作者：
Cai, X. H.;Chen, T.;Wang, R. Y.;Fan, Y. J.;Li, Y.;...
期刊：
Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2019年137(3-4):2139-2149 ISSN：0177-798X
通讯作者：
Zhou, W.;Zhou, Q. M.
作者机构：
[Wang, R. Y.; Fan, Y. J.; Hu, S. N.; Yuan, Z. M.; Li, Y.; Cai, X. H.; Zhou, W.] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Engn & Technol Res Ctr Agr Big Data An, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, R. Y.; Fan, Y. J.; Hu, S. N.; Yuan, Z. M.; Li, Y.; Cai, X. H.; Zhou, W.] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Biol & Control Plant Dis & Ins, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, R. Y.; Fan, Y. J.; Hu, S. N.; Yuan, Z. M.; Li, Y.; Cai, X. H.; Zhou, W.] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Engn & Technol Res Ctr Biopesticide &, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Q. M.; Chen, T.] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, H. G.; Li, X. Y.] Hunan Tobacco Co, Chenzhou Co, Chenzhou 423000, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhou, W.; Zhou, Q. M.] H;[Zhou, W.] T;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Engn & Technol Res Ctr Agr Big Data An, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Biol & Control Plant Dis & Ins, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Engn & Technol Res Ctr Biopesticide &, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Tobacco wildfire disease is common globally, and climate change may increase the risk of outbreaks. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish an effective climate model to forecast the occurrence of wildfire disease. To design such a model, we collected data for 40 wildfire disease indices via tobacco field surveys and data for 15 climate factors of Guiyang County in China from 2012 to 2016. First, we built multiple linear regression (MLR), stepwise linear regression (SLR) and support vector regression (SVR) models using three climate features (precipitation, mean daily temperature and sunshine duration), and we could not find an effective model. Second, we built three corresponding models using expanded 15 climate features and an in-house WDEM method (the worst descriptor elimination multi-roundly), and the independent test results showed that the best SVR model had not only a higher predictive accuracy (
$$ {Q}_{ext}^2 $$
= 0.94) but also a better stability. Finally, we further evaluated the biological significance of their retained climate features and the single-factor effects of the best model according to the interpretability analysis, and our results indicated that (1) the three climate factors (minimum value of wind velocity, daily range of temperature and daily pressure) strongly affected the occurrence of wildfire disease; (2) the ranges of relative humidity and sunshine hours were negatively correlated with the occurrence of wildfire disease, while daily mean vapour pressure was positively correlated with the occurrence of the disease. Our work enables a useful theoretical prediction for wildfire disease, especially in terms of climate-related predictions.
关键词：
captation du plomb;croissance racinaire;endophytes;lead uptake;root growth
摘要：
Endophytic bacteria are generally helpful for plant growth and protection. We isolated from tobacco seeds three Pseudomonas strains (K03, Y04, and N05) that could produce siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, fix nitrogen, dissolve phosphorus and potassium, and tolerate heavy metals. In pot experiments, the three isolated strains significantly promoted root growth and increased the root enzyme activity in Nicotiana tobacum K326. Furthermore, bacterial inoculations increased the proportion of residual lead (Pb) by 8.36%-51.63% and decreased the total Pb content by 3.28%-6.38% in the contaminated soil during tobacco planting, compared with uninoculated soils. An effective decrease in Pb content was also found in tobacco leaves with bacterial inoculations. K03 inoculation decreased the Pb content in the upper leaves by 49.80%, and Y04 inoculation had the best effect, decreasing the Pb content in the middle leaves by 70.12%. Additionally, soil pH and root activity had significant effects on transformation and translocation of Pb. The study suggested that in response to Pb pollution in soil, a reasonable application of endophytes (e.g., Pseudomonas) might be a promising approach in promoting tobacco growth and reducing Pb content in tobacco, while simultaneously enhancing Pb stabilization in soils.
摘要：
Understanding the genetic control of mineral element contents in the last three leaves of hybrid rice will shed light on breeding hybrid rice with ideal mineral element contents. In this study, 25 hybrid rice combinations were created using five elite male sterile lines and five restorer lines. The combining ability of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S) and zinc (Zn) in the last three leaves of these crosses were analyzed at both active tillering stage and milky stage. The results showed that the variance of the general combining ability (GCA) of these parents was larger than the variance of the specific combining ability (SCA) of all crosses. Moreover, larger variation range of heterosis was found in the lines crossed from the parents with the larger variance of SCA. The restorer lines exhibited stronger heritability than sterile lines for Ca, Cu, Mn, S, Zn at active tillering stage and for K, Ca, S, Zn at milky stage. The further phenotypic evaluation for tested crosses revealed that the content of some mineral elements in the last three leaves showed positively significant correlation with yield-related traits. Selecting parents with higher GCA and larger variance of SCA will help us develop the hybrid combination with ideal content of mineral elements and good yield performance for the future hybrid rice breeding program. (C) 2018 Friends Science Publishers
摘要：
为了改善烟叶质量,探讨最适宜的生物炭施用量,系统阐明生物炭对烤烟生长及烟叶质量的影响。以云烟87为试验材料,通过田间试验研究了3种不同生物炭施用量(3 000 kg /hm~2、3 750 kg /hm~2、4 500 kg /hm~2)对烤烟生长及烟叶质量的影响,并利用R语言构建了偏最小二乘路径模型。结果表明:施用生物炭能显著降低烤烟黑胫病发病率及病害指数,较低水平的生物炭施用水平能促进烤烟生育前期的生长及根系发育,协调烟叶化学成分;生物炭施用量过高时对烟叶质量产生负面影响。偏最小二乘路径模型明确了施用生物炭后烤烟生长及烟叶质量各指标之间的关系,系统地阐明了生物炭促进烤烟生长及烟叶质量的作用机制。综合来看,最适宜的生物炭施用量为3 750 kg /hm~2。
摘要：
With the massive data generated by the Human Microbiome Project, how to transform such data into useful information and knowledge remains challenging. Here, with currently available sequencing information (reference genomes and metagenomes), we have developed a comprehensive microarray, HuMiChip2, for strain-level identification and functional characterization of human microbiomes. HuMiChip2 was composed of 29,467 strain-specific probes targeting 2063 microbial strains/species and 133,924 sequence- and group-specific probes targeting 157 key functional gene families involved in various metabolic pathways and host-microbiome interaction processes. Computational evaluation of strain-specific probes suggested that they were not only specific to mock communities of sequenced microorganisms and metagenomes from different human body sites but also to non-sequenced microbial strains. Experimental evaluation of strain-specific probes using single strains/species and mock communities suggested a high specificity of these probes with their corresponding targets. Application of HuMiChip2 to human gut microbiome samples showed the patient microbiomes of alcoholic liver cirrhosis significantly (p < 0.05) shifted their functional structure from the healthy individuals, and the relative abundance of 21 gene families significantly (p < 0.1) differed between the liver cirrhosis patients and healthy individuals. At the strain level, five Bacteroides strains were significantly (p < 0.1) and more frequently detected in liver cirrhosis patients. These results suggest that the developed HuMiChip2 is a useful microbial ecological microarray for both strain-level identification and functional profiling of human microbiomes.
