摘要：
Objective: Spirometra mansoni is a crucial zoonotic parasite. Its larvae are more harmful than adult worms due to their ability to migrate through the host's tissues and organs. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an animal model of spargana for observing pathological changes and exploring diagnostic techniques. Methods: In this study, we infected Kunming mice and cats without any pathogens by feeding sparganum (with the scolex and neck) in order to understand the infection cycle of S. mansoni and explore the preservation host of sparganosis. The infection of S. mansoni was determined by fecal detection and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: In the model of cats, the eggs of S. mansoni were found in the feces ten days after the infection. The serum-specific IgG antibodies against S. mansoni were positive in experimental groups (mice and cats), and after sixty days, the S. mansoni worms isolated from experimental groups were collected. Conclusion: In conclusion, the experimental results show that mice and cats can be stably infected with S. mansoni through feeding sparganum (with the scolex and neck). The infection method of this study has the potential to establish a practical model for investigating the diagnostic process of S. mansoni, laying the groundwork for application and development. ELISA was used to diagnose mice and cats infected with sparganosis mansoni, providing a case for non-invasive identification of animal sparganosis.
摘要：
Avian gout (AG) is detrimental to the survival and production performance of poultry and effective drugs are lacking. Caulis sinomenii has shown clinical efficacy against arthritis and may have potential value in AG prevention and treatment. In the present study, the components and targets of C. sinomenii and AG-related targets were identified using relevant databases. The common targets, target interactions, and signaling pathways involved in the prevention and treatment of AG by C. sinomenii were determined using software to explore the potential mechanisms of action. Sixteen components of C. sinomenii, eight of which were active ingredients with 351 targets and 2993 AG-related targets, were identified using several databases. A total of 156 common targets were associated with 202 biological processes and 34 pathways. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 were core targets. These targets may exert therapeutic effects on AG through four pathways: the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor, mammalian target of rapamycin, TLR, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. In summary, C. sinomenii has potential therapeutic efficacy against AG through multicomponent, multi-target, and multi-pathway mechanisms.
摘要：
Citrinin (CTN) is commonly found in animal feed and stored grains and poses a serious threat to human and animal health. Formation of the IP3R1-GRP75-VDAC1 complex has been shown to play a key role in intestinal defense against harmful stimuli, but the mechanism of its action in CTN-exposure-induced enterotoxicity is not clear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of the IP3R1-GRP75-VDAC1 complex in CTN-exposure-induced intestinal and IPEC-J2 monolayer cell damage in mice. It was shown that CTN exposure triggered intestinal cell pyroptosis and increased IP3R1-GRP75-VDAC1 complex formation as well as mitochondrial levels of calcium ions and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). And mtROS is considered to be a key factor in cellular pyroptosis. Therefore, the removal of mtROS by using Mito-Tempo was found to attenuate CTN-exposure-induced cellular pyroptosis but failed to attenuate mitochondrial calcium ion overload. However, silencing of GRP75 alleviated CTN-exposure-induced increases in the level of mtROS, mitochondrial calcium ions, and subsequent cellular pyroptosis. Therefore, this study confirms that CTN exposure induces cellular juxtaposition in intestinal tissues and points out that mitochondrial oxidative stress mediated by the IP3R1-GRP75-VDAC1 complex is a key mechanism by which CTN exposure triggers intestinal cellular pyroptosis.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY,2025年 ISSN：0021-8561
作者机构：
[Liu, Xiaofang; Li, Yuanyuan; Liu, Shuiping; Yi, Jine; Xiao, Wenguang; Wu, You; Xiao, Bo; Yuan, Zhihang; Wang, Yongkang; Wu, Jing; Wu, Aoao; Zhang, Qike] Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Liang, Zengenni] Department of Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
The T-2 toxin, originating from a Fusarium species, is a mycotoxin that can adversely affect animal health. Melatonin (MT) is a natural hormone recognized for its properties that reduce inflammation and act as an antioxidant. However, MT's capacity to alleviate intestinal harm from T-2 toxin remains incompletely explored. Employing postweaning piglets, this research investigates MT's prophylactic impact on T-2 toxin-induced enterotoxicity. The results indicate that MT improved growth performance in piglets exposed to T-2 toxins while also enhancing intestinal barrier function. Such effects probably stem from MT's ability to reduce colonic oxidative stress and inflammation. Further findings suggest that these changes are closely associated with MT-induced remodeling of intestinal microbiota and an increase in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels in the intestine. MT therefore alleviates T-2 toxin intestinal damage; gut microbiota are the key to this process.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Gelsemium elegans (G. elegans) is widely recognized as one of the most toxic plants globally, particularly harmful to humans. Some reports indicate that it is non-toxic to pigs and even has a growth-promoting effect; however, the underlying reasons for this paradox remain unclear. METHODS: Gelsenicine is the main toxic component of G. elegans. This study characterized gelsenicine-induced toxicity using electrophysiological recordings, molecular dynamic simulations, c-Fos immunostaining, and multi-omics technologies. Additionally, we conducted a comprehensive analysis comparing the toxic effects of gelsenicine across various animal species through examinations of tissue distribution, blood gas analysis, metabonomics, and behavioral tests. RESULTS: We demonstrated that gelsenicine-induced hypoxia leads to respiratory depression in mice by enhancing the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on GABA receptors (GABARs). Glycine significantly ameliorated hypoxia and improved the survival of gelsenicine-poisoned mice. Under gelsenicine-induced hypoxic conditions, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function and mitochondrial energy metabolism processes were perturbed, resulting in neuronal excitotoxicity. Finally, we confirmed that pigs could tolerate hypoxia and were resistant to gelsenicine toxicity due to high concentrations of circulating glycine and low levels of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that hypoxic protection should be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for gelsenicine poisoning. Our study contributes to preventing potential risks posed by G. elegans poisoning to human and animal health.
摘要：
Traditional transdermal drug delivery methods are often plagued by technical inefficiencies, limited absorption, and the potential for adverse reactions. In contrast, dissolving microneedles (DMNs) offer a novel approach to transdermal drug delivery by effectively merging the benefits of subcutaneous injection with those of conventional transdermal methods. These microneedles dissolve completely within the body, releasing the encapsulated antigen without leaving any sharp remnants. Furthermore, DMNs overcome the limitations of traditional transdermal patches, which are restricted to delivering only small molecule drugs. By facilitating the efficient transdermal absorption of large molecules, DMNs enable precise and painless disease treatment. With advantages such as effective delivery, safety, controllable administration, DMNs hold significant promise in the fields of disease treatment and drug delivery. This article explores the substrate materials, preparation techniques, characterization methods, and current applications of DMNs. We also discuss the current challenges and obstacles faced by DMNs. Finally, we outline potential future research directions for DMNs, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for researchers involved in their preparation and application.
Traditional transdermal drug delivery methods are often plagued by technical inefficiencies, limited absorption, and the potential for adverse reactions. In contrast, dissolving microneedles (DMNs) offer a novel approach to transdermal drug delivery by effectively merging the benefits of subcutaneous injection with those of conventional transdermal methods. These microneedles dissolve completely within the body, releasing the encapsulated antigen without leaving any sharp remnants. Furthermore, DMNs overcome the limitations of traditional transdermal patches, which are restricted to delivering only small molecule drugs. By facilitating the efficient transdermal absorption of large molecules, DMNs enable precise and painless disease treatment. With advantages such as effective delivery, safety, controllable administration, DMNs hold significant promise in the fields of disease treatment and drug delivery. This article explores the substrate materials, preparation techniques, characterization methods, and current applications of DMNs. We also discuss the current challenges and obstacles faced by DMNs. Finally, we outline potential future research directions for DMNs, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for researchers involved in their preparation and application.
摘要：
OBJECTIVE: The active metabolite of vitamin A, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells, and promotes the follicular development, oocyte maturation, and ovulation in mammals. This study aims to investigate the ATRA induced potential long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that regulate the expression of genes associated with granulosa cell proliferation and follicular development. METHODS: The lncRNA and mRNA profiles of porcine granulosa cells from ATRA treatment and control group in vitro were constructed through RNA sequencing. Meanwhile, the sequencing data were verified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS: A total of 86 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 128 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in granulosa cells after ATRA treatment. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results were consistent with the RNA-seq data. Functional annotation analysis revealed that the DEGs were remarkably enriched in ovary function and reproduction which contained FoxO, Hippo, Oocyte meiosis, mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway, as well as several pathways associated with hormone regulation like oxytocin signaling pathway and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Moreover, an interaction network of lncRNAs and their cis-target DEGs was constructed, and 7 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 6 cis-target DEGs were enriched in ovarian steroidogenesis and reproduction. CONCLUSION: These findings expand the lncRNA catalogue and provide a basis for further studies on the mechanism of ATRA-mediated lncRNA regulation of follicular development in pigs.
通讯作者：
Tong Chen<&wdkj&>Tao Wen<&wdkj&>Shifu Chen<&wdkj&>Guoliang Li<&wdkj&>Yunyun Gao<&wdkj&>Yong-Xin Liu
作者机构：
[Yong-Xin Liu; Haifei Yang; Defeng Bai; Xiulin Wan; Salsabeel Yousuf; Tianyuan Zhang; Huiyu Hou; Jiani Xun; Meiyin Zeng; Hao Luo; Hujie Lv; Chuang Ma; Yao Wang; Yunyun Gao] Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenzhen Guangdong China;[Tong Chen] State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China;[Chuang Ma] School of Horticulture Anhui Agricultural University Hefei China;[Haifei Yang] College of Life Sciences Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China;[Chen Cao] Key Laboratory for Bio-Electromagnetic Environment and Advanced Medical Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu China
摘要：
Shotgun metagenomics has become a pivotal technology in microbiome research, enabling in-depth analysis of microbial communities at both the high-resolution taxonomic and functional levels. This approach provides valuable insights of microbial diversity, interactions, and their roles in health and disease. However, the complexity of data processing and the need for reproducibility pose significant challenges to researchers. To address these challenges, we developed EasyMetagenome, a user-friendly pipeline that supports multiple analysis methods, including quality control and host removal, read-based, assembly-based, and binning, along with advanced genome analysis. The pipeline also features customizable settings, comprehensive data visualizations, and detailed parameter explanations, ensuring its adaptability across a wide range of data scenarios. Looking forward, we aim to refine the pipeline by addressing host contamination issues, optimizing workflows for third-generation sequencing data, and integrating emerging technologies like deep learning and network analysis, to further enhance microbiome insights and data accuracy. EasyMetageonome is freely available at https://github.com/YongxinLiu/EasyMetagenome .
EasyMetagenome offers multiple installation options and detailed question and answer explanations.
EasyMetagenome includes detailed parameter explanations to accommodate various data scenarios, ensuring flexibility and adaptability.
EasyMetagenome supports comprehensive downstream analysis from raw data, including read-based, assembly-based, binning, and genome analysis, with the ability to generate publication-ready visualizations.
EasyMetagenome is developed as an open-source project, encouraging collaboration from the community. It's available for access and contribution at https://github.com/YongxinLiu/EasyMetagenome .
摘要：
Gelsemium has a long history of medicinal use but is also a poisonous plant. Some low-toxicity alkaloids in Gelsemium exhibit anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and other pharmacological effects; however, certain alkaloids in Gelsemium are highly toxic. Nevertheless, the molecular targets underlying the biological effects of Gelsemium alkaloids remain poorly understood. We employed electrophysiological techniques and molecular modeling to examine the modulatory effects of Gelsemium alkaloids on inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors, as well as to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their molecular interactions. Our findings indicate that low-toxicity alkaloids primarily exert their pharmacological effects through actions on glycine receptors, with the binding site located at the orthosteric site between two α-subunits. Both highly toxic and low-toxicity alkaloids target GABAA receptors, using the β+/α- interface transmembrane structural domains as common binding sites. These results identify the targets through which Gelsemium alkaloids affect the central nervous system and predict the binding modes and key amino acids involved from a computational modeling perspective. However, further experimental validation through mutational studies is necessary to strengthen these findings.
摘要：
Intestinal injury of weaned piglets often leads to reduced immunity, diarrhea and growth retardation, resulting in significant economic losses to agriculture. Betulinic acid (BA) is a natural plant-derived active ingredient with multiple pharmacological activities including immune modulation and anti-inflammatory. This study was aimed to investigate the potential mechanism that BA as a feed additive mitigated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal injury in piglets. The results indicated that BA pretreatment improved the morphology and structure of the intestine, enhanced intestinal mucosal barrier function, and activated the PPAR signaling pathway to reduce the mRNA levels of intestinal CD40 and CXCL13 . Meanwhile, BA pretreatment improved the LPS-induced disruption of intestinal microbiota by increasing the abundance of the Firmicutes and decreasing the abundance of the Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria . Furthermore, BA pretreatment activated the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis, restored a balance to mitochondrial dynamics, and modulated the PINK1/Parkin, BNIP3 and FUNDC1 signaling pathways to activate mitophagy, thereby alleviating LPS-induced intestinal injury. Overall, the present study elucidated that dietary supplementation with BA could alleviate LPS-induced intestinal injury in weaned piglets by regulating mitochondrial quality control, which provided a novel approach for alleviating intestinal stress in weaned piglets.
Intestinal injury of weaned piglets often leads to reduced immunity, diarrhea and growth retardation, resulting in significant economic losses to agriculture. Betulinic acid (BA) is a natural plant-derived active ingredient with multiple pharmacological activities including immune modulation and anti-inflammatory. This study was aimed to investigate the potential mechanism that BA as a feed additive mitigated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal injury in piglets. The results indicated that BA pretreatment improved the morphology and structure of the intestine, enhanced intestinal mucosal barrier function, and activated the PPAR signaling pathway to reduce the mRNA levels of intestinal CD40 and CXCL13 . Meanwhile, BA pretreatment improved the LPS-induced disruption of intestinal microbiota by increasing the abundance of the Firmicutes and decreasing the abundance of the Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria . Furthermore, BA pretreatment activated the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis, restored a balance to mitochondrial dynamics, and modulated the PINK1/Parkin, BNIP3 and FUNDC1 signaling pathways to activate mitophagy, thereby alleviating LPS-induced intestinal injury. Overall, the present study elucidated that dietary supplementation with BA could alleviate LPS-induced intestinal injury in weaned piglets by regulating mitochondrial quality control, which provided a novel approach for alleviating intestinal stress in weaned piglets.
摘要：
Allocryptopine (ALL), a principal active component of the novel veterinary medicine Bopu Powder®, has gained widespread application in the poultry farming sector for the effective management of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) diarrhea. In order to explore the metabolites and the pivotal enzymes associated with ALL, this study was conducted employing an in vitro chicken liver microsomal incubation. The metabolites of ALL were analyzed and identified by combining isotope tracing technology with the application of mass spectrometry fragmentation patterns. The key metabolic enzymes involved in the biotransformation of ALL were explored using the CYP450 recombinant enzyme method, which facilitated the identification of the enzymes contributing to ALL's metabolic pathway. The liver microsomal metabolism investigation revealed a total of five metabolites, with the predominant being M2 (harmol or 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyl-5,7,8,15-tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4′,5′:4,5]benzo[1,2- g ]benzo[ c ]azecin-14(6 H)-one). The recombinant enzyme analysis conclusively identified CYP2D6 as the pivotal CYP450 isoenzyme that plays a central role in the metabolic pathway of the principal ALL metabolite, M2. This research not only expands our comprehension of the biotransformation process of ALL but also provides significant scientific evidence for the clinical safety of ALL, which was of great importance for guiding the application of ALL in the field of veterinary medicine.
Allocryptopine (ALL), a principal active component of the novel veterinary medicine Bopu Powder®, has gained widespread application in the poultry farming sector for the effective management of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) diarrhea. In order to explore the metabolites and the pivotal enzymes associated with ALL, this study was conducted employing an in vitro chicken liver microsomal incubation. The metabolites of ALL were analyzed and identified by combining isotope tracing technology with the application of mass spectrometry fragmentation patterns. The key metabolic enzymes involved in the biotransformation of ALL were explored using the CYP450 recombinant enzyme method, which facilitated the identification of the enzymes contributing to ALL's metabolic pathway. The liver microsomal metabolism investigation revealed a total of five metabolites, with the predominant being M2 (harmol or 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyl-5,7,8,15-tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4′,5′:4,5]benzo[1,2- g ]benzo[ c ]azecin-14(6 H)-one). The recombinant enzyme analysis conclusively identified CYP2D6 as the pivotal CYP450 isoenzyme that plays a central role in the metabolic pathway of the principal ALL metabolite, M2. This research not only expands our comprehension of the biotransformation process of ALL but also provides significant scientific evidence for the clinical safety of ALL, which was of great importance for guiding the application of ALL in the field of veterinary medicine.
作者机构：
[Peng, Jia; Tan, Shu-Hua; Yan, Xiang-Zhu] Hunan Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Life Sci, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Gong, Ling; Liu, Yu-Qing; Peng, Jia; Wang, HL; Wang, Hai-Long; Fan, Ruo-Nan; Ni, Xin-Yi; Yan, Xiang-Zhu; Zhang, Dan-Ni] Xiamen Univ, Sch Med, Dept Basic Med, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, Peoples R China.;[Gong, Ling; Fan, Ruo-Nan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Xin] Columbia Univ Irving Med Ctr, Columbia Ctr Human Dev & Stem Cell Therapies, Herbert Irving Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Med, New York, NY 10032 USA.
通讯机构：
[Wang, HL ] X;[Tan, SH ] H;Hunan Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Life Sci, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Xiamen Univ, Sch Med, Dept Basic Med, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Apoptosis;Fertility;Hippo signaling pathway;Mouse oocyte;PFOA and PFOS mixture
摘要：
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic perfluorinated compounds known for their persistence in the environment and reproduction toxicity. PFAS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), have been identified in the follicular fluid of infertile women. However, the specific of PFOA and PFOS mixture on oocyte quality and female fertility remain unclear. In this study, we exposed female mice to combination of PFOA and PFOS to investigate the underlying mechanisms impairing fertility and oocyte maturation. Our results showed that exposure to the mixture induced epigenetic alterations and DNA damage in oocytes, impairing meiosis. Additionally, mitochondrial dysfunction caused by the exposure to the mixture led to oxidative stress and apoptosis in the oocytes. The reduction in oocyte quality resulted in a decrease in blastocyst quality and litter size. Furthermore, single-cell transcriptome analysis indicated that exposure to the mixture disrupted energy metabolism and triggered apoptosis, possibly through the activation of the Hippo signaling pathway. Overall, our results suggest that exposure to PFOA and PFOS mixture impairs the fertility in mice through the activation of the Hippo signaling pathway-induced oocytes apoptosis.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic perfluorinated compounds known for their persistence in the environment and reproduction toxicity. PFAS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), have been identified in the follicular fluid of infertile women. However, the specific of PFOA and PFOS mixture on oocyte quality and female fertility remain unclear. In this study, we exposed female mice to combination of PFOA and PFOS to investigate the underlying mechanisms impairing fertility and oocyte maturation. Our results showed that exposure to the mixture induced epigenetic alterations and DNA damage in oocytes, impairing meiosis. Additionally, mitochondrial dysfunction caused by the exposure to the mixture led to oxidative stress and apoptosis in the oocytes. The reduction in oocyte quality resulted in a decrease in blastocyst quality and litter size. Furthermore, single-cell transcriptome analysis indicated that exposure to the mixture disrupted energy metabolism and triggered apoptosis, possibly through the activation of the Hippo signaling pathway. Overall, our results suggest that exposure to PFOA and PFOS mixture impairs the fertility in mice through the activation of the Hippo signaling pathway-induced oocytes apoptosis.
摘要：
The T-2 toxin is a frequent contaminant in the global environment and agricultural production. Existing evidence suggests that the ingested T-2 toxin can enter the brain and exhibit neurotoxicity. However, it is still unknown whether T-2 toxin causes the depression-like behaviors. In this study, the mice were orally administrated with 1.5 mg/kg T-2 toxin daily for 14 d, and the depression-like behaviors were assessed by the tail suspension test (TST) and sucrose preference test (SPT). Here, the results showed that T-2 toxin exposure induced depression-like behaviors, manifested as behavioral despair and anhedonia, without anxiety-like behaviors. In addition, the reduced dopamine (DA) level and elevated dopamine transporter (DAT) level were found in reward center nucleus accumbens (NAc) receiving DAergic projection from ventral tegmental area (VTA) in brain after T-2 toxin administration, while there was no significant alteration in DA synthesis-related tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) in VTA and DA storage-related vesicle monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) in NAc. The local administration of DAT inhibitor AHN 1–055 hydrochloride into NAc alleviated T-2 toxin caused the depression-like behaviors. Importantly, the chemogenetic activation of the VTADA-NAc circuit increased the DA content in NAc and reversed the T-2 toxin-produced behavioral despair and anhedonia. Thus, our study for the first time illustrates DA dysregulation by upregulated DAT in NAc mediates T-2 toxin-triggered depression-like symptoms in mice. Meanwhile, this study establishes a novel causal relation between the neurotoxicant T-2 toxin exposure and the etiology of depression-like behaviors, and provides reference for the prevention and treatment for mycotoxin-induced depression-like symptoms.
The T-2 toxin is a frequent contaminant in the global environment and agricultural production. Existing evidence suggests that the ingested T-2 toxin can enter the brain and exhibit neurotoxicity. However, it is still unknown whether T-2 toxin causes the depression-like behaviors. In this study, the mice were orally administrated with 1.5 mg/kg T-2 toxin daily for 14 d, and the depression-like behaviors were assessed by the tail suspension test (TST) and sucrose preference test (SPT). Here, the results showed that T-2 toxin exposure induced depression-like behaviors, manifested as behavioral despair and anhedonia, without anxiety-like behaviors. In addition, the reduced dopamine (DA) level and elevated dopamine transporter (DAT) level were found in reward center nucleus accumbens (NAc) receiving DAergic projection from ventral tegmental area (VTA) in brain after T-2 toxin administration, while there was no significant alteration in DA synthesis-related tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) in VTA and DA storage-related vesicle monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) in NAc. The local administration of DAT inhibitor AHN 1–055 hydrochloride into NAc alleviated T-2 toxin caused the depression-like behaviors. Importantly, the chemogenetic activation of the VTADA-NAc circuit increased the DA content in NAc and reversed the T-2 toxin-produced behavioral despair and anhedonia. Thus, our study for the first time illustrates DA dysregulation by upregulated DAT in NAc mediates T-2 toxin-triggered depression-like symptoms in mice. Meanwhile, this study establishes a novel causal relation between the neurotoxicant T-2 toxin exposure and the etiology of depression-like behaviors, and provides reference for the prevention and treatment for mycotoxin-induced depression-like symptoms.
摘要：
Globally, the issue of antibiotic residues in agricultural products and their environments is increasingly critical, with the spread of microbial resistance becoming an urgent international challenge. Therefore, the development of ecological health feed additives is of paramount importance for advancing sustainable animal husbandry. Areca nut extract, derived from commonly available food sources, has garnered attention due to its exceptional bioactive properties. Its remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential, along with its outstanding performance in antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities, plays a crucial role in inhibiting various pathogens and protecting cells from oxidative damage. This review aims to comprehensively explore the biological activities of areca nut extract and delve into its practical application potential in enhancing animal production efficiency and promoting sustainable livestock development.The pervasive presence of antibiotic residues-including tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and quinolones-in agricultural products such as meat, milk, and eggs has raised significant concerns due to their extensive use in animal husbandry. This issue is not only a formidable challenge for food safety but also exacerbates the global crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). To address these challenges, there is an urgent need for safe and sustainable alternatives to antibiotics in animal production. Among these alternatives, plant extracts have garnered considerable attention for their natural bioactive properties. Notably, areca nut extract has emerged as a promising candidate due to its diverse biological activities and potential applications in livestock production.Areca nut, derived from the dried ripe fruits, seeds, peels, and flowers of Areca catechu, is well-documented in traditional medicine sources such as the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2010 Edition) for its medicinal properties, including antiparasitic effects, digestive support, and antimicrobial activity. This review focuses on the biological activities of areca nut extract, particularly its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, antibacterial, and microbiota-modulating effects, which collectively contribute to its potential role as a feed additive for enhancing animal health and performance.Key findings indicate that areca nut extract can promote livestock productivity by accelerating growth, enhancing immune responses, and reducing disease incidence. Additionally, its biological properties show potential for improving feed efficiency and mitigating the environmental footprint of livestock operations. By exploring these activities, we aim to provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for the application of areca nut extract in animal husbandry.This review highlights the promise of areca nut extract as a natural, effective, and sustainable alternative to antibiotics, offering solutions to the pressing issues of antibiotic residues and AMR. Its potential contributions to sustainable livestock production underscore the importance of further scientific exploration and interdisciplinary collaboration in this field.
摘要：
This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary L-Leu supplementation on amino acid composition, serum metabolism, and meat quality characteristics in beef cattle. Twenty-four Angus cows of similar initial weight (575.5 ± 22.1 kg) were randomly assigned to two treatment groups with six replicate pens (two cattle per pen). The groups were fed a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 6.0 g/100 kg BW per day of L-Leu for 120 days pre-slaughter. Feeding L-Leu significantly increased average daily gain and decreased feed-to-weight-gain ratio (P < 0.05). L-Leu improved plasma free leucine bioavailability (P < 0.05), increased the concentrations of tyrosine and glutamine (P < 0.05), and decreased the concentrations of threonine and valine (P < 0.05). It also increased the content of total protein in plasma (P < 0.05). Supplementation with L-Leu tended to increase the marbling score (P = 0.06) and decrease subcutaneous fat thickness (P = 0.06), as well as the content of C10:0 (P < 0.05), C14:0 (P = 0.05), C20:0 (P < 0.05), and C18:2n-6 t (P = 0.07) in the longissimus thoracis muscle. However, L-Leu significantly increased the crude protein content in the longissimus thoracis muscle (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that L-Leu downregulated the relative abundance of metabolites associated with subcutaneous fat thickness and beef fatty acid synthesis (P < 0.01), and upregulated the relative abundance of metabolites associated with crude protein and ether extract in the longissimus thoracis muscle (P < 0.01). In conclusion, dietary L-Leu supplementation increases leucine bioavailability and improves meat quality in fattening beef cattle by altering host serum metabolism.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary L-Leu supplementation on amino acid composition, serum metabolism, and meat quality characteristics in beef cattle. Twenty-four Angus cows of similar initial weight (575.5 ± 22.1 kg) were randomly assigned to two treatment groups with six replicate pens (two cattle per pen). The groups were fed a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 6.0 g/100 kg BW per day of L-Leu for 120 days pre-slaughter. Feeding L-Leu significantly increased average daily gain and decreased feed-to-weight-gain ratio (P < 0.05). L-Leu improved plasma free leucine bioavailability (P < 0.05), increased the concentrations of tyrosine and glutamine (P < 0.05), and decreased the concentrations of threonine and valine (P < 0.05). It also increased the content of total protein in plasma (P < 0.05). Supplementation with L-Leu tended to increase the marbling score (P = 0.06) and decrease subcutaneous fat thickness (P = 0.06), as well as the content of C10:0 (P < 0.05), C14:0 (P = 0.05), C20:0 (P < 0.05), and C18:2n-6 t (P = 0.07) in the longissimus thoracis muscle. However, L-Leu significantly increased the crude protein content in the longissimus thoracis muscle (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that L-Leu downregulated the relative abundance of metabolites associated with subcutaneous fat thickness and beef fatty acid synthesis (P < 0.01), and upregulated the relative abundance of metabolites associated with crude protein and ether extract in the longissimus thoracis muscle (P < 0.01). In conclusion, dietary L-Leu supplementation increases leucine bioavailability and improves meat quality in fattening beef cattle by altering host serum metabolism.
摘要：
Tick hemolymph plays an important role in the transportation of nutrients as well as metabolites. The hemolymph consists of plasma and blood cells, and proteins are the main components of plasma. This study aimed to investigate the protein composition of the hemolymph of Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis and to explore the effects of different hosts on the hemolymph protein composition of ticks, which could provide a reference for the screening of tick-protective antigens. Hemolymph was collected from the engorged females of the H. qinghaiensis ticks from the Bos grunniens (HqB) and Ovis aries (HqO) hosts. We identified 17 host-derived high-confidence proteins and 156 tick-derived high-confidence proteins from HqB. Fifteen host-derived high-confidence proteins and 155 tick-derived high-confidence proteins were identified from HqO. There were significant differences in the composition and abundance of the host-derived protein in the hemolymph from the two sources, with fibrinogen, alpha-1-antiproteinase, α-2-macroglobulin, and an uncharacterized protein present only in HqB, while ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L 40 was found only at HqO. Besides, the abundance of these proteins also varied significantly. The 163 tick-derived proteins identified are classified as enzymes, inhibitors, transporters, immunity-related proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, heat shock proteins, nuclear proteins, other proteins, uncharacterized proteins, and secreted proteins. The KGD sequence of A1 in the uncharacterized protein suggested that the unidentified protein may be associated with anti-coagulants, but further research was needed to confirm the function of these uncovered proteins. HqB and HqO shared a total of 148 tick-derived proteins, with eight proteins present only in HqB and seven only in HqO. The abundance of 65 shared proteins was significantly higher in HqO. In conclusion, the hemolymph proteins of H. qinghaiensis tick were composed of host-derived and tick-derived proteins. Different blood meals had a large effect on the composition and abundance of both host-derived and tick-derived proteins.
摘要：
The overuse of antibiotics in poultry farming has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens, posing severe threats to animal health and public safety. Salmonella Pullorum ( S. Pullorum ), a host-specific pathogen targeting poultry, causes high mortality in chicks and disrupts intestinal health. This study evaluated the protective effects of Bifidobacterium bifidum postbiotics (BbP) against S. Pullorum infection, focusing on their mechanisms in regulating pyroptosis, restoring intestinal barrier function, and modulating gut microbiota. Both in vivo (chickens challenged with S. Pullorum ) and in vitro (chicken small intestinal epithelial cells, CSIEC) models were used to assess the effects of BbP and its components (bacterial lysates or metabolites). Results showed that BbP significantly improved growth performance in infected chickens, reducing mortality from 66.66% to 8.33%. BbP effectively suppressed the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins, including apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), Caspase-1 (cysteine-aspartic acid protease-1), and Gasdermin D N-terminal (GSDMD-N), and reduced inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8), while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), thereby mitigating inflammation. Furthermore, BbP restored intestinal barrier function by upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins, including zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Occludin, and Claudin-1. The cecal microbiota diversity was also improved by BbP, with a decrease in the abundance of harmful bacteria (e.g., Escherichia-Shigella ) and an enrichment of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus ). These findings demonstrate that BbP provides significant protection against S. Pullorum infection by modulating pyroptosis, protecting the intestinal barrier, and restoring microbial balance. As an effective antibiotic alternative, BbP shows promise for the prevention and control of S. Pullorum infections in poultry farming.
The overuse of antibiotics in poultry farming has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens, posing severe threats to animal health and public safety. Salmonella Pullorum ( S. Pullorum ), a host-specific pathogen targeting poultry, causes high mortality in chicks and disrupts intestinal health. This study evaluated the protective effects of Bifidobacterium bifidum postbiotics (BbP) against S. Pullorum infection, focusing on their mechanisms in regulating pyroptosis, restoring intestinal barrier function, and modulating gut microbiota. Both in vivo (chickens challenged with S. Pullorum ) and in vitro (chicken small intestinal epithelial cells, CSIEC) models were used to assess the effects of BbP and its components (bacterial lysates or metabolites). Results showed that BbP significantly improved growth performance in infected chickens, reducing mortality from 66.66% to 8.33%. BbP effectively suppressed the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins, including apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), Caspase-1 (cysteine-aspartic acid protease-1), and Gasdermin D N-terminal (GSDMD-N), and reduced inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8), while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), thereby mitigating inflammation. Furthermore, BbP restored intestinal barrier function by upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins, including zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Occludin, and Claudin-1. The cecal microbiota diversity was also improved by BbP, with a decrease in the abundance of harmful bacteria (e.g., Escherichia-Shigella ) and an enrichment of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus ). These findings demonstrate that BbP provides significant protection against S. Pullorum infection by modulating pyroptosis, protecting the intestinal barrier, and restoring microbial balance. As an effective antibiotic alternative, BbP shows promise for the prevention and control of S. Pullorum infections in poultry farming.
作者机构：
[Xu, Liu; Zhu, Yuanyuan; Wu, Jing; Wang, Ji; Wu, Aoao; Wen, Lixin; Zhang, Yinzhu; Wu, You] Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China;[Zhu, Yuanyuan] Changsha Luye Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Changsha 410100, PR China;[Yuan, Zhihang] Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China. Electronic address: zhyuan2016@hunau.edu.cn;[Wang, Ji] Changsha Luye Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Changsha 410100, PR China. Electronic address: wangjics@163.com
通讯机构：
[Wang, Ji] C;[Yuan, Zhihang] H;Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China. Electronic address:;Changsha Luye Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Changsha 410100, PR China. Electronic address:
摘要：
Tannic acid ( TA ), a polyphenolic compound derived from plants, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant biological activities. Salmonella , a prevalent foodborne pathogen, poses a significant threat to poultry, resulting in considerable economic losses for the animal husbandry industry. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of TA against lung and intestinal injuries induced by a transient Salmonella infection in broilers. After a ten-day infection period, although Salmonella was not detected in the intestinal content of broilers, the infected broilers exhibited reduced body weight and compromised intestinal barrier function. Salmonella infection facilitated the growth of detrimental bacteria in the lungs and ileums, triggering an inflammatory response. TA inhibited the pathogen's colonization in the lungs and reduced serum levels of lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) as well as lung levels of myeloperoxidase ( MPO ). Moreover, TA down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and hindered the polarization of M1 macrophages in the lungs. In summary, TA mitigates Salmonella -induced lung inflammation and immune imbalance by its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial properties in broilers.
Tannic acid ( TA ), a polyphenolic compound derived from plants, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant biological activities. Salmonella , a prevalent foodborne pathogen, poses a significant threat to poultry, resulting in considerable economic losses for the animal husbandry industry. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of TA against lung and intestinal injuries induced by a transient Salmonella infection in broilers. After a ten-day infection period, although Salmonella was not detected in the intestinal content of broilers, the infected broilers exhibited reduced body weight and compromised intestinal barrier function. Salmonella infection facilitated the growth of detrimental bacteria in the lungs and ileums, triggering an inflammatory response. TA inhibited the pathogen's colonization in the lungs and reduced serum levels of lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) as well as lung levels of myeloperoxidase ( MPO ). Moreover, TA down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and hindered the polarization of M1 macrophages in the lungs.
In summary, TA mitigates Salmonella -induced lung inflammation and immune imbalance by its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial properties in broilers.
