摘要：
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the dietary L-arginine supplementation has beneficial effects on edema disease. Experimental animals were 156 KunMing mice, randomly assigned to arginine group 1(0.6% arginine + basal diet, n = 44), arginine group 2(0.6% arginine + basal diet, n = 44), control group 1 (1.22% alanine + basal diet, n = 34) and control group 2 (1.22% alanine + basal diet, n = 34). After 3 days of adaptive feeding and a 7 days treatment period with the prepared feed, all mice were challenged by intraperitoncal injection of Escherichia coli 0139 (E.coli) at LD50 (2.53 x 10(8) CFU/ml). Arginine group 2 and control group 2 were used to calculate the mortality after twenty hours of injection. Serum concentrations of platelet-activating factor (PAF), interleukin (IL)-2, interleukin (IL)-10, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), cyclic 3',5'-adenosinemonophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were measured in arginine group1 and control group1 in a ten-hour interval for three times. The serum concentration of PAF was much lower (P<0.01) in arginine group than in alanine group in all the time. Additionally, T-AOC and SOD activity in the experiment group increased significantly (P<0.05) in the first ten hours after initial injection. Unfortunately, T-AOC and SOD activity in arginine group became quiet (P>0.05) compared to the control group after that, except T-AOC was greater (P<0.05) in arginine group than in the control group in twenty hours of initial injection. Meanwhile, arginine supplementation had little effect on the mortality of mice, serum IL-2, sIgA, cAMP and cGMP level. In conclusion, dietary arginine supplementation can partially attenuate the damage caused by edema disease, but have little effect on the clinical results.
摘要：
This study was conducted to test the hypotheses that dietary arginine and glutamine supplementation may confer beneficial effect on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-infected pigs. The measured variables included: 1) average daily weight gain (ADG), feed conversion rate (FCR); 2) PCV2 virus load in the submaxillary lymph node, spleen, liver, kidney and heart at 20 days post infection (DPI); 3) microscopic lesions in the spleen at 20 DPI; 4) serum cytokine levels, serum antioxidant capacity (T-AOC, T-SOD and GSH-PX), serum PCV2 virus load, serum nitric oxide (NO) and serum PCV2 antibody titers at 5, 10, 15 and 20 DPI. Dietary arginine and glutamine supplementation conferred positive effect on the production of PCV2 infected pigs. Meanwhile, arginine and glutamine supplementation increased the antioxidant capacity and immune response, and decreased the PCV2 virus load in tissue. Moreover, these beneficial effects may be mainly performed through NO. It was concluded that dictary, arginine and glutamine supplementation confers positive effect on the PCV2 infected pigs.
摘要：
Glutamate is extensively metabolized in small intestine epithelial cells during its transcellular transfer from the lumen to bloodstream and after its uptake from the bloodstream. In order to study the effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) supplementation given either by the parenteral route or by the enteral route on the circulating amino acid concentrations in growing-finishing pigs, animals received MSG at a dose equal to 0.25 g/kg body weight by intraperitoneal injection or by injection into the stomach. Up to 255 min, arterial and portal venous blood was collected and amino acid concentrations were measured. The results show that the glutamate concentrations in venous and arterial plasma increase rapidly after injection of MSG in stomach. However, glutamate concentration in both venous and arterial plasma was much higher after peritoneal than stomach injection. Aspartate and alanine concentrations in both venous and arterial plasma were higher after stomach than peritoneal injection. The results obtained are compatible with the view that i) a large part of glutamate in MSG is metabolized by the intestine in pigs; ii) at the dose used. MSG is, however, not entirely metabolized by the intestine and iii) glutamate metabolism in pig intestine leads to aspartate and alanine production.
期刊：
The Journal of Nutrition,2012年142(6):990-998 ISSN：0022-3166
通讯作者：
Feng, Cuiping
作者机构：
[Li, Zhen; Wang, Junjun; Lin, Gang; Dai, Zhaolai; Lai, Changhua; Wu, Guoyao; Liu, Chuang] China Agr Univ, State Key Lab Anim Nutr, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.;[Feng, Cuiping] China Japan Friendship Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Li, Zhen] China Agr Univ, State Key Lab Plant Physiol & Biochem, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.;[Fan, Zhiyong] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Guoyao] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
通讯机构：
[Feng, Cuiping] C;China Japan Friendship Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) remains a major problem for both human health and animal production due to its association with high rates of neonatal morbidity and mortality, low efficiency of food utilization, permanent adverse effects on postnatal growth and development, and long-term health and productivity of the offspring. However, the underlying mechanisms for IUGR are largely unknown. In this study, one IUGR fetus and one normal body weight (NBW) fetus were obtained from each of 9 gilts at each of 2 gestational ages (d 90 and 110). Metabolomes of umbilical vein plasma in IUGR and NBW fetuses were determined by MS, while hormones, amino acids, and related metabolites in maternal and fetal plasma were measured using assay kits and chromatographic methods. Metabolites (including glucose, urea, ammonia, amino acids, and lipids) in umbilical vein plasma exhibited a cluster of differences between IUGR and NBW fetuses on d 90 and 110 of gestation. These changes in the IUGR group are associated with disorders of nutrient and energy metabolism as well as endocrine imbalances, which may contribute to the retardation of fetal growth and development. The findings help provide information regarding potential mechanisms responsible for IUGR in swine and also have important implications for the design of effective strategies to prevent, diagnose, and treat IUGR in other mammalian species, including humans.
摘要：
This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the dietary glutamine supplementation had various effects on oedema disease induced by Escherichia coli (E. coli). Total of 162 KunMing mice were randomly assigned to glutamine group 1 (1.0% glutamine+basal diet, n = 45), glutamine group 2 (1.0% glutamine+basal diet, n = 45), control group 1 (1.22 % alanine+basal diet, n = 36) and control group 2 (1.22% alanine+basal diet, n = 36). After 3 days of adaptive feeding and a 7-days treatment period with the experiment feed, all mice were challenged by intraperitioneal injection of E. coli O-19 at LD50 (2.53 x 10(8) CFU/ml). The mortality, after twenty hours of injection was calculated from glutamine group 2 and control group 2. Serum concentrations of platelet-activating factor (PAF), interleukin (IL)-2, interleukin (IL)-10, secretory, immunoglobulin A (sIgA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were measured in glutamine group 1 and control group 1 in a ten-hours interval for three times. Serum concentrations of PAF in 1.0% glutamine group were significantly lower (P<0.01) than that in 1.22% alanine group at ten and thirty hours after initial injection and lower (P<0.05) than the control group twenty hours after first injection. Additionally, the supplementation of glutamine increased the SOD activity significantly (P<0.05) in the first twenty hours after initial injection. However, the SOD activity in the glutamine group was lower (P<0.05) than in the control group later. Furthermore serum concentration of cAMP had no difference at the first ten hours alter injection, whereas the cAMP concentrations in the glutamine group was significantly lower P<0.01) at twenty hours after initial injection and lower (P<0.05) than in the control group thirty hours after first injection. Meanwhile, glutamine supplementation had little effect on the mortality of mice, serum IL-2, sIgA and cGMP. In conclusion, dietary glutamine supplementation could partially attenuate the damage caused by oedema disease, but had little effect on the clinical result.
摘要：
Phosphorylation of target proteins by protein kinases leads to the activation of cellular signaling pathways, which induce a great number of biological processes including cell growth, differentiation, development, and death. Although the activities of protein kinases are stringently regulated in homeostasis system, protein kinases can be deregulated under pathological conditions, leading to perturbation of protein kinase-mediated cell signaling pathways and resulting in various disorders including cancer, diabetes, and inflammation. The data from the Human Genome Project has revealed that 518 protein kinases are encoded in the human genome, thereby creating an enormous repertoire of potential targets for chemoprevention. Polyphenols, as integral constituents of the diet, have been proposed to exert beneficial effects in a multitude of disease states. Recent studies have suggested that the cellular effects of polyphenols are, at least partly, mediated by their interactions with protein kinases central to intracellular signaling cascades. In the present study, we investigated the interaction of polyphenols-protein kinases by pull down assay, affinity assay and computer simulation. The results revealed that some polyphenols compounds suppressed the phosphorylation of various protein kinases with different affinity and selectivity. Finally, we discussed the impact of these polyphenols-protein kinases interactions on cellular signaling and chemoprevention.
作者：
Wang, A. P.;Zhang, J. M.*;Meng, Y. L.;Deng, L. Q.;Lv, Y. F.;...
期刊：
Journal of Dairy Science,2012年95(9):5127-5132 ISSN：0022-0302
通讯作者：
Zhang, J. M.
作者机构：
[Li, C.; Wang, J. Q.; Lv, Y. F.; Meng, Y. L.; Deng, L. Q.; Zhang, J. M.; Wang, A. P.] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Anim Nutr, Inst Anim Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Wang, A. P.] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Lv, Y. F.] S China Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, J. M.] C;Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Anim Nutr, Inst Anim Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Free gossypol residues in tissues or milk from feeding whole cottonseed and cottonseed meal were measured for their effect on health of dairy cows and humans. Forty lactating cows were randomly assigned to 5 treatments in a 60-d experiment to investigate the effects of sources and dietary level of gossypol on plasma and milk gossypol concentrations in lactating cows. Five experimental diets had identical net energy for lactation and crude protein content on a dry matter (DM) basis. Soybean meal was the main protein ingredient used in the control diet. Cottonseed meal (CSM) or whole cottonseed (WCS) substituted for part of the soybean meal in the other 4 diets. Gossypol levels in the 5 diets were 0 (control), 91.15 mg/kg of DM in CSM1, 117.31 mg/kg of DM in CSM2, 385.43 mg/kg of DM in WCS1, and 611.13 mg/kg in WCS2. Yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk were significantly higher for cows in the WCS2 group; cows in the CSM1 and WCS1 groups showed no differences but both were numerically higher than the control and CSM2 groups. Milk protein concentration was lower for cows consuming WCS1 compared with the control group. Lactose concentration was lower for cows in the CSM2 group compared with the WCS2 group, but no differences were observed among other diets. Aspartate aminotransferase in serum was significantly higher for the WCS2 group compared with the control and WCS1 groups, but no difference was observed with the CSM1 and CSM2 groups. Concentrations of gossypol in plasma and milk of cows in the WCS1 and WCS2 groups were both higher than those of the other groups. No adverse effects were observed on cows fed diets containing 12.0% CSM, and no gossypol was found in plasma and milk. When WCS comprised 15% of the diet DM, yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk were increased in cows and gossypol was detected in plasma and milk but not at harmful levels.
摘要：
Weaning body leads to intestinal immunological stress and decreases nutrient digestion, absorption and metabolism(1-5). We tried to modulate immunological stress with oligosaccharide and elucidate the signal pathway. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of SBOS on plasma concentration of immunoglobulin and interleukin and TLR2-NF-kappa B signal pathway in weanling mini-piglets. Twelve piglets weaned at 21 day of age were randomly assigned into 0 or 0.5 g/kg of SBOS-supplemented group (6 piglets per group), respectively. At the end of a 14-day feeding period, concentrations of IgG, IgM and IL-2 in plasma and mRNA expression levels of TLR2, MyD88 and NF-kappa B p65 were measured. Results showed that the SBOS supplementation increased concentrations of immunoglobulins IgG (P<0.05) and IgM (P>0.05) in plasma, as well as cytokines (IL-2) (P<0.05), when compared with the control group; the expression level of TLR2 and MyD88 in the spleen, and of NF-kappa B p65 and MyD88 in the colon of the piglets fed SBOS-supplemented diet were lower (P<0.05), while NF-kappa Bp65 in the spleen and TLR2 in the colon had no significant difference in comparison with the control group. We conclude that SBOS influences intestinal and spleen immunity by TLR2-NF-kappa B signal pathway in weanling pigs.
摘要：
The present study evaluated the effect of dietary phytase supplementation on the performance, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids (AA) and P of growing piglets. A total of 32 growing piglets with a mean body weight (18.36 +/- 1.39 kg) were divided into 4 groups randomly: positive control group (A) is basal diet without phytase: negative control group (B) is similar to A except that available P was reduced by 0.18%, and two experiment groups C and D with 500 and 1000 U/kg phytase (5000 U/g), respectively, in B group diet. All piglets were fed for 30 days and then killed for sample collection. Consequently, no significant difference was observed on average daily gain (ADG) and ratio of feed to gain (FIG) in all groups, but ADG was 3.5% higher in D group compared with positive control group. Supplementing of phytase increased the AID of methionine, threonine, isoleucine, histidine and lysine (P<0.05). For D group, the AID of P was increased 24% (P<0.001) and the amount of P excreted was decreased by 17.9% (P<0.05) compared with A group. Dietary supplementation of phytase improved P digestion and utilization in growing piglets under the condition of the present study.
作者机构：
[Song, Hui-Qun; Xu, Min-Jun; Wang, Shu-Yan; Zhao, Guang-Hui; Liu, Guo-Hua; Zhu, Xing-Quan; Zhou, Dong-Hui] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, Key Lab Vet Parasitol Gansu Prov, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Guo-Hua; Zhu, Xing-Quan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Shu-Yan; Huang, Wei-Yi] Guangxi Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Nanning 530004, Guangxi Zhuang, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Guang-Hui] NW A&F Univ, Coll Vet Med, Yangling, Shaanxi Provinc, Peoples R China.;[Wei, Shu-Jun] Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Plant & Environm Protect, Beijing, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhu, Xing-Quan] C;Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, Key Lab Vet Parasitol Gansu Prov, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Transfer RNA;Invertebrate genomics;Genomics;Phylogenetic analysis;Gastropods;Mammalian genomics;Mitochondrial DNA;Mitochondria
摘要：
Complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes and the gene rearrangements are increasingly used as molecular markers for investigating phylogenetic relationships. Contributing to the complete mt genomes of Gastropoda, especially Pulmonata, we determined the mt genome of the freshwater snail Galba pervia, which is an important intermediate host for Fasciola spp. in China. The complete mt genome of G. pervia is 13,768 bp in length. Its genome is circular, and consists of 37 genes, including 13 genes for proteins, 2 genes for rRNA, 22 genes for tRNA. The mt gene order of G. pervia showed novel arrangement (tRNA-His, tRNA-Gly and tRNA-Tyr change positions and directions) when compared with mt genomes of Pulmonata species sequenced to date, indicating divergence among different species within the Pulmonata. A total of 3655 amino acids were deduced to encode 13 protein genes. The most frequently used amino acid is Leu (15.05%), followed by Phe (11.24%), Ser (10.76%) and IIe (8.346%). Phylogenetic analyses using the concatenated amino acid sequences of the 13 protein-coding genes, with three different computational algorithms (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis), all revealed that the families Lymnaeidae and Planorbidae are closely related two snail families, consistent with previous classifications based on morphological and molecular studies. The complete mt genome sequence of G. pervia showed a novel gene arrangement and it represents the first sequenced high quality mt genome of the family Lymnaeidae. These novel mtDNA data provide additional genetic markers for studying the epidemiology, population genetics and phylogeographics of freshwater snails, as well as for understanding interplay between the intermediate snail hosts and the intra-mollusca stages of Fasciola spp..
摘要：
NSP is the major factor introducing a low digestibility of cottonseed meal in piglets. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of NSP enzyme on the nutrient digestibility of weaned piglets fed a cottonseed meal-based diets. About 15 weaned piglets (14 +/- 1.4 kg) were selected and ileal fistula surgery was done to determine the DE, CP, DM and NSP's apparent digestibility. The results indicated that NSP enzyme improved piglet's apparent digestibility (p<0.05) in varying degrees; pectinase resulted in obvious degradation of the cell wall and increased piglets' DE (26.69%) and CP of ileal digests (20.33%) and compound enzyme was better in improving cottonseed meal based diets than single enzyme.
摘要：
Intestinal phosphate (Pi) absorption across the apical membrane of small intestinal epithelial cells is mainly mediated by the type IIb Na-coupled phosphate co-transporter (NaPi-IIb), but its expression and regulation in the chicken remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the mRNA and protein levels of NaPi-IIb in three regions of chicken small intestine, and related their expression levels to the rate of net phosphate absorption. Our results showed that maximal phosphate absorption occurs in the jejunum, however the highest expression levels of NaPi-IIb mRNA and protein occurs in the duodenum. In response to a low-Pi diet (TP 0.2%), there is an adaptive response restricted to the duodenum, with increased brush border membrane (BBM) Na-Pi transport activity and NaPi-IIb protein and mRNA abundance. However, when switched from a low- (TP 0.2%) to a normal diet (TP 0.6%) for 4 h, there is an increase in BBM NaPi-IIb protein abundance in the jejunum, but no changes in BBM NaPi-IIb mRNA. Therefore, our study indicates that Na-Pi transport activity and NaPi-IIb protein expression are differentially regulated in the duodenum vs the jejunum in the chicken.
摘要：
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary oils on the differentiation of intestinal lymphocytes and cytokines generation in chickens. One hundred and eighty chickens were assigned to three groups in one factorial design. Factor was dietary fat types (4.5% poultry oil, 4.5% corn oil or 4.5% fish oil). The proportion of CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes of intestinal mucosal lymphocytes (IMLs) in chickens fed fish-oil diets on 21 d and 42 d of age was significantly higher than those in chickens fed corn-oil and poultry-oil diets (P <0.01). And the proportion of intestinal CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes of chickens fed fish-oil diets was significantly lower than those of chickens fed corn-oil and poultry-oil diets (P <0.01) on 21 d and 42 d of age. Fish-oil consumption enhanced IL-2 secretion of IMLs stimulated with concanavalin A (ConA) (P <0.01), compared with poultry oil; but corn-oil consumption decreased IL-2 secretion than poultry-oil diets (P <0.01). Fish oil decreased the mRNA abundance of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cGRP) in intestinal mucosa of chickens on 21 d and 42 d of age compared to poultry oil (P <0.01). Corn oil increased the mRNA abundance of cGRP compared to poultry oil (P <0.01). Compared with group fed corn-oil or poultry-oil diets, IMLs had lower concentration of cAMP and lower bioactivity of adenylyl cyclase (AC) of chickens supplemented with fish oil on 21 d and 42 d of age. Meanwhile, corn oil increased cAMP level and AC bioactivity. Taken together, these data show a modulatory role for cGRP in the interaction between different type of oils and T-cell differentiation and IL-2 bioactivity of IMLs in chickens, which suggests that AC and cAMP signalling involved the intestinal mucosal immune responses.
摘要：
Bacilli and Lactobacilli, especially high doses of them are often used as probiotics in piglets. The present study aimed to determine the effects of supplementing a piglet diet with high-dose Bacillus subtilis M-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri X-1. A total of 32 piglets with an initial body weight of 5.8 +/- 0.10 kg were weaned at 21 d of age and randomly allocated into one of four groups with eight replications of one pig: Group 1, assay diet supplemented with Bacillus subtilis M-1 (10(11) cfu kg(-1)); Group 2, assay diet supplemented with Lactobacillus reuteri X-1 (10(11) cfu kg(-1)); Group 3, assay diet supplemented with a combination of Bacillus subtilis M-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri X-1 (0.5x10(11) cfu kg(-1), respectively); control group, assay diet without bacterial supplement. Compared with the other groups, Group 2 showed an increase in feed intake (P > 0.05) and the highest ADG (P < 0.05), while Group I showed the best dry matter intake: gain ratio (P < 0.05). However, the three treatment groups (Group 1-3) all showed significant decreases in serum IgG and IgM concentrations (P < 0.05). Serum TNF-alpha, IL-6 and NO levels in Group 3 were decreased (P < 0.05) compared to those in the control group. Serum DAO and D-lactate concentrations were increased in all of the treatment groups (P < 0.05), compared to those in the control group. These findings show that the addition of high-dose Bacillus subtilis M-1 or Lactobacillus reuteri X-1 to the diet improved growth performance but impaired immunity in weaned piglets.
摘要：
The Rac proteins are members of the Rho family of small G proteins and are implicated in the regulation of several pathways, including those leading to cytoskeleton reorganization, gene expression, cell proliferation, cell adhesion and cell migration and survival. In this investigation, a Rac gene (named as LycRac gene) was obtained from the large yellow croaker and it was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Subsequently the specific antibody was raised using the purified fusion protein (GST-LycRac). Moreover, the GTP-binding assay showed that the LycRac protein had GTP-binding activity. The LycRac gene was ubiquitously transcribed and expressed in 9 tissues. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed the highest expression in gill and the weakest expression in spleen. Time-course analysis revealed that LycRac expression was obviously up-regulated in blood, spleen and liver after immunization with polyinosinic polycytidynic acid (poly I:C), formalin-inactive Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio parahemolyticus and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). These results suggested that LycRac protein might play an important role in the immune response against microorganisms in large yellow croaker.
