摘要：
An alpha-galactosidase designated as TAG was purified from the dried fruit bodies of Tremella aurantialba with 182.5-fold purification. The purification procedure involved ion exchange chromatography on Q-sepharose, DEAE-Cellulose, and Mono Q and gel filtration by FPLC on Superdex 75. The purified alpha-galactosidase was a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 88 kDa. The optimal pH of TAG was 5.0 and more than 60% of the original enzyme activity remained at pH 2.0 and 3.0. Its optimal temperature was 54 degrees C with good thermo-stability, 30.8% of the original activity was retained after exposure to a temperature of 70 degrees C for 1 h. The metal ions Hg(2+), Cu(2+), Fe(3+) and Mg(2+) strongly inhibited the enzyme activity. The enzyme activity was found to be inhibited by N-bromosuccinimide indicating that tryptophan was essential to the catalytic activity of alpha-galactosidase. The enzyme completely hydrolysed stachyose and partially hydrolysed raffinose to galactose at 50 degrees C within 6 h as detected by thin layer chromatography and the dinitrosalicylic acid method and the content of reducing sugar reached 4.36 mg/mL.
摘要：
We present a solution-region based approach for the synthesis of straight-line linkages, which is based on the stationary curvature point on curve and higher order stationery point theory of infinite approximation geometry. The selection of the Ball-Burmester point and the distribution of the solution-regions are discussed in this work. Further, two alternative cases have been analyzed for finding the Ball-Burmester point positions of the crank-rocker straight-line mechanism, when one side-link is collinear with the frame. The distribution diagrams of the Ball-Burmester point positions are depicted to help the designers extract complete solutions. Infinite solutions for the mechanism can be expressed for each case on a diagram by employing the solution-region method. These diagrams will help the designers find the inherent mechanism intuitively and streamline the selection of results. The results indicate that the efficiency of design and reliability have been effectively improved owing to the implementation of these methods.
作者机构：
[He, Fengqiong; Fan, Fan; Zhuo, Yang; Liu, Fangkun; Zhang, Liyang; Meng, Ming] Cent South Univ, Xiangya Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha 410008, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[He, Fengqiong; Fan, Fan; Zhuo, Yang; Liu, Fangkun; Zhang, Liyang; Meng, Ming] Cent South Univ, Xiangya Hosp, Clin Diag & Therapy Ctr Glioma, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha 410008, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Jing] Cent South Univ, Xiangya Hosp 2, Dept Psychiat, Changsha 410011, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Jing] Cent South Univ, Chinese Natl Clin Res Ctr Mental Disorders Xiangy, Chinese Natl Technol Inst Mental Disorders,Xiangy, Hunan Key Lab Psychiat & Mental Hlth,Mental Hlth, Changsha 410011, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Ma, Xiaodong] Hunan Agr Univ, Orient Sci & Technol Coll, Training & Exchange Cooperat Ctr, Changsha 410000, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, Liyang] C;Cent South Univ, Xiangya Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha 410008, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Cent South Univ, Xiangya Hosp, Clin Diag & Therapy Ctr Glioma, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha 410008, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
CD96 is a promising candidate for immunotherapy. However, its role and importance in glioma remains unknown. We thus aimed to genetically and clinically characterize CD96 expression in gliomas. For this, we extracted RNA-seq data of 699 glioma samples from the TCGA dataset and validated these findings using the CGGA dataset comprising 325 glioma samples. Clinical and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status were also analyzed. Various packages in R language were mainly used for statistical analysis. CD96 expression was significantly up-regulated in high-grade, IDH-wildtype, and mesenchymal-molecular subtype gliomas based on TCGA data, which was validated using the CGGA dataset. Subsequent gene ontology analysis of both datasets suggested that genes relevant to CD96 are mainly involved in immune functions in glioma as such genes were positively correlated with CD96 expression. To further explore the relationship between CD96 and immune responses, we selected seven immune-related metagenes and found that CD96 expression was positively correlated with HCK, LCK, and MHC II in the CGGA and TCGA cohorts but negatively associated with IgG. Further, Pearson correlation analysis showed that CD96 is associated with TIGIT, CD226, CRTAM, TIM-3, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and STAT3, indicating the additive antitumoral effects of these checkpoint proteins. CD96 was also suggested to play an important role in immune responses and positively collaborate with other checkpoint members. These findings show that CD96 is promising candidate for immunotherapy, and that such agents could complement current immunotherapy strategies for glioma.
关键词：
Population genetics;Species diversity;Phylogeography;Scottish people;Gene flow;Genetic polymorphism;Conservation genetics;Plant breeding
摘要：
Miscanthus lutarioriparius is a native perennial Miscanthus species of China, which is currently used as raw material of papermaking and bioenergy crop. It also has been considered as a promising eco-bioindustrial plant, which can offer raw material and gene for the biomass industry. However, lack of germplasm resources and genetic diversity information of M. lutarioriparius have become the bottleneck that prevents the stable and further development of the biomass industry. In the present study, genetic diversity of 153 M. lutarioriparius individuals nine populations was studied using 27 Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers. High polymorphic bands (97.67%), polymorphic information content (0.26) and allele number (1.88) showed SCoT as a reliable marker system for genetic analysis in M. lutarioriparius. At the species, the percentage of polymorphic loci [PPL] was 97.2%, Nei's gene diversity [H] was 0.36, Shannon index [I] was 0.54 and Expected Heterozygosity [He] was 0.56. Genetic variation within populations (84.91%) was higher than among populations (15.09%) based on analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Moderate level of genetic differentiation was found in M. lutarioriparius populations (Fst = 0.15), which is further confirmed by STRUCTURE, principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analysis that could reveal a clear separation between groups of the north and south of Yangtze River. The gene flow of the populations within the respective south and north of Yangtze River area was higher, but lower between the areas. There was no obvious correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance. The breeding systems, geographical isolation and fragmented habitat of M. lutarioriparius may be due to the high level of genetic diversity, moderate genetic differentiation, and the population, structure. The study further suggests some measure for conservation of genetic resources and provides the genetic basis for improving the efficiency of breeding based on the results of diversity analysis.
摘要：
In this paper, we present a solution-region-based synthesis approach for selecting optimal four-bar linkages with a Ball–Burmester point. We discuss both general and special cases of the Burmester point that coincide with the Ball point at the pole of the inflection circle. Given the coordinates of one fixed joint, any point on the target's straight line, and the direction of this straight line, we can synthesize an infinite number of mechanisms using a coupler curve with five-point contacts with its tangent by adopting the proposed approach. Each initial parameter corresponds to three side links that can generate three four-bar mechanisms. We generate different mechanism property charts by developing mechanism software that enables users to intuitively identify relevant linkage information and select the optimal linkage. This novel approach is a visualized analytical method for synthesizing and selecting optimal four-bar linkages with one Ball–Burmester point on its coupler curve.
关键词：
*Composite farming paddy ecosystem;*Equilibrium;*Hopf bifurcation;*Maximum yield of rice;*Stability
摘要：
As one of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS), rice field composite farming is an ecological measure in rice production, which can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides. This research studies the interaction among rice, weed, inorganic fertilizer and herbivore in a composite farming paddy ecosystem. We develop a differential equation model to analyze the relations and interactions among those components. Results show the existence of an equilibrium for paddy and weed extinction, one or two equilibria for rice extinction, an equilibrium for weed extinction, and an equilibrium for rice and weed coexistence. Based on the obtained stability conditions of these equilibria, measures are proposed to avoid the existence or the stability of equilibria for rice extinction. Other measures are proposed to lead to a stable equilibrium for weed extinction, which is the most desirable result in rice production. Conditions for maximizing the yield of rice are also obtained by taking the relative mortality of rice as variable. In addition, we discover the existence of Hopf bifurcation phenomenon in the system, and develop the critical value of Hopf bifurcation by taking the artificial fertilizer rate as the bifurcation parameter. Our findings provide effective guidance and insights for rice production in a composite farming paddy ecosystem.
关键词：
"rice field spider";"study advances";China;"predation function"
摘要：
Many laboratory and field studies have been conducted on rice field spiders in China. There are 375 species, 108 genera, and 22 families of rice field spiders distributed within the major rice growing areas and 17 dominant species. The biological and ecological characteristics of 17 rice field spider species have been reported in detail. The biology and ecology of these species show significant differences among regions, farmland habitats, and agricultural practices. Future research should focus on rice field habitat diversity, enhancing the insecticide resistance of dominant spider populations, implementing large-scale breeding of spiders and augmentative release, breeding more leaf dominant species, conducting biosafety assessment of spiders in transgenic crops.
关键词：
boundary value problems;nonlinear difference systems;mountain pass lemma;critical point theory
摘要：
This paper is devoted to investigate a question of the existence of solutions to boundary value problems for a class of nonlinear difference systems. The proof is based on the notable mountain pass lemma in combination with variational technique. By using the critical point theory, some new existence criteria are obtained.
摘要：
By introducing a delayed fractional-order differential equation model, we deal with the dynamics of the stability and Hopf bifurcation of a paddy ecosystem with three main components: rice, weeds, and inorganic fertilizer. In the system, there exists an equilibrium for rice and weeds extinction and an equilibrium for rice extinction or weeds extinction. We obtain sufficient conditions for the stability and Hopf bifurcation by analyzing their characteristic equation. Some numerical simulations validate our theoretical results.
