore the precise association between multiple impact factors and head lice infestation, characterize the genetic variation of the head lice, and develop a sensitive and specific mitochondrial (mt) DNA duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for accurately distinguishing clades A and B. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hunan Province, central China from January 2018 to July 2023. A total of 9254 schoolchildren from 48 primary schools in each administrative region were examined for head lice. Impact factors for infestation were analyzed using the data collected by a questionnaire. The mt cytb gene sequences of head lice collected in the current study were used for sequence analysis, then were added to the global pool to conduct the phylogenetic analyses. Primers designed on the basis of this gene sequence were used in duplex PCR to diagnose head lice clades A and B by amplicon size. RESULTS: Head lice infestation was found in 93.8% (45/48) of the primary schools included in the study. Overall, 6.8% (630/9254) of the examined schoolchildren harbored head lice, with 94.6% (596/630) being girls. A total of 2132 adult head lice were collected from 630 infested cases. The impact factors for head lice infestation included gender, school location, family situation, per capita income, study mode, and hair washing per week (p < 0.01). However, season and age were not considered as impact factors for head lice prevalence (p > 0.05). Phylogenetic analysis based on mt cytb gene sequences showed that head lice are classified into two clades (A and B), with clade B being more dominant in Hunan Province, central China. The newly developed duplex PCR was able to differentiate clades A from B in China with 100% sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings revealed that head lice infestation is mostly associated with poverty and poor hygiene in Hunan Province, central China. It is crucial to consider the simultaneous surveillance of head lice infestation in schoolchildren in regions with low level of socioeconomic status; however, datasets from other provinces are warranted to confirm the findings. It further showed that clades A and B are common in central China and that the latter has emerged and become the dominant one.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Gelsemium elegans (G. elegans) is widely recognized as one of the most toxic plants globally, particularly harmful to humans. Some reports indicate that it is non-toxic to pigs and even has a growth-promoting effect; however, the underlying reasons for this paradox remain unclear. METHODS: Gelsenicine is the main toxic component of G. elegans. This study characterized gelsenicine-induced toxicity using electrophysiological recordings, molecular dynamic simulations, c-Fos immunostaining, and multi-omics technologies. Additionally, we conducted a comprehensive analysis comparing the toxic effects of gelsenicine across various animal species through examinations of tissue distribution, blood gas analysis, metabonomics, and behavioral tests. RESULTS: We demonstrated that gelsenicine-induced hypoxia leads to respiratory depression in mice by enhancing the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on GABA receptors (GABARs). Glycine significantly ameliorated hypoxia and improved the survival of gelsenicine-poisoned mice. Under gelsenicine-induced hypoxic conditions, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function and mitochondrial energy metabolism processes were perturbed, resulting in neuronal excitotoxicity. Finally, we confirmed that pigs could tolerate hypoxia and were resistant to gelsenicine toxicity due to high concentrations of circulating glycine and low levels of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that hypoxic protection should be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for gelsenicine poisoning. Our study contributes to preventing potential risks posed by G. elegans poisoning to human and animal health.
作者：
Yao Zhang;Li-Mei Pan;Yi-Song Liu;De-Tian Mu;Wen-Qiang Chen;...
期刊：
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2025年:110069 ISSN：0981-9428
通讯作者：
Zhao-Ying Liu
作者机构：
[Yao Zhang; De-Tian Mu; Wen-Qiang Chen; Ying Lu; Li-Ya Wang; Qi Tang] College of Horticulture, Yuelushan Laboratory & National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Li-Mei Pan] Guangxi Key Laboratory of for High-Quality Formation and Utilization of Dao-Di Herbs, National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China;[Yi-Song Liu; Meng-Ting Zuo; Zhao-Ying Liu] College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China;[Iain W. Wilson] CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;[De-You Qiu] State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
通讯机构：
[Zhao-Ying Liu] C;College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
摘要：
Gelsemium elegans a plant of the Loganiaceae family, is highly toxic and contains many alkaloids of potential pharmacological value. Koumine, is the most abundant component of G. elegans , and belongs to monoterpene indole alkaloids and is valued in medical research as it has important anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic properties. The biosynthesis pathway of this compound has been little studied, and is poorly understood, limiting the ability to improve koumine production via breeding or synthetic biology. To investigate G. elegans biosynthesis of koumine, its genomes was sequenced and assembled (331.82 Mb) and a comprehensive transcriptome cDNA library from different tissues and hormone treatments constructed and sequenced using PacBio (10.9 Gb subreads). Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques, we identified 29 alkaloids in extracts of G. elegans and analyzed their synthesis and accumulation in different tissues and this data was compared to the transcriptomic data to identify 20 candidate genes likely to be involved in the synthesis of koumine. Finally, a preliminary validation of the functions of two candidate genes GeLAMT and GeTDC were performed and found that both proteins catalyze the production of products in koumine biosynthesis. This data provides a rich molecular resource for the study of G. elegans , as well as the first functional validation of genes in G. elegans , that will help to inform further MIA biosynthetic pathway studies.
Gelsemium elegans a plant of the Loganiaceae family, is highly toxic and contains many alkaloids of potential pharmacological value. Koumine, is the most abundant component of G. elegans , and belongs to monoterpene indole alkaloids and is valued in medical research as it has important anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic properties. The biosynthesis pathway of this compound has been little studied, and is poorly understood, limiting the ability to improve koumine production via breeding or synthetic biology. To investigate G. elegans biosynthesis of koumine, its genomes was sequenced and assembled (331.82 Mb) and a comprehensive transcriptome cDNA library from different tissues and hormone treatments constructed and sequenced using PacBio (10.9 Gb subreads). Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques, we identified 29 alkaloids in extracts of G. elegans and analyzed their synthesis and accumulation in different tissues and this data was compared to the transcriptomic data to identify 20 candidate genes likely to be involved in the synthesis of koumine. Finally, a preliminary validation of the functions of two candidate genes GeLAMT and GeTDC were performed and found that both proteins catalyze the production of products in koumine biosynthesis. This data provides a rich molecular resource for the study of G. elegans , as well as the first functional validation of genes in G. elegans , that will help to inform further MIA biosynthetic pathway studies.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Cooling is one of the most common and economical methods to ameliorate heat stress (HS), and it has been discovered to alter the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin level in ruminants. However, whether the endotoxin variation induced by cooling relates to the quorum sensing (QS) within the ruminal microflora remains unknown. The current study was consequently performed to examine whether cooling could influence the endotoxin distribution across different biofluids, ruminal microbiota, and ruminal metabolisms through affecting the QS of rumen microorganisms in beef cattle exposed to HS. Thirty-two Simmental bulls were used as experimental animals and randomly assigned to either the control (CON) group, or the mechanical ventilation and water spray (MVWS) treatment. The temperature-humidity index (THI) was recorded throughout this trial, and samples of the rumen liquid, blood, and urine were collected. RESULTS: Cooling significantly lowered (P < 0.05) the temperature-humidity index (THI), ruminal endotoxin, and endotoxin concentration and excretion in urine, and significantly raised endotoxin level in blood (P < 0.05), but did not change the ruminal concentrations of QS signals including 3-OXO-C6-HSL and the AI-2 (P > 0.05). The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed that Prevotellaceae, Rikenellaceae, Monoglobales and their affiliated members, as well as other bacterial taxa were significantly differently (P < 0.05) enriched between the two treatments. The Tax4Fun2 prediction suggested that QS function was upregulated in MVWS compared to CON. The metabolomic analysis indicated that cooling altered the ruminal metabolism profile and downregulated the pathways of lysine degradation, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis. The significant (P < 0.05) correlations of the differential bacteria and metabolites with endotoxin and QS molecules were also demonstrated through Spearman analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this trial, it could be speculated that the cooling reshaped the endotoxin distribution across different biofluids through manipulating ruminal microbiota and metabolome, which might involve the participation of QS. Further investigations are warranted to disclose and verify the mechanisms for those correlations found in this study.
期刊：
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis,2025年:107720 ISSN：0889-1575
作者机构：
[Dan Yang] College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China;[Yongxia Fu] Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China;[Zhenyu Liu] College of Biomass Science & Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China;[Han Wang] College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China;College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
Daylily ( Hemerocallis citrina Borani) possesses rich nutritional values, while their nutritional quality significantly varies across different production areas due to environmental factors. Herein, we investigated the differences in nutritional composition of daylilies from Datong (DT) in Shanxi, Dali (DL) in Shaanxi, Qingyang (QY) in Gansu, Wuzhong (WZ) in Ningxia, Suqian (SQ) in Jiangsu, and Shaodong (SD) in Hunan. DT had the highest protein, reducing sugar (RS), hydrolyzed amino acids, and free amino acids content, while its vitamin content ranked second only to QY, securing the second position overall. Also, SD had the highest levels of sucrose and fructose. Principal component analysis indicated that the comprehensive score of DT was higher than that in other regions. Redundancy analyses combined with geographic location, climate factors, soil nutrients and metagenome revealed that annual average temperature (AAT), total potassium (TK), Methylomirabilota and Rokubacteriales were the key environmental factors affecting daylily in different production areas. Notably, microbial phyla Methylomirabilota was the most crucial environmental factor. Overall, northern producing areas (DT, QY, WZ and DL) with higher TK, and lower AAT, Methylomirabilota and Rokubacteriales were conducive to the accumulation of protein, RS, and vitamin C in daylily. While southern producing areas (SD and SQ) with lower TK, higher AAT, and rich in the above microbial phyla and genera favored the accumulation of sucrose and fructose. This study provides important insights for the nutrition improvement of daylilies in different regions.
Daylily ( Hemerocallis citrina Borani) possesses rich nutritional values, while their nutritional quality significantly varies across different production areas due to environmental factors. Herein, we investigated the differences in nutritional composition of daylilies from Datong (DT) in Shanxi, Dali (DL) in Shaanxi, Qingyang (QY) in Gansu, Wuzhong (WZ) in Ningxia, Suqian (SQ) in Jiangsu, and Shaodong (SD) in Hunan. DT had the highest protein, reducing sugar (RS), hydrolyzed amino acids, and free amino acids content, while its vitamin content ranked second only to QY, securing the second position overall. Also, SD had the highest levels of sucrose and fructose. Principal component analysis indicated that the comprehensive score of DT was higher than that in other regions. Redundancy analyses combined with geographic location, climate factors, soil nutrients and metagenome revealed that annual average temperature (AAT), total potassium (TK), Methylomirabilota and Rokubacteriales were the key environmental factors affecting daylily in different production areas. Notably, microbial phyla Methylomirabilota was the most crucial environmental factor. Overall, northern producing areas (DT, QY, WZ and DL) with higher TK, and lower AAT, Methylomirabilota and Rokubacteriales were conducive to the accumulation of protein, RS, and vitamin C in daylily. While southern producing areas (SD and SQ) with lower TK, higher AAT, and rich in the above microbial phyla and genera favored the accumulation of sucrose and fructose. This study provides important insights for the nutrition improvement of daylilies in different regions.
作者机构：
[Bai, Binghan; Zhu, Maokun; Zheng, Fan; Ran, Hengdong; Feng, Simeng; Dong, Wei; Yuan, Xiaomin] Hunan Agr Univ HUNAU, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[He, Jiayi] Changsha Green Leaf Bio Technol Co LTD, Changsha 410119, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Bin] Jiangsu Acad Agr Sci, Inst Vet Med, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;[Wen, Lixin] Inst Yunnan Circular Agr Ind, Puer 665000, Yunnan, Peoples R China.;[Yuan, Xiaomin] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, 1 Nongda Rd, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yuan, XM ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, 1 Nongda Rd, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Antiviral;Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3;Pseudorabies virus;Recombinant lactic acid bacteria
摘要：
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) causes high mortality encephalitis in newborn piglets, abortion and stillbirth in sows, resulting in huge economic losses to the swine industry. Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) play a crucial role in the innate immune response triggered by viral infection. Lactic acid bacteria (LABs) are good candidates for the development of new oral vaccines and are attractive alternatives to attenuated pathogens. “Here we tested the capacity of a LAB vector expressing the IFITM3 protein (r-LAB-I3), delivered by oral gavage, to protect mice against PRV challenge. Furthermore, the r-LAB-I3 treated groups showed markedly diminished levels of viral DNA in brain, lung, spleen and liver tissues, which resulted in protection against brain and lung damage. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of IFITM3 on PRV circumvents the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines. As r-LAB-I3 oral gavage platforms can restrict in various organs and tissues of PRV in mice, recombinant LAB may generate additional innovative and efficient live vector anti-PRV candidates.
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) causes high mortality encephalitis in newborn piglets, abortion and stillbirth in sows, resulting in huge economic losses to the swine industry. Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) play a crucial role in the innate immune response triggered by viral infection. Lactic acid bacteria (LABs) are good candidates for the development of new oral vaccines and are attractive alternatives to attenuated pathogens. “Here we tested the capacity of a LAB vector expressing the IFITM3 protein (r-LAB-I3), delivered by oral gavage, to protect mice against PRV challenge. Furthermore, the r-LAB-I3 treated groups showed markedly diminished levels of viral DNA in brain, lung, spleen and liver tissues, which resulted in protection against brain and lung damage. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of IFITM3 on PRV circumvents the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines. As r-LAB-I3 oral gavage platforms can restrict in various organs and tissues of PRV in mice, recombinant LAB may generate additional innovative and efficient live vector anti-PRV candidates.
摘要：
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite capable of establishing chronic infections, with potential reactivation in immunocompromised individuals. However, the molecular mechanisms governing tachyzoite-to-bradyzoite differentiation remain incompletely understood. Previous studies have identified AP2 transcription factors as key regulators of this developmental switch. In this study, we investigated the role of the AP2 factor AP2X-8. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that AP2X-8 is constitutively expressed in the nucleus of both tachyzoite and bradyzoite stages. Using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated homologous recombination, we successfully generated an ap2X-8 knockout strain. Phenotypic assays including plaque formation, invasion, replication, and egress, and bradyzoite differentiation assays, were then performed to assess the impact of ap2X-8 deletion. Our analyses showed that the loss of ap2X-8 significantly impaired plaque formation and intracellular replication, while invasion and egress were unaffected. Furthermore, ap2X-8 knockout enhanced bradyzoite differentiation in vitro. Despite these changes, deletion of ap2X-8 did not alter parasite virulence in a mouse infection model. These findings demonstrate that AP2X-8 is an important regulator of T. gondii tachyzoite growth and bradyzoite differentiation, offering new insights into the parasite's developmental regulation.
摘要：
OBJECTIVE: The active metabolite of vitamin A, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells, and promotes the follicular development, oocyte maturation, and ovulation in mammals. This study aims to investigate the ATRA induced potential long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that regulate the expression of genes associated with granulosa cell proliferation and follicular development. METHODS: The lncRNA and mRNA profiles of porcine granulosa cells from ATRA treatment and control group in vitro were constructed through RNA sequencing. Meanwhile, the sequencing data were verified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS: A total of 86 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 128 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in granulosa cells after ATRA treatment. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results were consistent with the RNA-seq data. Functional annotation analysis revealed that the DEGs were remarkably enriched in ovary function and reproduction which contained FoxO, Hippo, Oocyte meiosis, mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway, as well as several pathways associated with hormone regulation like oxytocin signaling pathway and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Moreover, an interaction network of lncRNAs and their cis-target DEGs was constructed, and 7 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 6 cis-target DEGs were enriched in ovarian steroidogenesis and reproduction. CONCLUSION: These findings expand the lncRNA catalogue and provide a basis for further studies on the mechanism of ATRA-mediated lncRNA regulation of follicular development in pigs.
摘要：
Sanguinarine (SAN) is an alkaloid with multiple biological activities, mainly extracted from Sanguinaria canadensis or Macleaya cordata. The low bioavailability of SAN limits its utilization. At present, the nature and mechanism of SAN intestinal absorption are still unclear. The pharmacokinetics, single-pass intestinal perfusion test (SPIP), and equilibrium solubility test of SAN in rats were studied. The absorption of SAN at 20, 40, and 80 mg/L in different intestinal segments was investigated, and verapamil hydrochloride (P-gp inhibitor), celecoxib (MPR2 inhibitor), and ko143 (BCRP inhibitor) were further used to determine the effect of efflux transporter proteins on SAN absorption. The equilibrium solubility of SAN in three buffer solutions (pH 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8) was investigated. The oral pharmacokinetic results in rats showed that SAN was rapidly absorbed (T(max)=0.5 h), widely distributed (Vz/F = 134 L/kg), rapidly metabolized (CL = 30 L/h/kg), and had bimodal phenomena. SPIP experiments showed that P-gp protein could significantly affect the effective permeability coefficient (P(eff)) and apparent absorption rate constant (Ka) of SAN. Equilibrium solubility test results show that SAN has the best solubility at pH 4.5. In conclusion, SAN is a substrate of P-gp, and its transport modes include efflux protein transport, passive transport and active transport.
作者机构：
[Li, Xin; Yang, Haifei; Liu, Yong-Xin; Bai, Defeng; Gao, Yunyun; Wan, Xiulin; Yousuf, Salsabeel; Zhang, Tianyuan; Hou, Huiyu; Xun, Jiani; Zeng, Meiyin; Luo, Hao; Lv, Hujie; Ma, Chuang; Wang, Yao] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Agr Genom Inst Shenzhen, Genome Anal Lab, Minist Agr & Rural Affairs, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Chen, T; Chen, Tong] China Acad Chinese Med Sci, Natl Resource Ctr Chinese Mat Med, State Key Lab Qual Ensurance & Sustainable Use Da, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Wen, Tao] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Resource & Environm Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Shifu] Gannan Med Univ, LifeX Inst, Sch Med Technol, Ganzhou, Peoples R China.;[Li, GL; Li, Guoliang] Jiangxi Agr Univ, Coll Forestry, Jiangxi Prov Key Lab Conservat Biol, Nanchang, Jiangxi, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, SF ] G;[Li, GL ] J;[Gao, YY; Chen, T ; Liu, YX ] C;[Wen, T ] N;China Acad Chinese Med Sci, Natl Resource Ctr Chinese Mat Med, State Key Lab Qual Ensurance & Sustainable Use Da, Beijing, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Shotgun metagenomics has become a pivotal technology in microbiome research, enabling in-depth analysis of microbial communities at both the high-resolution taxonomic and functional levels. This approach provides valuable insights of microbial diversity, interactions, and their roles in health and disease. However, the complexity of data processing and the need for reproducibility pose significant challenges to researchers. To address these challenges, we developed EasyMetagenome, a user-friendly pipeline that supports multiple analysis methods, including quality control and host removal, read-based, assembly-based, and binning, along with advanced genome analysis. The pipeline also features customizable settings, comprehensive data visualizations, and detailed parameter explanations, ensuring its adaptability across a wide range of data scenarios. Looking forward, we aim to refine the pipeline by addressing host contamination issues, optimizing workflows for third-generation sequencing data, and integrating emerging technologies like deep learning and network analysis, to further enhance microbiome insights and data accuracy. EasyMetageonome is freely available at https://github.com/YongxinLiu/EasyMetagenome .
EasyMetagenome offers multiple installation options and detailed question and answer explanations.
EasyMetagenome includes detailed parameter explanations to accommodate various data scenarios, ensuring flexibility and adaptability.
EasyMetagenome supports comprehensive downstream analysis from raw data, including read-based, assembly-based, binning, and genome analysis, with the ability to generate publication-ready visualizations.
EasyMetagenome is developed as an open-source project, encouraging collaboration from the community. It's available for access and contribution at https://github.com/YongxinLiu/EasyMetagenome .
摘要：
Traditional transdermal drug delivery methods are often plagued by technical inefficiencies, limited absorption, and the potential for adverse reactions. In contrast, dissolving microneedles (DMNs) offer a novel approach to transdermal drug delivery by effectively merging the benefits of subcutaneous injection with those of conventional transdermal methods. These microneedles dissolve completely within the body, releasing the encapsulated antigen without leaving any sharp remnants. Furthermore, DMNs overcome the limitations of traditional transdermal patches, which are restricted to delivering only small molecule drugs. By facilitating the efficient transdermal absorption of large molecules, DMNs enable precise and painless disease treatment. With advantages such as effective delivery, safety, controllable administration, DMNs hold significant promise in the fields of disease treatment and drug delivery. This article explores the substrate materials, preparation techniques, characterization methods, and current applications of DMNs. We also discuss the current challenges and obstacles faced by DMNs. Finally, we outline potential future research directions for DMNs, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for researchers involved in their preparation and application.
Traditional transdermal drug delivery methods are often plagued by technical inefficiencies, limited absorption, and the potential for adverse reactions. In contrast, dissolving microneedles (DMNs) offer a novel approach to transdermal drug delivery by effectively merging the benefits of subcutaneous injection with those of conventional transdermal methods. These microneedles dissolve completely within the body, releasing the encapsulated antigen without leaving any sharp remnants. Furthermore, DMNs overcome the limitations of traditional transdermal patches, which are restricted to delivering only small molecule drugs. By facilitating the efficient transdermal absorption of large molecules, DMNs enable precise and painless disease treatment. With advantages such as effective delivery, safety, controllable administration, DMNs hold significant promise in the fields of disease treatment and drug delivery. This article explores the substrate materials, preparation techniques, characterization methods, and current applications of DMNs. We also discuss the current challenges and obstacles faced by DMNs. Finally, we outline potential future research directions for DMNs, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for researchers involved in their preparation and application.
