摘要：
The effects of S and Se treatment on cabbage, especially the interactions of S and Se metabolism with the biosynthesis of glucosinolate (GSL), including glucoraphanin, which is a major aliphatic GSL in cruciferous vegetables and the precursor of the anticancer compound sulforaphane, were examined. Cabbage plants were treated with sulfate and selenite (SeO32-), and the total S, Se, and GSL contents of cabbage head and outer foliage leaves were measured. Results showed that selenite treatment was beneficial to GSL biosynthesis and Se accumulation in cabbage head and outer foliage leaves. GSL synthesis was induced by exogenous selenite-elevated sulfate treatment at certain concentration ratios, i.e., 50-mu M selenite + 1-mM sulfate or 100-mu M selenite + 4-mM sulfate. A high exogenous sulfate concentration was more favorable to GSL accumulation than a low sulfate concentration. According to the relative expression of genes on GSL synthesis, an increase in the GSL content was attributed to the upregulation of gene expression and possible transportation from the outer foliage leaf to the head of cabbage. These results might be helpful for increasing the health benefits of cabbage by supplying exogenous S and Se. Further research should explore the effects of sulfate and selenite on GSL precursor substances to reveal the reason why total GSL contents increased.
摘要：
Tubers are vegetative reproduction organs formed from underground extensions of the plant stem. Potato tubers are harvested and stored for months. Storage under cold temperatures of 2-4 degrees C is advantageous for supressing sprouting and diseases. However, development of reducing sugars can occur with cold storage through a process called cold-induced sweetening (CIS). CIS is undesirable as it leads to darkened color with fry processing. The purpose of the current study was to find differences in biological responses in eight cultivars with variation in CIS resistance. Transcriptome sequencing was done on tubers before and after cold storage and three approaches were taken for gene expression analysis: 1. Gene expression correlated with end-point glucose after cold storage, 2. Gene expression correlated with increased glucose after cold storage (after-before), and 3. Differential gene expression before and after cold storage. Cultivars with high CIS resistance (low glucose after cold) were found to increase expression of an invertase inhibitor gene and genes involved in DNA replication and repair after cold storage. The cultivars with low CIS resistance (high glucose after cold) showed increased expression of genes involved in abiotic stress response, gene expression, protein turnover and the mitochondria. There was a small number of genes with similar expression patterns for all cultivars including genes involved in cell wall strengthening and phospholipases. It is proposed that the pattern of gene expression is related to chilling-induced DNA damage repair and cold acclimation and that genetic variation in these processes are related to CIS.
摘要：
Growth hormone (ScGH) and growth hormone receptor (ScGHR) genes from the barbel chub (Squaliobarbus curriculus), in addition to their cDNAs, were cloned. The associations between their mRNA expression levels and growth-related traits were analysed, and the differences in the levels of expression of growth regulation-related genes between the largest and smallest individuals were compared. The full-length 1182-bp cDNA of ScGH contained a 633-bp open reading frame (ORF), and the length of the gene had 2492 bp. The full-length 2825-bp cDNA of ScGHRa contained a 1818-bp ORF, and the gene had 6970 bp. The full-length 2822-bp cDNA of ScGHRb contained a 1737-bp ORF, and the gene had 8149 bp. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that ScGH was only expressed in the pituitary. ScGHRa was expressed predominantly in muscle, and the expression level of ScGHRb was the highest in the liver. The ScGHRa mRNA levels in the muscle were significantly negatively correlated with the caudal peduncle length. However, no correlation between growth-related traits and ScGH and ScGHRb expression levels were found. Pituitary ScGH, liver GHRb and liver insulin-like growth factor I (igf-1) expression levels were significantly higher in the largest individuals than those in the smallest S. curriculus individuals. Contrarily, the largest individuals had significantly lower expression levels of muscle igf-1 and liver myog than the smallest individuals. Overall, our results provide novel molecular information for growth-regulation study of S. curriculus.
作者：
Du, Huihui;Tao, Jie;Yang, Ruijia;Lei, Ming*;Tie, Boqing;...
期刊：
Journal of Soils and Sediments,2020年20(5):2418-2425 ISSN：1439-0108
通讯作者：
Lei, Ming
作者机构：
[Tao, Jie; Nie, Ning; Xu, Zelin; Du, Huihui; Tie, Boqing; Hu, Meng; Lei, Ming; Liu, Xin; Yang, Ruijia] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Hunan Engn & Technol Res Ctr Irrigat Water Purifi, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Tao, Jie; Nie, Ning; Xu, Zelin; Du, Huihui; Tie, Boqing; Hu, Meng; Lei, Ming; Liu, Xin; Yang, Ruijia] Minist Agr, Key Lab Southern Farmland Pollut Prevent & Contro, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Lei, Ming] H;[Lei, Ming] M;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Hunan Engn & Technol Res Ctr Irrigat Water Purifi, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Minist Agr, Key Lab Southern Farmland Pollut Prevent & Contro, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Antimony;Adsorption;Oxidation;Birnessite;Bacteria;Organo-mineral association
摘要：
Purpose The adsorption-oxidation of Sb on manganese oxide plays an important role in controlling Sb mobility and fate in soils and sediments. Widespread organic substances such as microbes may greatly affect this process, and deserve a careful investigation. This study examines the adsorption and oxidation of Sb(III, V) on birnessite, a typical manganese oxide, with and without Bacillus cereus cells. Materials and methods Adsorption isotherms were conducted to explore the adsorption capacity of Sb to the birnessite-bacteria composite. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was applied to determine the valence state of Mn and the adsorbed Sb species. Results and discussion The SEM results show that birnessite adheres to the outer surface of bacterial cells, and the aggregation of minerals occurs to a lesser extent in the presence of cells. Batch adsorption results show a much larger Sb adsorption on individual birnessite than on bacteria, and the measured Sb adsorption to the birnessite-bacteria composite is larger than that predicted assuming additive, i.e., the sum of the end-member metal adsorptivities. On birnessite, Sb(III) is predominately oxidized to Sb(V) according to the XPS analysis, and the presence of bacteria hinders this oxidation reaction. Conclusions We propose that microbe-birnessite association favors the immobilization of Sb on solid phases, but can inhibit the oxidation of Sb(III) to Sb(V), which is of great significance for evaluating the toxicity, bio-availability, and mobility of Sb in both natural and contaminated environments.
作者机构：
[Tan, Jie] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Landscape Architecture & Art Design, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Yu, De] China Univ Geosci, Sch Publ Adm, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.;[Li, Qiang] Hunan Hydro & Power Design Inst, Changsha 410007, Peoples R China.;[Tan, Xuelan; Zhou, Weijun] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Tan, Jie] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Landscape Architecture & Art Design, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The Dongting Lake area (China) is a climate change-sensitive and ecologically fragile area and plays a crucial role in the regulation of the regional climate. In recent decades, rapid social and economic development has led to increased land use/land cover (LULC) changes in the Dongting Lake area, which affect the surface energy balance and hydrological processes. Its contemporary variability under climate change remains highly uncertain. Therefore, we retrieved the Land surface temperature (LST) from the Landsat 7 data and explored its relationship with the LULC types. The results showed that LST is significantly affected by surface type. LST varied significantly across LULC types, with higher LSTs in built-up land, reed beach land, forest land, and paddy fields than in water bodies, mud beaches, marshlands, and riparian forests. Water bodies play an important regulatory role in reducing LST and mitigating thermal effects on the ground. The winter LST in the study area increased by approximately 3.5 °C, which may be related to the decrease in the area of Dongting Lake water bodies, water fields and reed flats after the Three Gorges Reservoir was impounded. Compared with the relationship between the NDVI, DEM, and distance from the water body, the negative correlation between the NDMI and LST was stronger and more stable and had the greatest effect on LST. These insights improve the understanding of the land change consequences on the temporal dynamics of LST.
关键词：
Soil conditioner;Sustainable;Gelatin and chitosan;Emulsion crosslinking
摘要：
Traditional soil conditioners can be used as drugs to regulate elements in soil due to overuse or pollution. There are some negative effects such as low efficiency, hard to degrade and harmful to the environment when they are used. Soil conditioners prepared from sustainable macromolecules can reduce or eliminate these negative effects. In this work, gelatin (GL), chitosan (CS), magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) and fulvic acid (FA) were combined and prepared into GL/CS/MAP-FA soil conditioner microspheres with core-shell structure through emulsion crosslinking method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis results clarified the surface composition of the microspheres and revealed the good coating performance of GL/CS shell materials. The thermal stability of the microspheres was measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Water-retention, degradation and crop cultivation showed that these microspheres owned good biocompatibility, which can extend the water-retention time of the soil, settle free heavy metal ions and promote crop growth. The load of fertilizer in the microsphere can effectively prolong the release cycle and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer.(c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Zhu Ying-chun; Sun Xiao-wu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Si Wen-jing; An Guo-lin; Li Wei-hua; Zhu Ying-chun; Sun De-xi; Deng Yun; Liu Jun-pu] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Zhengzhou Fruit Res Inst, Zhengzhou 450009, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu Jun-pu] C;Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Zhengzhou Fruit Res Inst, Zhengzhou 450009, Peoples R China.
摘要：
In vitro gynogenesis is an important tool used in haploid or homozygous double-haploid plant breeding. However, because of low repeatability, embryoid induction rate and quality, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Heat shock treatment can promote the transformation of the gametophytic pathway into the sporophyte pathway, which induces the occurrence of haploid. In this study, unfertilized ovaries were heat shocked for 0 h (A0) before flowering and for 0 h (A1), 4 h (A3), 8 h (A5), 12 h (A7), and 24 h (A8), respectively, at 37°C at the first day of the flowering stage. The ovule enlargement rate was increased from 0% at 25°C to 96.8% at 37°C (24 h treatment). Thus, we aimed to investigate the gene expression patterns in unfertilized ovules of watermelon after different periods of heat shock by using RNA-Seq technology. The results showed that compared with A3, A5, A7, and A8, the biosynthesis of amino acid, glycine, serine and threonine metabolic pathways in A1 has changed significantly. This indicated that heat shock treatment affected the synthesis and transformation of amino acids during ovule expansion. The transcriptome data suggested gene expressions of ovule growth were significantly changed by heat-specific influences. The results provide new information on the complex relationship between in vitro gynogenesis and temperature. This provides a basis for further study of the mechanism of heat shock affecting the expansion of watermelon ovule.
摘要：
An alpha-galactosidase designated as TAG was purified from the dried fruit bodies of Tremella aurantialba with 182.5-fold purification. The purification procedure involved ion exchange chromatography on Q-sepharose, DEAE-Cellulose, and Mono Q and gel filtration by FPLC on Superdex 75. The purified alpha-galactosidase was a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 88 kDa. The optimal pH of TAG was 5.0 and more than 60% of the original enzyme activity remained at pH 2.0 and 3.0. Its optimal temperature was 54 degrees C with good thermo-stability, 30.8% of the original activity was retained after exposure to a temperature of 70 degrees C for 1 h. The metal ions Hg(2+), Cu(2+), Fe(3+) and Mg(2+) strongly inhibited the enzyme activity. The enzyme activity was found to be inhibited by N-bromosuccinimide indicating that tryptophan was essential to the catalytic activity of alpha-galactosidase. The enzyme completely hydrolysed stachyose and partially hydrolysed raffinose to galactose at 50 degrees C within 6 h as detected by thin layer chromatography and the dinitrosalicylic acid method and the content of reducing sugar reached 4.36 mg/mL.
关键词：
antioxidant status;biochemical characteristics;carcass and meat quality;duck;Magnolol
摘要：
Magnolol rich in Magnolia officinalis is a bioactive polyphenolic compound. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of magnolol additive (MA) on carcass and meat quality, biochemical characteristics and antioxidative capacity of Linwu ducks, by comparing it to that of antibiotic additive (colistin sulphate, CS). A total of 275 49-d-old ducks were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 5 cages of 11 ducks each and fed by the diets supplemented with 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg of MA/kg and 30 mg of CS/kg for 3 weeks, respectively. The results revealed that MA administration not only increased dressed percentage (calculated as a percentage of live weight), percentage of breast muscle, leg muscle and lean meat (calculated as a percentage of eviscerated weight), but also remarkably increased a*45 min and pH45 min of leg muscle. Moreover, MA administration decreased the percentage of abdominal fat (calculated as a percentage of eviscerated weight), 45-min cooking loss, water loss rate of leg muscle, 45-min cooking loss and drip loss of breast muscle at 24 hr and 48 hr. Furthermore, MA administration enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in serum or liver, serum total antioxidant capacity and hepatic reduced glutathione concentration significantly, compared with the basal diet or CS group (p < .05). On the other hand, triglyceride, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine contents in serum and liver were significantly increased in Linwu ducks fed with CS, compared with MA groups (p < .05). Taken together, these data demonstrated that magnolol could effectively improve the carcass and meat quality of Linwu ducks by regulating the in vivo antioxidant status and would be a potential candidate to replace antibiotic.
摘要：
Five new cyclic diarylheptanoids (platycary A–E, compounds 1–5) and three previously identified analogues (i.e., phttyearynol (compound 6), myricatomentogenin (compound 7), and juglanin D (compound 8)) were isolated from the stem bark of Platycarya strobilacea. The structures of these compounds were determined using NMR, HRESIMS, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1–5 and their ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production, as well as protect against the corticosterone-induced apoptosis of Pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, were evaluated in vitro using the appropriate bioassays. Compounds 1 and 2 significantly inhibited the corticosterone-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells at a concentration of 20 μΜ.
