摘要：
Although a growing body of evidence suggests that soy isoflavones help regulate lipid metabolism, the underlying mechanism has not yet been thoroughly clarified. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of soy isoflavones on the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in different adipose tissue depots, skeletal muscle and liver of male Huanjiang mini-pigs, as well as the expression of adipokines and myokines. A total of 36 male Huanjiang mini-pigs were fed basal diet (control, Con), low-dose soy isoflavones (LSI) and high-dose soy isoflavones (HSI). The results showed that LSI and HSI regulated the expression of genes involved in the anabolism and catabolism of fatty acids in dorsal subcutaneous (DSA), abdominal subcutaneous (ASA) and perirenal (PRA) adipose tissue depots, as well as longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) and liver. LSI and HSI also regulated the expression of adipokines in DSA. ASA and PRA, and the expression of myokines in LDM in male Huanjiang mini-pigs. In addition, soy isoflavones regulated plasma glucose, leptin and adiponectin contents after treatment for two months. Our results indicate that soy isoflavones, by regulating the expression of adipokines and myokines, may regulate the metabolism of lipids and could have potential therapeutic applications in lipid abnormalities. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
The barbel chub (Squaliobarbus curriculus), a kind of small commercial fish, is widespread in China. In this study, we sequenced the mitochondrial genome of the barbel chub from the Xiangjiang River. The total length of the mitochondrial genome is 16,619 bp, with the base composition of 31.19% A, 25.01% T, 27.68% C, and 16.12% G. The organization and arrangement of these genes are the same as that found in the teleosts, including 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a major noncoding control region (D-loop region). Compared with the S. curriculus collected from Jiangsu province, there were 29 mutation sites in the mitogenome sequence of Xiangjiang S. curriculus. All the mutation sites were transitions and mainly occurred in protein-coding genes (21/29), two mutation sites occurred in transfer RNA, two occurred in ribosomal RNA, and four occurred in D-loop region. Among the 21 mutation sites in protein-coding genes, 6 mutation sites resulted in amino acid mutation in ND2, ATPase6, COX3, ND4, and Cytb genes, while the others were synonymous substitutions. These results indicated that there was genetic variation in different geographical populations of S. curriculus.
摘要：
Probiotics act positively on rumen feed digestion and ruminant production as feed additive, these additives are diverse and exerting their action through different mechanisms. This review gives an overview of the probiotics feed additive and summarizes the current status of lactic acid bacteria, yeast and Bacillus which are the most common used feed additive to improve milk performance and health in dairy cattle. This yields a comprehensive idea of the reviewed studies on lactic acid bacteria, yeast and Bacillus to enhance further research in dairy cow industry.
摘要：
The antimicrobial peptide buforin II contains residues Thr16 to Lys36 of buforin I and exhibits antimicrobial activity that is twice as potent as that of its parent peptide. Buforin II was expressed in Pichia pastoris FZM(2009) as a fusion peptide linked to porcine interferon-a and tested as an alternative to antimicrobial growth-promoters in pig production. Fifteen Landrace x Yorkshire barrows (5.55 +/- 0.49 kg), weaned at 21 days of age, were challenged with three enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 barrows in each, fed a maize-soybean meal diet, and orally dosed with 5 mL sterile water (CON), 5 mL buforin II (BF; 0.05 mg/mL in sterile water), or 5 mL colistin sulphate (CS; 0.5 mg/mL in sterile water) twice daily for 21 days. Compared with CS and CON, oral administration of BF increased (P<0.05) daily weight gain, feed intake gain, and feed conversion. The expression of tight junction proteins and protective factors in the small intestine also increased in BF-treated piglets. Compared with the CON group, oral administration of BF and CS decreased (P<0.05) for the abundance of hemolytic E. coli in rectal swabs. Collectively, our results indicate that oral administration of buforin II protects small intestinal mucosal membrane integrity by increasing the abundance of tight junction proteins and enhancing the expression of protective factors, and can reduce hemolytic E. coli concentrations in the intestines of piglets. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Malignant tumor which can proliferate abnormally and transfer rapidly to other tissues, holds high mortality rate and is difficult to cure. Herewith it is responsible for great loss in economy. L-theanine, the specific amino acid in tea, performed a significant anti-tumor potential, it works via various methods, such as exert antitumor effect by itself; increase antitumor drugs concentration in tumor cells, inhibit tumor cell invasion and so on. Here, the authors elucidate and discuss these mechanisms comprehensively.
摘要：
High-titer serologically detected male (SDM) antibody fragments are essential for specific binding to the SDM antigen and promoting its application. The A8 clone previously obtained from an original phage antibody library was further affinity-matured by light- and high-chain shuffling respectively, to generate the end product B9 clone. The binding capacity of B9 phage Fabs to male splenocytes doubled the value of its parental A8 clone (determined using ELISA). Based on immunofluorescent staining, B9-Fabs mainly bound to the surface antigen of male splenocytes and recognized testicular cells. The resulting B9-Fabs detected a single protein (approximately 40 kDa determined using Western blot analysis of male splenocytes and testis); its high SDM antigen binding ability might have been because of mutation sites and varied lengths of the amino acid sequences in the complementarity determining regions-3 of the kappa and Fd chains. The new recombinant clones of Fab that were phage-enhanced using chain shuffling were candidate molecules for investigating molecular mechanisms of SDM antigens specific binding and applications. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Once the cells are challenged by intra-and extracellular environmental stimuli such as nitric oxide, calcium and pathogenic organisms, the oxidative balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) (such as O-2(center dot-), H2O2, OH center dot) production and antioxidant defense systems (such as glutathione reductase and catalase) is broken, resulting in accumulation of ROS within cells. ROS is linked with various cellular signaling pathways, including the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Keap1(Nrf2/Keap1), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), protein kinase C (PKC), signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma), which engaged in regulating pro-oxidant genes and antioxidant genes expression, and mediate cells oxidative injury and antioxidant defense system. This article therefore mainly focuses on: 1) the production of ROS; 2) Nrf2/Keap1, MAPKs, NF-kappa B, PKC, STAT3, and PPAR gamma activation mechanism by ROS.
摘要：
GABAAα1 and GABAB1 receptor subunits are responsible for most behavioral, physiological and pharmacological effects of GABA receptors. We investigated the expression of GABAAα1 and GABAB1 receptor subunits in different tissues of gilts during late pregnancy in hot summer. The mRNA abundance of GABAAα1 receptor subunit in different tissues of gilts at d 90 and d 110 of gestation was as follows: d 90: brain > lung > liver > ovary > spleen > kidney > heart; d 110: brain > lung > spleen > liver > ovary > kidney > heart. And, the mRNA abundance of GABAB1 receptor subunit was as follows: d 90: spleen > lung > brain > kidney > ovary > liver > heart; d 110: spleen > lung > kidney > brain > ovary > liver > heart. The results in this trial indicated that the GABAAα1 receptor subunit was abundantly expressed in brain, while GABAB1 receptor subunit was abundant in spleen and lung of gilts during late gestation. There were no gestation stage-dependent effects on GABAAα1 and GABAB1 receptor subunits expression in all tissues.
关键词：
Hybrid of Squaliobarbus curriculus (female) x Ctenopharyngodon idella (male);mitochondrial;genome
摘要：
In this work, we reported the complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the hybrid of Squaliobarbus curriculus (female symbol) x Ctenopharyngodon idella (male symbol), which was obtained by artificial hybridization. The total length of the mitochondrial genome is 16,616 bp, with the base composition of 31.15% A, 25.02% T, 27.66% C, and 16.17% G. It contains 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a major non-coding control region (D-loop region). The arrangement of these genes is the same as that found in the teleosts. All the protein initiation codons are ATG, except for COX1 that begins with GTG. The complete mitogenome of the hybrid of S. curriculus (female symbol) x C. idella (male symbol) provides an important data set for the study in genetic mechanism.
摘要：
We used otoliths, scales, pectoral fins, dorsal fins, basioccipital bones, opercular bones, interopercular bones, vertebrae, teeth, and cleithra sampled from 221 known-age Northern Snakeheads Channa argus argus representing five age-groups to determine and compare age estimation methods for this species. Results showed that accuracy of age estimation methods varied among structures: 85.68% of otoliths, 68.91% of scales, 49.25% of pectoral fin rays, and 27.67% of opercular bones yielded age estimates that were consistent with the actual fish ages. Ages determined from other structures, such as interopercular bones, dorsal fins, basioccipital bones, and vertebrae, had lower rates of agreement (<20%) with actual ages. The current results suggest that age estimation with otoliths, especially sagittal otoliths, is the most accurate method for use with Northern Snakeheads. Furthermore, analysis of scales can be used as a supplementary approach, especially for younger (age < 3) Northern Snakeheads. Received March 14, 2013; accepted June 27, 2013
关键词：
Native chicken;genetic variation;microsatellite DNA
摘要：
The genetic diversity of four protected indigenous chicken breeds was evaluated with 25 microsatellite markers. Polymorphism information content (PIC), heterozygosity with the estimator of genetic differentiation FST and Nei’s genetic distance were evaluated. The results showed that these four protected local chicken populations showed high levels of diversity. The proportion of inter-population subdivision among the four protected local chicken populations was 16.0%. The average heterozygosity was 0.514, 0.581, 0.567 and 0.589 in Dongan, Xuefeng black-bone, Xianghuang and Taoyuan chickens, respectively, while the average PIC estimates were 0.455, 0.581, 0.557 and 0.576. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using genetic distance and the neighbour-joining method. Its topology reflects the general pattern of genetic differentiation among the four chicken breeds. The results also showed high genetic diversity and genetic variation among all the breeds. The information about the four local breeds estimated by microsatellite analysis may be useful as an initial guide for the effective conservation of chicken genetic diversity and developing conservation strategies.Keywords: Native chicken; genetic variation; microsatellite DNA
摘要：
A sodium-dependent phosphate transporter gene, NaPi-IIb, was isolated from swine small intestine using cDNA library screening method. Sequencing analysis revealed that the NaPi-IIb cDNA sequences was 2,016 bp in length and encoded an open-reading frame consisting of 671 amino acids. The cDNA showed 83.1 % sequences identity to the human NaPi-IIb and 78.7 % sequences identity to the chicken NaPi-IIb. Prediction of membrane spanning domains based on the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the amino acids suggested that a putative protein had nine transmembrane domains, with both the NH(2) and COOH terminal being intracellular. By northern blot, a ~4.2 kb transcript was found to be abundantly expressed in mall intestine, lung, ovary, mammary glands, liver, kidney, salivary glands, placenta and thymus. Microinjection of swine NaPi-IIb cRNA into Xenopus oocytes demonstrated that the NaPi-IIb showed sodium-dependent Pi cotransport activity, and an approximate 31-fold increase of Pi uptake was seen in cRNA injected oocytes. The swine NaPi-IIb transporter expressed in Xenopus oocytes had a Km for Pi of ~79.35 ± 7.2 μM. Furthermore, the pH dependency characterization of swine NaPi-IIb transporter showed activation at extracellular alkaline-pH.
