摘要：
采用~(60)Co-γ射线诱变籼稻(Oryza sativa subsp.indica)保持系'T98B'获得一份兼具黄叶和少分蘖表型的突变体yllt1(yellow leaf and less tillering 1),利用色素含量测定、构建显隐性混池和基因表达量测定等方法从表型和遗传层面对其遗传特征进行分析。结果显示:yllt1苗期叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量为野生型水稻品种'T98B'的77.78%和60.00%,叶绿体发育异常,缺乏功能性叶绿体类囊体片层;其分蘖盛期的单株分蘖数为野生型的21.43%。遗传分析发现,在突变体yllt1与'T98B'的杂交F_2群体中,黄叶与少分蘖性状的重组率为0.00%,表明yllt1同时控制叶色与分蘖表型;yllt1呈隐性遗传,受一个细胞核基因独立控制。该研究进一步采用连锁分析法将yllt1精细定位到第11染色体上,经测序分析推断发生了突变的登录号为LOC_Os11g05552的基因是yllt1的目的基因;该基因编码叶绿体前体信号识别颗粒54 kD(cpSRP54)蛋白,其第1外显子的第29位碱基C发生了缺失,将造成其蛋白产物从N-端至C-端氨基酸组成的严重破坏。RT-qPCR分析结果显示,yllt1叶中叶绿素合成基因OsCAO1、OsCAO2与OsNOL等的表达量明显下调;茎中分蘖正向调控基因OsTAC1受到显著抑制,而负调控基因OsTB1与OsDLT的表达量明显增强。研究结果表明cpSRP54同时参与了水稻叶色和分蘖的调控。
摘要：
选取有代表性的10个南荻（Miscanthus lutarioriparius L. Liu ex Renvoize&S. L. Chen）野生居群,以种群转录组数据为基础,对种群局部适应性的关键因子进行研究。首先利用SNP构建推断单倍型,分析环境间和推断单倍型间的差异表达基因,并将这类基因分为4类:仅受环境显著影响的基因（E）、仅受单倍型显著影响的基因（G）、受环境和单倍型相互作用显著影响的基因（G&E）以及非显著影响的基因。分析结果显示:G&E和E基因集在种群局域适应中发挥重要作用,前者的基因表达更容易受其它因素的影响,而后者相对较为稳定;前者中显著富集核糖体途径相关功能基因,后者中显著富集蛋白质折叠相关功能基因。这两类功能基因均参与响应外界压力,推测这些基因的差异表达主要受环境以及基因型和生长环境相互作用的影响。
期刊：
Molecular Genetics and Genomics,2019年294(1):35-45 ISSN：1617-4615
通讯作者：
Chen, Cuixia
作者机构：
[Chen, Cuixia; Yang, Yinqing; Ge, Chunxia; Jia, Shengfeng] Shandong Agr Univ, State Key Lab Crop Biol, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Cuixia; Yang, Yinqing; Ge, Chunxia; Jia, Shengfeng] Shandong Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China.;[Che, Lu] Shandong Agr Univ, Network Informat Technol Ctr, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China.;[Ai, Xin] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort & Landscape, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yi, Zili] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, Cuixia] S;Shandong Agr Univ, State Key Lab Crop Biol, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China.;Shandong Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Miscanthus is recognized as a promising lignocellulosic crop for the production of bioethanol and bioproducts worldwide. To facilitate the identification of agronomical important traits and establish genetics knowledge, two genetic maps were developed from a controlled interspecific cross between M. floridulus and M. sacchariflorus. A total of 650 SSR markers were mapped in M. floridulus, spanning 19 linkage groups and 2053.31 cM with an average interval of 3.25 cM. The map of M. sacchariflorus comprised 495 SSR markers in 19 linkage groups covering 1684.86 cM with an average interval of 3.54 cM. The estimation on genome length indicated that the genome coverage of parental genetic maps were 93.87% and 89.91%, respectively. Eighty-eight bi-parental common markers were allowed to connect the two maps, and six pairs of syntenic linkage groups were recognized. Furthermore, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of three agronomic traits, namely, plant height (PH), heading time (HT), and flowering time (FT), demonstrated that a total of 66 QTLs were identified in four consecutive years using interval mapping and multiple-QTL model. The LOD value of these QTLs ranged from 2.51 to 10.60, and the phenotypic variation explained varied from 9.50 to 37.10%. QTL cluster in syntenic groups MF19/MS7 contained six stable QTLs associated with PH, HT, and FT. In conclusion, we report for the first time the genetic mapping of biomass traits in M. floridulus and M. sacchariflorus. These results will be a valuable genetic resource, facilitating the discovery of essential genes and breeding of Miscanthus.
关键词：
Population genetics;Species diversity;Phylogeography;Scottish people;Gene flow;Genetic polymorphism;Conservation genetics;Plant breeding
摘要：
Miscanthus lutarioriparius is a native perennial Miscanthus species of China, which is currently used as raw material of papermaking and bioenergy crop. It also has been considered as a promising eco-bioindustrial plant, which can offer raw material and gene for the biomass industry. However, lack of germplasm resources and genetic diversity information of M. lutarioriparius have become the bottleneck that prevents the stable and further development of the biomass industry. In the present study, genetic diversity of 153 M. lutarioriparius individuals nine populations was studied using 27 Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers. High polymorphic bands (97.67%), polymorphic information content (0.26) and allele number (1.88) showed SCoT as a reliable marker system for genetic analysis in M. lutarioriparius. At the species, the percentage of polymorphic loci [PPL] was 97.2%, Nei's gene diversity [H] was 0.36, Shannon index [I] was 0.54 and Expected Heterozygosity [He] was 0.56. Genetic variation within populations (84.91%) was higher than among populations (15.09%) based on analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Moderate level of genetic differentiation was found in M. lutarioriparius populations (Fst = 0.15), which is further confirmed by STRUCTURE, principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analysis that could reveal a clear separation between groups of the north and south of Yangtze River. The gene flow of the populations within the respective south and north of Yangtze River area was higher, but lower between the areas. There was no obvious correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance. The breeding systems, geographical isolation and fragmented habitat of M. lutarioriparius may be due to the high level of genetic diversity, moderate genetic differentiation, and the population, structure. The study further suggests some measure for conservation of genetic resources and provides the genetic basis for improving the efficiency of breeding based on the results of diversity analysis.
