摘要：
Heat stress is the most common environmental stressor in poultry production, negatively affecting growth performance, meat quality, and welfare. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the nutritional effects of dietary supplementation with selenomethionine, Bacillus subtilis (BS), and a combination of selenomethionine and BS on broilers challenged with heat stress. A total of 300 21-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 6 replicates of 10 broilers per each: control group (CON, broilers raised at 22 +/- 2 degrees C), heat stress exposure group (HS, broilers raised at 32 +/- 2 degrees C for 8 h/d), HSS group (HS group supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg selenomethionine), HSB group (HS group supplemented with 1 x 10(9) cfu/kg BS), and HSBS group (HS group supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg selenomethionine and x 10(9) cfu/kg BS). The experiment lasted for 21 d. The results indicated that, compared to the CON group, heat stress reduces (P < 0.05) broiler growth performance and damages the meat quality in breast and thigh muscles. Dietary supplementation with selenomethionine and BS did not improve the growth performance of broilers under heat stress. However, compared to the HS group, the HSS, HSB, and HSBS groups showed significantly increased (P < 0.05) pH(45 min), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*), muscle fiber density, intramuscular fat, triglyceride content, and expression levels of Myf5, CAPN 2, FM, SLC27A1, A-FABP, H-FABP, APOB-100, and ACC in breast and thigh muscles. Meanwhile, these groups showed reduced (P < 0.05) lightness (L*), drip loss, shear force, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, and FM gene expression level. The HSBS group showed greater improvement in the physicochemical quality of muscle and volatile substances compared to the HSS and HSB groups. In conclusion, selenomethionine and BS improved meat quality and flavor in broilers under heat stress by modulating muscle fiber composition and characteristics, as well as increasing intramuscular fat deposition.
摘要：
Weaning is one of the most challenging phases for piglets, and it is also the time when piglets are the most susceptible to diarrhea, which may result in significant economic losses for pig production. One of the dietary strategies for reducing post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets is to provide them with a pharmacological dose of zinc oxide (ZnO). However, excessive or long-term usage of high-dose ZnO has significant impacts on pig health and the ecological environment. Therefore, caution should be exercised when considering the use of high-dose ZnO for the prevention or treatment of PWD in piglets. In this paper, the significant role of zinc in animal health, the potential mode of action of ZnO in alleviating diarrhea, and the impact of innovative, highly efficient ZnO alternatives on the regulation of piglet diarrhea were reviewed to offer insights into the application of novel ZnO in pig production.
通讯机构：
[Fang, RJ ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Engn Res Ctr Intelligent Anim Husb, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Divalent metal transporter 1;Glucose transporter 5;Intestinal iron absorption;Iron dextran;Weaned piglet
摘要：
The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the mechanism of iron dextran (DexFe) absorption in the intestines. A total of 72 piglets (average BW = 7.12 +/- 0.75 kg, male to female ratio = 1:1) weaned at 28 d of age were randomly divided into two treatment groups with six replicates for each group. The experimental diets included the basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg iron dextran (DexFe group) and the basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg FeSO4<middle dot>H2O (CON group). The experiment lasted for 28 d. The piglets' intestinal iron transport was measured in vitro using an Ussing chamber. Porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) cells were used to develop a monolayer cell model that explored the molecular mechanism of DexFe absorption. Results showed that compared to the CON group, the ADG of pigs in the DexFe group was improved (P = 0.022), while the F/G was decreased (P = 0.015). The serum iron concentration, apparent iron digestibility, and iron deposition in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were increased (P < 0.05) by dietary DexFe supplementation. Piglets in the DexFe group had higher serum red blood count, hemoglobin, serum iron content, serum ferritin and transferrin levels and lower total iron binding capacity (P < 0.05). In the Ussing chamber test, the iron absorption rate of the DexFe group was greater (P < 0.001) than the CON group, and there was no significant difference between the DexFe group and the glucose group (P > 0.05). Furthermore, when compared to the CON group, DexFe administration improved (P < 0.05) SLC2A5 gene and glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5) protein expression but had no effect (P > 0.05) on SLC11A2 gene or divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) protein expression. Once the GLUT5 protein was suppressed, the iron transport rate and apparent permeability coefficient were decreased (P < 0.05) in IPEC-J2 monolayer cell models. The findings suggest the effectiveness of DexFe application in weaned piglets and revealed for the first time that DexFe absorption in the intestine is closely related to the glucose transporter GLUT5 protein channel. (c) 2024 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync-nd/4.0/).
摘要：
The present study aimed to determine the effects of dietary Lonicera flos and Sucutellaria baicalensis mixed extract (LSE) supplementation during the late-pregnancy period on the reproductive performance, umbilical cord blood hematological parameters, umbilical cord serum biochemical parameters, immune indices, hormone levels, colostrum ingredients, and immunoglobulin contents of sows. A total of 40 hybrid pregnant sows were randomly assigned to the control group (CON; sows fed a basal diet) and LSE group (LSE; sows fed a basal diet supplemented with 500 g/t PE). The results indicated that dietary LSE supplementation significantly increased (p < 0.05) the number of alive and healthy piglets and the litter weight at birth, and significantly increased (p < 0.05) the platelet counts in umbilical cord blood. Dietary LSE supplementation significantly increased (p < 0.05) the levels of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH), and the content of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in umbilical cord serum. Moreover, immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the colostrum were increased with PE supplementation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary LSE supplementation in late-pregnancy sows could improve reproductive performance and colostrum quality, and could also regulate the levels of reproductive hormone in umbilical cord serum.
摘要：
Simple Summary Nowadays, iron complexation of polysaccharides has recently become a popular topic in glycobiology research. A macromolecular polysaccharide known as polysaccharide-iron complex can affect blood pressure, blood sugar levels, immunity, blood circulation, and has the potential to improve and regulate active substances that exist in animal blood. In this study, an organic iron complex generated from tapioca starch and ferric chloride was utilized. This product is a self-developed, plant-derived, natural compound that has a wide variety of sources and is cost-effective. The results of this study demonstrate that maternal supplementary tapioca polysaccharide iron can improve their feed intake and reproductive performance, adjust the nutritional composition of colostrum, enhance the antioxidant and immunological performance of piglets, and stimulate hormone release in blood, leading to enhanced piglet production performance. Furthermore, this study reveals the correlation between the components of colostrum, cord blood, and piglet performance when sows are fed supplements with tapioca polysaccharide iron. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal supplementation with TpFe (tapioca polysaccharide iron) on reproductive performance, colostrum composition, cord blood active components of sows, and growth performance of their nursing piglets. Sixty healthy Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire sows were randomly assigned to three groups at day 85 of gestation. The experimental diets included a basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg FeSO4 & BULL;H2O (CON group), the basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg TpFe (TpFe50 group), and the basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg TpFe (TpFe100 group), as calculated by Fe content. The experiment lasted from day 85 of gestation to the end of weaning (day 21 of lactation). Results showed that maternal supplementation with 100 mg/kg TpFe improved (p < 0.05) feed intake during lactation, live births, and birth weight of the litter (alive) and increased (p < 0.05) colostrum IgM (immunoglobulin m), IgA (immunoglobulin A), as well as the IgG levels, while it decreased (p < 0.05) the urea nitrogen and somatic cell count of sows. Moreover, sows in the TpFe100 group had higher (p < 0.05) serum iron levels and IgG. Additionally, maternal supplementation with 100 mg/kg TpFe increased (p < 0.05) iron level, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), catalase (CAT), IgG, red blood cells (RBC), and hemoglobin (Hb) of cord blood, similar with the iron content, T-AOC, GSH-px, IgG, RBC, Hb, hematocrit (HCT), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of weaned piglet blood. The diarrhea and mortality rates among the nursing piglets were decreased (p < 0.05), while the average weight at day 21 of age was increased (p < 0.05) in the TpFe100 group. Serum PRL (prolactin) levels of sows exhibited a positive correlation (p < 0.05) with live births. Suckling piglet diarrhea was positively correlated with colostrum urea nitrogen level but negatively correlated with colostrum IgM, IgG, and cord blood Hb content (p < 0.05). The mortality of suckling piglets was negatively correlated with serum iron content and IgM in colostrum, GSH-px, and IgG in cord serum of sows (p < 0.05). The average weight of weaning piglets was positively (p < 0.05) related to colostrum IgM and IgG levels, as well as cord serum RBC counts of sows on day 21. In conclusion, maternal supplementation with TpFe can improve the active components of colostrum and umbilical cord blood and improve the growth performance of suckling piglets.
摘要：
试验旨在研究不同剂量的木薯多糖铁对断奶仔猪生长性能、皮毛性状和血清生化指标的影响。选取240头21日龄体重（6.87±1.02） kg、健康的“杜×长×大”断奶仔猪，随机分为5组，每组6个重复，每个重复8头猪。Basal组（对照组）仔猪饲喂基础日粮，Dt Fe 50组、Dt Fe 100组、Dt Fe 150组、Dt Fe 200组分别在基础日粮中添加50、100、150、200 mg/kg木薯多糖铁（含量以Fe元素计）。预试期7 d，正式试验期30 d。结果显示，Dt Fe 150组仔猪的平均日增重显著高于Basal组和Dt Fe 50组（P＜0.05）,Dt Fe 150组仔猪的料重比显著低于Basal组（P＜0.05）。各试验组仔猪Fe的表观消化率显著高于Basal组（P＜0.05）。第21 d,Dt Fe 200组仔猪皮毛指数显著高于Basal组（P＜0.05）；第28 d，与Basal组相比，Dt Fe 100组、Dt Fe 150组和Dt Fe 200组仔猪皮毛指数显著提高（P＜0.05）。与Basal组相比，Dt Fe 100组、Dt Fe 150组和Dt Fe 200组仔猪血液血红蛋白（HGB）显著提高（P＜0.05）。研究表明，添加木薯多糖铁可提高仔猪生长性能，改善皮毛性状，提高血液中HGB，预防贫血，推荐适宜添加剂量为100～150 mg/kg。
摘要：
Simple Summary For several years, the benefits of dietary selenium or probiotics on growth and development of broilers have been reported. However, the effect of a combination of different forms of selenium and probiotics on broilers remains to be seen. Thus, the hypothesis of this study was that supplementing selenium and probiotics have positive synergistic effects and interactions on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, tissue selenium deposition, and intestinal health of broilers. The results of this study demonstrate that selenium and probiotics have positive interactions on the tissue selenium content, duodenum, and jejunum development, as well as the composition of cecum microbial, and there were no significant interactions on the growth performance, and antioxidant capacity. Overall, our findings suggest that the combination of organic selenium and probiotics is superior to inorganic or organic selenium alone in poultry production. The effect and interaction of dietary selenium (Se) and probiotics on three yellow chicken growth performance, tissue Se content, antioxidant capacity, and gut health were studied from 0 to 70 days of age. A total of 400 one-day-old broilers were distributed into four groups (I-Se, O-Se, I-Se + pros, and O-Se + pros groups) consisting of a 2 x 2 factorial design. The main factors were the source of Se (I-Se = inorganic Se: 0.2 mg/kg sodium selenite; O-Se = organic Se: 0.2 mg/kg Selenium yeast) and the level of probiotics (0.5% EM or 0% EM, the component of EM mainly includes Lactobacillus and Yeast at the dose of 2 x 10(8) cfu/kg and 3 x 10(7) cfu/kg, respectively). Each treatment had 5 duplicates consisting of 20 broilers. The results showed that the I-Se group had a greater (p < 0.05) ratio of feed: weight gain (F/G) of broilers at Starter (0-35 d) than the other treatments. Compared to the I-Se group, the O-Se group increased (p < 0.05) Se concentrations in the liver, pancreas, breast muscles, thigh muscle, and the activity of total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) in serum, as well as the relative abundance of Barnesiella and Lactobacillus in cecum. Meanwhile, probiotics enhanced (p < 0.05) Se concentrations in the pancreas, thigh muscle, serum, and the activity of T-AOC and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), the duodenum's ratio of villi height to crypt depth (V/C), the jejunum villus height and V/C, and the ileum's villus height. Furthermore, the significant interactions (p < 0.05) between Se sources and the level of probiotics were observed in Se concentrations in the pancreas, thigh muscle, serum, crypt depth of duodenum, and villus height of jejunum of birds, and Barnesiella abundance in the cecal. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the combination of O-Se + pros can improve broiler early growth performance, tissue Se content in the pancreas, thigh muscle, and serum, promote intestinal development, and regulate the composition of intestinal flora, suggesting a better combination. These findings provide an effective method of nutrient combination addition to improving the performance of three yellow chickens.
摘要：
<jats:p>A trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different Se sources, including sodium selenite (S-Se) and selenium yeast (Y-Se) and different effective microorganism (EM) addition levels on growth performance, meat quality, and muscle fiber characteristics of three-yellow chickens and its potential mechanism. A total of 400 birds were randomly distributed into 4 groups (S-Se, S-Se + EM, Y-Se, and Y-Se + EM groups) consisting of a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The main factors were the source of Se (I<jats:sub>Se</jats:sub> = inorganic Se: 0.2 mg/kg S-Se; O<jats:sub>Se</jats:sub> = organic Se: 0.2 mg/kg Y-Se) and the level of EM (H<jats:sub>EMB</jats:sub> = high EM: 0.5% EM; Z<jats:sub>EMB</jats:sub> = low EM: 0% EM). Each treatment had 5 replicates and each replicate consisted of 20 broiler chickens. The trial lasted for 70 days. The results showed that, in breast muscle, the broiler chickens fed O<jats:sub>Se</jats:sub> source decreased the pH<jats:sub>24h</jats:sub>, drip loss, shear force, perimeter, cross-sectional area, and diameter, but increased the <jats:inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>a</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>24</mml:mn><mml:mtext>h</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>*</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:math></jats:inline-formula> and density compared with the broiler chickens fed I<jats:sub>Se</jats:sub> source (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05); broiler chickens supplied with H<jats:sub>EMB</jats:sub> level decreased the cross-sectional area and diameter, but increased the pH<jats:sub>24h</jats:sub>, <jats:inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>a</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>24</mml:mn><mml:mtext>h</mml:mtext><mml:mo>,</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>*</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:math></jats:inline-formula> and density compared with the broiler chickens supplied with Z<jats:sub>EMB</jats:sub> level (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). In thigh muscle, O<jats:sub>Se</jats:sub> source and H<jats:sub>EMB</jats:sub> level also could improve the meat quality and change muscle fiber characteristics of broiler chickens (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Meat quality was correlated with the muscle fiber characteristics (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). O<jats:sub>Se</jats:sub> source and H<jats:sub>EMB</jats:sub> level could regulate the expression levels of muscle fiber-relative genes in the breast and thigh muscles (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, O<jats:sub>Se</jats:sub> source and H<jats:sub>EMB</jats:sub> level could improve the meat quality of the breast and thigh muscles of three-yellow chickens by changing the muscle fiber characteristics, and they changed the muscle fiber characteristics by regulating the expression levels of muscle fiber-relative genes.</jats:p>
