期刊：
Environment, Development and Sustainability,2024年 ISSN：1387-585X
通讯作者：
Chen, JY
作者机构：
[Dong, Xuesong] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Business, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Jinyu; Huang, Jianbai] Cent South Univ, Sch Business, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Jinyu; Dong, Xuesong; Huang, Jianbai] Cent South Univ, Inst Met Resources Strategy, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, JY ] C;Cent South Univ, Sch Business, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.;Cent South Univ, Inst Met Resources Strategy, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Metal consumption;Input-output analysis;Structural path analysis;Structural decomposition analysis
摘要：
The dependence of economic development on the metal resource is one of the challenges for developing countries. Given the enormous pressure of resource shortage in China, exploring the flow of metals between sectors is critical to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Based on the Chinese environmentally extended input-output (CEEIO) database from 1997 to 2017, the structural decomposition analysis (SDA) and the structural path analysis (SPA) models were combined to analyze the main driving factors and key paths of metal consumption in China. The results show that from 1997 to 2017, China's economic development and metal consumption presented states of weak decoupling and expansion coupling. Capital formation, consumption expansion, and export expansion were main drivers of metal consumption. Sectors such as metal smelting, construction, and other manufacturing products consumed a large amount of metal directly or provide intermediate products for other sectors. In the future, the upstream and downstream links of the industrial chain should be managed according to the key path, so as to optimize the structure of intermediate products and final demand and realize metal resources conservation from production to consumption.
摘要：
Being a destructive pest worldwide, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci has evolved resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides. The third-generation neonicotinoid dinotefuran has commonly been applied to the control of the whitefly, but its underlying mechanism is currently unknown. On the base of our transcriptome data, here we aim to investigate whether the cytochrome P450 CYP6EM1 underlies dinotefuran resistance in the whitefly. Compared to the susceptible strain, the CYP6EM1 gene was found to be highly expressed in both laboratory and field dinotefuran-resistant populations. Upon exposure to dinotefuran, the mRNA levels of CYP6EM1 were increased. These results demonstrate the involvement of this gene in dinotefuran resistance. Loss and gain of functional studies in vivo were conducted through RNAi and transgenic Drosophila melanogaster assays, confirming the role of CYP6EM1 in conferring such resistance. In a metabolism assay in vitro, the CYP6EM1 protein could metabolize 28.11% of dinotefuran with a possible dinotefuran-dm-NNO metabolite via UPLC-QTOF/MS. Docking of dinotefuran to the CYP6EM1 protein showed a good binding affinity, with an energy of less than -6.0 kcal/mol. Overall, these results provide compelling evidence that CYP6EM1 plays a crucial role in the metabolic resistance of B. tabaci to dinotefuran. Our work provides new insights into the mechanism underlying neonicotinoid resistance and applied knowledge that can contribute to sustainable control of a global pest such as whitefly.
作者机构：
[Xiao, Xiao; Lu, Bingyi; Wang, Boran; Mao, Rui; Liu, Yingqi; Zhou, Guangmin; Lu, Gongxun; Song, Yanze] Tsinghua Univ, Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Inst, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;[Xiao, Xiao; Lu, Bingyi; Wang, Boran; Mao, Rui; Liu, Yingqi; Zhou, Guangmin; Lu, Gongxun; Song, Yanze] Tsinghua Univ, Tsinghua Shenzhen Int Grad Sch, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;[Yang, JL; Lu, Bingyi; Yang, Jinlong] Shenzhen Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Guangdong Res Ctr Interfacial Engn Funct Mat, Shenzhen Key Lab Energy Electrocatalyt Mat, Shenzhen 518060, Peoples R China.;[Min, Zhiwen; Sun, YM; Sun, Yuanmiao] Chinese Acad Sci, Fac Mat Sci & Energy Engn, Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol, Inst Technol Carbon Neutral, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Biao] Tianjin Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Tianjin 300350, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yang, JL ] S;[Sun, YM ] C;[Zhou, GM ] T;Tsinghua Univ, Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Inst, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;Tsinghua Univ, Tsinghua Shenzhen Int Grad Sch, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.
关键词：
bidirectional catalysts;in-built electric fields;Li-CO2 batteries;overpotential;spent lithium-ion batteries
摘要：
Lithium-carbon dioxide (Li-CO2) batteries are regarded as a prospective technology to relieve the pressure of greenhouse emissions but are confronted with sluggish CO2 redox kinetics and low energy efficiency. Developing highly efficient and low-cost catalysts to boost bidirectional activities is craved but remains a huge challenge. Herein, derived from the spent lithium-ion batteries, a tandem catalyst is subtly synthesized and significantly accelerates the CO2 reduction and evolution reactions (CO2RR and CO2ER) kinetics with an in-built electric field (BEF). Combining with the theoretical calculations and advanced characterization techniques, this work reveals that the designed interface-induced BEF regulates the adsorption/decomposition of the intermediates during CO2RR and CO2ER, endowing the recycled tandem catalyst with excellent bidirectional activities. As a result, the spent electronics-derived tandem catalyst exhibits remarkable bidirectional catalytic performance, such as an ultralow voltage gap of 0.26 V and an ultrahigh energy efficiency of 92.4%. Profoundly, this work affords new opportunities to fabricate low-cost electrocatalysts from recycled spent electronics and inspires fresh perceptions of interfacial regulation including but not limited to BEF to engineer better Li-CO2 batteries.
摘要：
The cadmium (Cd) accumulates in birnessite as it forms on the surface of paddy crusts (PC). The stability of Cd-containing birnessite is influenced by environmental factors, and destabilized birnessite releases dissolved Cd. We report the effects of pH, oxalic acid, and light on the dissolution of Cd-containing birnessite. We found that at pH 4.0, with light and 0.20 mol/L oxalic acid, the ratio of dissolved Cd and manganese (Mn) peaked after 24 h at 2978.0 mu g/g and 326.8 mg/g, respectively. The three environmental factors affected the dissolution of Cd-containing birnessite in the following order: pH > oxalic acid > light. During dissolution process, Cd and Mn did not dissolve simultaneously, and the dissolved Cd/Mn ratio in the solution was significantly lower than that of the pristine mineral (33.5 x 10(-3)). Compared with Mn, Cd dissolution was inhibited by strong acidity (pH 4.0-5.0), and the dissolved Cd/Mn ratio was 5-10 x 10(-3). Mild acidity (pH 6.0) was weakly inhibitory, with a Cd/Mn ratio of 6-15 x 10(-3). In an alkaline (pH 8.0) oxalate environment, light illumination inhibited Cd dissolution, and the Cd/Mn ratio decreased over time due to the stability of the products formed by oxalate and carbonate, with Cd being more stable than those formed by Mn. Our findings would provide insights into the migration and transformation of PC-associated Cd in paddy fields.
摘要：
Lilium growth is severely impeded by continuous cropping, and crop rotation is essential to reducing the detrimental effects of monocultures. Soil (0-20 cm) was collected in three Lilium cropping patterns in Longshan County, Hunan Province, including continuous Lilium cropping (Lilium), corn upland rotation with Lilium (Corn), and paddy rotation with Lilium (Rice). Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology, the fungal ribosomal DNA internal-transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) was examined to evaluate the features of soil fungi communities among three cropping patterns. Crop rotation has an impact on soil properties and the microbial community. Rice soil has a significantly higher pH than Lilium and corn soil, while corn and rice soil have a greater total nitrogen and total phosphorus content than Lilium soil. Rotation cropping clearly shifted the fungi community diversity based on the results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Ascomycota was the most prevalent phylum, with the highest levels in Lilium soil. Genetic analysis revealed that paddy rotation led to a clear reduction in or non-detection of eight potentially pathogenic fungal genera and a noticeable accumulation of eight beneficial fungal genera compared to Lilium continuous cropping. Fungi communities and their abundant taxa were correlated with soil pH and nutrients. Altogether, we propose that rice rotation, with its ability to mitigate soil acidification, reducing pathogenic and accumulating beneficial communities, may be an effective strategy for alleviating the continuous cropping barrier.
关键词：
Paddy soil;Type I and II methanotrophs;Methane oxidation rate;Carbon conversion efficiency;PLFA-SIP;Climate zones;Soil pH
摘要：
Conventional aerobic methanotrophs oxidize methane (CH4) and covert CH4-derived carbon (C) into biomass at the oxic-anoxic interface of inundated rice paddy fields, playing indispensable role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and loss of organic C from methanogenesis. Two phylogenetically distinct groups of methanotrophs, type I (gamma-proteobacteria) and type II (alpha-proteobacteria) methanotrophs, often co-exist in rice paddy soil and compete for CH4 biotransformation. Since these two methanotrophic groups also possess differential kinetics of CH4 oxidation and pathways of C assimilation, the consequence of their niche differentiation and metabolic differences in soil is expected to affect the CH4 oxidation rate and C conversion efficiency. Here, we examined the microbiology, chemistry, and CH4 metabolism in 24 geographically different paddy soils, covering four climate zones of eastern China. High-throughput sequencing of pmoA gene displayed a clear separation of in situ methanotrophic compositions between temperate (warm and mid-temperate) and warmer (subtropics and tropics) climate zones, likely driven by soil pH. Both methanotrophic groups were detected in soils but proportions of type I methanotrophs increased in temperate soils of higher pH (accounting for 76.1 +/- 12.4% and 44.1 +/- 14.8% in warm temperate and mid-temperate, respectively). Type II methanotrophs prevailed in warmer zones (accounting for 66.2 +/- 21.6% and 70.5 +/- 12.1% in tropics and subtropics, respectively) where soils were more acidic. Higher incorporation of 13C for synthesis in C14+C16 PLFAs (63.1-93.4% of total production of 13C-PLFAs) was found based on microcosm incubation, reflecting type I methanotrophs dominated the CH4 assimilation in paddy soils. Particularly, temperate soils with increased proportions of type I methanotrophs showed higher CH4 oxidation rate and C conversion efficiency. Collectively, this study depicts a continental-scale disparity of methanotrophic dynamics that tightly associates with consequence of niche differentiation of different types of methanotrophs and highlights the importance of microbiological control to maximize the rate and efficiency of methanotrophy.
摘要：
Understanding the yield attributes of the popular rice (Oryza sativa L.) hybrids can provide useful information for developing new hybrid rice varieties. Field experiments were conducted at two subtropical sites (Hengyang and Xingyi) in two years (2021 and 2022) to compare grain yield and yield attributes of three currently popular hybrid rice varieties (Jingliangyouhuazhan, Jingliangyou 534, and Longliangyouhuazhan) with three representative super hybrid rice varieties (Y-liangyou 1, Y-liangyou 2, and Y-liangyou 900). No significant differences in grain yield were observed between the group of popular hybrids and the group of super hybrids at Hengyang and Xingyi in 2021 or at Xingyi in 2022, but at Hengyang in 2022, the group of popular hybrids produced a 15% higher grain yield. The grain yield at Hengyang in 2022 was lower than that at Hengyang and Xingyi in 2021 and at Xingyi in 2022. At Hengyang in 2022, the group of popular hybrids had 9-15% higher panicles per m2, spikelet filling percentage, and harvest index but similar spikelets per panicle and total biomass production and 12% lower grain weight compared to the group of super hybrids. Correlation plot analysis showed that grain yield was significantly related to panicles per m2 but not other yield attributes across six varieties at Hengyang in 2022. These results indicated that the currently popular hybrid rice varieties had higher yield performance than the representative super hybrid rice varieties under the condition of relatively lower productivity, and the key factor for this higher yield performance in the popular hybrids was the higher panicles per m2. This finding highlights that more attention should focus on the yield performance under medium- and low-productivity conditions in hybrid rice breeding programs, and an effective breeding strategy is to select the varieties with high panicle numbers.
关键词：
RNA barcode segments;SARS-CoV-2 variants and related lineages;HCoVs;Genetic tests;Complete genome sequences
摘要：
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), continues to evolve, giving rise to more variants and global reinfections. Previous research has demonstrated that barcode segments can effectively and cost-efficiently identify specific species within closely related populations. In this study, we designed and tested RNA barcode segments based on genetic evolutionary relationships to facilitate the efficient and accurate identification of SARS-CoV-2 from extensive virus samples, including human coronaviruses (HCoVs) and SARSr-CoV-2 lineages. Nucleotide sequences sourced from NCBI and GISAID were meticulously selected and curated to construct training sets, encompassing 1733 complete genome sequences of HCoVs and SARSr-CoV-2 lineages. Through genetic-level species testing, we validated the accuracy and reliability of the barcode segments for identifying SARS-CoV-2. Subsequently, 75 main and subordinate species-specific barcode segments for SARS-CoV-2, located in ORF1ab, S, E, ORF7a, and N coding sequences, were intercepted and screened based on single-nucleotide polymorphism sites and weighted scores. Post-testing, these segments exhibited high recall rates (nearly 100%), specificity (almost 30% at the nucleotide level), and precision (100%) performance on identification. They were eventually visualized using one and two-dimensional combined barcodes and deposited in an online database (http://virusbarcodedatabase.top/). The successful integration of barcoding technology in SARS-CoV-2 identification provides valuable insights for future studies involving complete genome sequence polymorphism analysis. Moreover, this cost-effective and efficient identification approach also provides valuable reference for future research endeavors related to virus surveillance.
摘要：
This study aimed to develop a systematic method for assessing the cold tolerance of broccoli seedlings, which is helpful to evaluating the cold tolerance of broccoli cultivars. We selected 14 classical broccoli cultivars and evaluated their cold tolerance by examining physiological indicators including the levels of cold resistance, electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The results showed that there were significant differences in detected characteristics in all cultivars after cold stress during the seedling stage (p < 0.05). Among them, Meiqing had the strongest cold tolerance, followed by King 11, Zhongqing 15, Meiao 7172, Zhongqing 318, Zheqing 80, Zhongqing 16, Zhongqing 319, and Lvxiong 90. However, Zhongqing 11, Yanxiu, Qianghan, and Feicui 5, showed the worst cold tolerance (all died). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that there was a significantly negative correlation between the cold tolerance and the electrical conductivity during broccoli seedling stage, with a correlation coefficient of -0.586 (p < 0.05). At the same time, we found that the electrical conductivity of all broccoli cultivars showed a positive correlation with the MDA and soluble sugar levels, with the correlation coefficients 0.650 and 0.573, respectively (p < 0.05). This study not only firstly provides a fundamental method for evaluating the cold tolerance in different broccoli genotypes and the other cruciferous vegetables, but also offers a scientific evidence explaining the cold tolerance of the Meiqing, King 11, and Zhongqing 15 cultivars widely cultivated in China.
摘要：
Glucosinolates (GLS) in cruciferous vegetables are anti-nutritional factors. Excessive or long-term intake of GLS-containing feed is harmful to animal health and may cause kidney damage. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a GLS. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of PEITC on a porcine kidney (PK-15) cell line and explored the mechanism of PEITC-induced apoptosis. We found that PEITC could affect cell viability and induce cell apoptosis after incubating cells for 24h. High concentrations of PEITC can induce intracellular ROS accumulation, resulting in impaired mitochondrial function (decreased MMP, decreased ATP) and DNA damage (increased 8-OHdG), cytochrome c in mitochondria is released into the cytoplasm and activates mitochondrial pathway apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2 family and caspase-9, -3). Meanwhile, PEITC could induce intracellular Ca(2+) accumulation, disrupt ER homeostasis, and activate the expression levels of three ER-resident transmembrane proteins orchestrating the UPR (PERK, IRE-1α and ATF6) and ER-related proteins (GRP78 and CHOP), thereby activating ERS-pathway apoptosis-related proteins (caspase-12, -7). Our results showed that low concentration (2.5μM) of PEITC had no damaging effect on cells. In comparison, a high concentration (10μM) of PEITC could induce cell damage in porcine kidney cells and induce apoptosis in PK-15 cells via the Mitochondrial ROS-associated ERS pathway.
作者机构：
[Yang, JL; Lu, Bingyi; Yang, Jinlong] Shenzhen Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Shenzhen Key Lab Energy Electrocatalyt Mat, Guangdong Res Ctr Interfacial Engn Funct Mat, Shenzhen 518060, Peoples R China.;[Lu, Bingyi] Shenzhen Univ, Coll Phys & Optoelect Engn, Shenzhen 518060, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Guangmin; Xiao, Xiao; Lao, Zhoujie; Lu, Bingyi; Liu, Yingqi; Zhou, GM; Wu, Xinru] Tsinghua Univ, Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Inst, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Guangmin; Xiao, Xiao; Lao, Zhoujie; Lu, Bingyi; Liu, Yingqi; Zhou, GM; Wu, Xinru] Tsinghua Univ, Tsinghua Shenzhen Int Grad Sch, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Biao] Tianjin Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Tianjin 300350, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yang, JL ] S;[Zhou, GM ] T;Shenzhen Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Shenzhen Key Lab Energy Electrocatalyt Mat, Guangdong Res Ctr Interfacial Engn Funct Mat, Shenzhen 518060, Peoples R China.;Tsinghua Univ, Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Inst, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;Tsinghua Univ, Tsinghua Shenzhen Int Grad Sch, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Li-CO2 batteries;bidirectional catalyst;coulombic efficiency;energy band engineering
摘要：
Abstract Li‐CO2 batteries have aroused great interest in the context of carbon neutralization, but their practicability is severely hindered by the sluggish CO2 redox reaction kinetics at the cathode, which brings about formidable challenges such as high overpotential and low Coulombic efficiency. For the complex multi‐electron transfer process, the design of catalysts at the molecular or atomic level and the understanding of the relationship between electron state and performance are essential for the CO2 redox. However, little attention has been paid to it. In this work, using Co3S4 as a model system, density functional theory calculations reveal that the adjusted d‐band and p‐band centers of Co3S4 with the introduction of Cu and sulfur vacancies are hybridized between CO2 and Li species, respectively, which is conducive to the adsorption of reactants and the decomposition of Li2CO3, and the experimental results further verify the effectiveness of energy band engineering. As a result, a highly efficient bidirectional catalyst is produced, and shows an ultra‐small voltage gap of 0.73 V and marvelous Coulombic efficiency of 92.6%, surpassing to those of previous catalysts under similar conditions. This work presents an effective catalyst design and affords new insight into the high‐performance cathode catalyst materials for Li‐CO2 batteries. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
摘要：
In mammals, NLRX1 is a unique member of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) family showing an ability to negatively regulate IFN antiviral immunity. Intron-containing genes, including NLRX1, have more than one transcript due to alternative splicing; however, little is known about the function of its splicing variants. Here, we identified a transcript variant of NLRX1 in zebrafish (Danio rerio), termed NLRX1-tv4, as a negative regulator of fish IFN response. Zebrafish NLRX1-tv4 was slightly induced by viral infection, with an expression pattern similar to the full-length NLRX1. Despite the lack of an N-terminal domain that exists in the full-length NLRX1, overexpression of NLRX1-tv4 still impaired fish IFN antiviral response and promoted viral replication in fish cells, similar to the full-length NLRX1. Mechanistically, NLRX1-tv4 targeted STING for proteasome-dependent protein degradation by recruiting an E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF5 to drive the K48-linked ubiquitination, eventually downregulating the IFN antiviral response. Mapping of NLRX1-tv4 domains showed that its N-terminal and C-terminal regions exhibited a similar potential to inhibit STING-mediated IFN antiviral response. Our findings reveal that like the full-length NLRX1, zebrafish NLRX-tv4 functions as an inhibitor to shape fish IFN antiviral response.IMPORTANCEIn this study, we demonstrate that a transcript variant of zebrafish NLRX1, termed NLRX1-tv4, downregulates fish IFN response and promotes virus replication by targeting STING for protein degradation and impairing the interaction of STING and TBK1 and that its N- and C-terminus exhibit a similar inhibitory potential. Our results are helpful in clarifying the current contradictory understanding of structure and function of vertebrate NLRX1s. In this study, we demonstrate that a transcript variant of zebrafish NLRX1, termed NLRX1-tv4, downregulates fish IFN response and promotes virus replication by targeting STING for protein degradation and impairing the interaction of STING and TBK1 and that its N- and C-terminus exhibit a similar inhibitory potential. Our results are helpful in clarifying the current contradictory understanding of structure and function of vertebrate NLRX1s.
摘要：
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is a legume consumed as a high-quality plant protein source in many parts of the world. In August 2023, it was observed that a plant disease affected cowpea growth in Yiyang (28.34°N, 112.55°E), China. The average disease incidence was 10%, resulting in 8.5% economic losses in approximately 3,000 m(2). The symptoms initially appeared as brown lesions near the stem-soil interface and the lesions were colonized by white mycelia. As the disease progressed, the disease symptoms included constriction and brown staining at the base of the stem, covered with a small amount of white mycelia. Eventually, the entire plants withered and collapsed and many sclerotia were scattered on the ground around the diseased stem. Twenty samples (10 sclerotia and 10 diseased tissue fragments) were collected from symptomatic plants for causal agent isolation. Samples were disinfected with 70% ethanol for 30 s, 5% NaClO for 1 min, rinsed three times with sterile water, dried and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates at 28℃ in the dark. In total, 20 isolates were obtained by the hyphal tip method (Terrones et al. 2022) and showed a consistent phenotype of white cottony mycelia on PDA with an growth rate of 12.9 to 21.3 mm/day (n = 20). Sclerotia formed at five to eight days post inoculation, were initially whitish, turning beige and eventually dark brown. The diameter of mature sclerotia ranged from 0.89 to 2.13 mm (mean = 1.64±0.29 mm; n =50). For pathogen identification, ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990) and EF1-983F/EF1-2218R (Rehner and Buckley 2005) primers were used to amplify the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and translation elongation factor-1 alpha gene (TEF-1α), respectively. The sequences of all 20 isolates showed 99% to 100% similarity withAgroathelia rolfsii sequences from GenBank by BLAST analysis. The sequences of two representative strains, ID1 and ID4, were deposited in GenBank. The ITS sequences of ID1 (OR689482) and ID4 (OR689481) were ＞99% similar to A. rolfsii strain QJ7 (593/596 bp; MZ750983) and A. rolfsii strain Kale078 (565/568 bp; MN872304), respectively. Also, TEF-1α sequences of ID1 (OR713735) and ID4 (OR713736) were ＞99% similar to the sequences of A. rolfsii strain HS-Sr (1073/1073 bp; OL416131) and A. rolfsii strain MSB1-2 (1070/1075 bp; MN702790), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS and TEF1-α sequences indicated that ID1 and ID4 clustered into the A. rolfsii clade.Based on morphology and sequence analyses, the isolates ID1 and ID4 were identified as A. rolfsii (anamorph Sclerotium rolfsii).Pathogenicity tests were conducted three times on healthy 30-day-old cowpea seedlings. Five plants were inoculated with 6-day-old mycelial discs (6 mm) of ID1 or ID4 at the base of the seedlings (n = 30) while four plants were inoculated with a sterile PDA disc as a control (n = 12). All seedlings were cultivated in a greenhouse with a temperature of 26°C to 28°C and relative humidity 60% to 80% with a 14/10 h light/dark photoperiod. Eight days later, all the fungal inoculated seedlings showed symptoms including brown necrosis and collapse of the stems, and eventual withering of the seedlings. Control plants remained asymptomatic. The causal pathogens were reisolated in PDA plates and identified by ITS sequence analysis, completing Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report ofA. rolfsiicausing southern blight oncowpea in China. Early accurate diagnosis will help farmers to adopt suitable practices to control disease outbreaks and reduce losses.
摘要：
Soil salinization is one of the most important abiotic stresses which can seriously affect the growth and development of rice, leading to the decrease in or even loss of a rice harvest. Increasing the rice yield of saline soil is a key issue for agricultural production. The utilization of heterosis could significantly increase crop biomass and yield, which might be an effective way to meet the demand for rice cultivation in saline soil. In this study, to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of rice hybrids and their parents that respond to salt stress, we investigated the phenotypic characteristics, physiological and biochemical indexes, and expression level of salt-related genes at the seedling stage. In this study, two sets of materials, encapsulating the most significant differences between the rice hybrids and their parents, were screened using the salt damage index and a hybrid superiority analysis. Compared with their parents, the rice hybrids Guang-Ba-You-Hua-Zhan (BB1) and Y-Liang-You-900 (GD1) exhibited much better salt tolerance, including an increased fresh weight and higher survival rate, a better scavenging ability towards reactive oxygen species (ROS), better ionic homeostasis with lower content of Na+ in their Na+/K+ ratio, and a higher expression of salt-stress-responsive genes. These results indicated that rice hybrids developed complex regulatory mechanisms involving multiple pathways and genes to adapt to salt stress and provided a physiological basis for the utilization of heterosis for improving the yield of rice under salt stress.
摘要：
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that causes serious damage to plant and human health. Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. has a large amount of aboveground biomass and a rapid growth rate, and it has been identified as a novel type of Cd hyperaccumulator that can be harnessed for phytoremediation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of P. acinosa to Cd2+ stress remain largely unclear. In this study, the phenotype, biochemical, and physiological traits of P. acinosa seeds and seedlings were analyzed under different concentrations of Cd2+ treatments. The results showed higher Cd2+ tolerance of P. acinosa compared to common plants. Meanwhile, the Cd2+ content in shoots reached 449 mg/kg under 10 mg/L Cd2+ treatment, which was obviously higher than the threshold for Cd hyperaccumulators. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the adaptability of P. acinosa to Cd stress, RNA-Seq was used to examine transcriptional responses of P. acinosa to Cd stress. Transcriptome analysis found that 61 genes encoding TFs, 48 cell wall-related genes, 35 secondary metabolism-related genes, 133 membrane proteins and ion transporters, and 96 defense system-related genes were differentially expressed under Cd2+ stress, indicating that a series of genes were involved in Cd2+ stress, forming a complex signaling regulatory mechanism. These results provide new scientific evidence for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of P. acinosa response to Cd2+ stress and new clues for the molecular breeding of heavy metal phytoremediation.
摘要：
P2-type layered oxide, Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2, has drawn particular interest as a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its fast sodium-ion transport channels with low migration potential. However, some catastrophic flaws, such as air instability, complicated multiphase evolution, and irreversible anionic redox, limit its electrochemical performance and hinder its application. Here, an air-stable single-crystal P2-type Na2/3Ni1/3Mn1/3Ti1/3O2 is proposed based on the multifunctional structural modulation of Ti substitution that could alleviate the issues for practical SIBs. As a result, the cathode with high energy density shows excellent air stability and highly reversible phase transitions (P2-OP4), and delivers faster kinetics and stable anion redox chemistry. Meanwhile, a thorough investigation of the relationship between structure, function, and properties is demonstrated, emphasizing formation processes, electrochemical behavior, structural evolution, and air stability. Overall, this study provides the direction of multifunctional structural modulation for the development of high-performance sodium-based layered cathode materials for practical applications.
摘要：
This study was conducted to explore the regulatory mechanism of leucine (Leu) on lipid metabolism of finishing pigs. Twenty-four Duroc x Landrace x Large cross pigs with an average body weight of 68.33 +/- 0.97 kg were randomly allocated into 3 treatment groups with 8 replicates per group (1 pig per replicate). The dietary treatments were as follows: control group (CON), 0.25% Leu group and 0.50% Leu group. The experimental period was 42 d. The results showed as follows. (1) Compared with the CON, 0.25% and 0.50% Leu increased (P < 0.01) the average daily gain (ADG), while the average backfat thickness (ABT) and the ratio of feed intake to body weight gain (F:G ratio) were decreased (P < 0.05). (2) In the 0.25% Leu group, the relative mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein1c (SREBP1c), recombinant fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1), chemerin and peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor g (PPARg) were decreased but the level of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) were increased in backfat tissue. In the 0.25% Leu group, the protein levels of p-Rictor, p -Raptor, p-eIF4E-binding protein 1 (p-4EBP1), p -silent mating type information regulator 2 homolog 1 (p-SIRT1) and acetylation ribosome s6 protein kinase 1 (Ac-S6K1) were increased (P < 0.05). (3) Compared to the CON, the diversity of gut microbiota in the 0.25% Leu group was increased. Principal component analysis showed that the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus and Desulfovibrio was higher in the 0.25% Leu group than the CON, but the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Treponema and Shigella was lower than in the CON (P < 0.05). (4) Four different metabolites were screened out from the serum of finishing pigs including allolithocholic acid (alloLCA), isolithocholic acid (isoLCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), which correlate to various degrees with the above microorganisms. In conclusion, Leu could promote adipose tissue lipolysis of finishing pigs through the mTOR-SIRT1 signaling pathway, and S6K1 is acetylated at the same time, and the interaction between gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism is also involved. (c) 2024 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.
摘要：
To investigate the regulatory effects of Chito-oligosaccharide (COS) on the anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and MAPK signaling pathways. A total of 40 28-day-old weaned piglets were randomly allotted to 4 equal groups [including the control group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, COS group, and COS*LPS group]. On the morning of d 14 and 21, piglets were injected with saline or LPS. At 2h post-injection, whole blood samples were collected on d 14 and 21, and small intestine and liver samples were collected and analyzed on d 21. The results showed that COS inhibited the LPS-induced increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and hepatic TNF-α cytokines. COS significantly increased the serum total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) value on d 14, and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities in both serum and liver on d 21. Furthermore, it increased hepatic catalase (CAT) activity. COS also increased the LPS-induced decrease in serum IgG concentrations. Immunohistochemical analysis results showed that COS significantly increased the jejunal and ileal Caspase 3, and ileal CD(4+) values challenged by LPS. Dietary COS decreased the LPS-induced jejunal and ileal BAX and CCL2 mRNA levels, markedly decreased ileal COX2 and SOD1 mRNA levels, while increasing ileal iNOS. Furthermore, COS significantly increased the LPS-induced jejunal and ileal p-P38 and MyD88, as well as jejunal P38, while it effectively suppressed jejunal JNK1, and jejunal and ileal JNK2, p-JNK1, and p-JNK2 protein expressions. These results demonstrated that COS could be beneficial by attenuating LPS-challenged intestinal inflammation via regulating mitochondrial apoptotic and MAPK signaling pathways.
通讯机构：
[Yi, SH; Wang, YL ] H;[Yi, SH ] K;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Kagoshima Univ, United Grad Sch Agr Sci, Kagoshima 8900065, Japan.;Hunan Prov Key Lab Food Sci & Biotechnol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
areca nut polyphenol;RNA seq;LPS;RAW264.7
摘要：
In Asian regions, areca nuts are tropical fruits that are extensively consumed. The areca nut contains a lot of polyphenols and its safety is unknown. In this research, we investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and areca nut polyphenols (ANP) on normal RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that LPS stimulated adverse effects in normal cells by affecting cytokine production. The GO analysis results mainly affected DNA repair, cell division, and enzyme activities. In the KEGG analysis results, the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, which is related to NF-κB, MAPK, and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, is the most significant. In the protein-protein interaction network (PPI) results, significant sub-networks in all three groups were shown to be related to cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Collectively, our findings showed a comprehensive understanding of LPS-induced toxicity and the protective effects of ANP by RNA sequencing.
