摘要：
The aim of this study was to investigate the N-linked glycosylated protein profile of mammary tissue from healthy cows and cows with mastitis due to Escherichia coli, in order to understand the molecular mechanisms of the host response to mastitis. N-glycopeptides were enriched with a lectin mixture and identified through high-accuracy mass spectrometry. A total of 551 N-glycosylation sites, corresponding to 294 proteins, were identified in the mammary tissues of healthy cows; these glycoproteins were categorised into three functional groups and clustered into 11 specific pathways. A total of 511 N-glycosylation sites, corresponding to 283 glycosylated proteins, were detected in the mammary tissues of cows with E. coli mastitis. There were differences in N-glycosylation sites in 98 proteins in the mammary tissues of healthy cows and cows with mastitis due to E. coli. Most proteins with altered glycosylation were those involved in responses to stress, cell adhesion and the immune response, and were assigned to five specific pathways based on their gene ontology annotation. The results from this study show that the glycosylated protein profile in the mammary tissues of healthy and mastitic cows are different, and altered glycoproteins are associated with several pathways, including the lysosome and O-glycan biosynthesis pathways. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
摘要：
Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is an important maricultured species in China. A genetic linkage map of the large yellow croaker was constructed using type II microsatellites and expressed sequence tag (EST)-derived microsatellites in two half-sib families (two females and one male). A total of 289 microsatellite markers (contained 93 EST-SSRs) were integrated into 24 linkage groups, which agreed with the haploid chromosome number. The map spanned a length of 1,430.8 cm with an average interval of 5.4 cm, covering 83.9 % of the estimated genome size (1,704.8 cm). A total of seven quantitative trait locis (QTLs) were detected for growth traits on five linkage groups, including two 1 % and five 5 % chromosome-wide significant QTLs, and explained from 2.33 to 5.31 % of the trait variation. The identified QTLs can be applied in marker-assisted selection programs to improve the growth traits.
作者：
Luo, J. -J.;Song, H. -W.;Zhang, B.*;Li, L. -L.;Chen, Y. -G.;...
期刊：
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION,2014年98(3):517-521 ISSN：0931-2439
通讯作者：
Zhang, B.
作者机构：
[Chen, Y. -G.; Fan, J. -X.; Luo, J. -J.; Zhang, B.; Wu, L. -Z.; Zhan, J. -S.; Song, H. -W.] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, L. -L.; Fan, J. -X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Lab Anim Nutr & Human Hlth, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, L. -L.; Fan, J. -X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Peng, Y.] Hunan Radio & TV Univ, Fac Agr & Med, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, B.] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, 313 Second Teaching Bldg, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
作者机构：
[Hou, De-Xing; Trio, Phoebe Zapanta] Kagoshima Univ, Fac Agr, United Grad Sch Agr Sci, Course Biol Sci & Technol, Kagoshima 8900065, Japan.;[He, Xi; You, Sixiang; Hou, De-Xing; He, Jianhua] Hunan Agr Univ, Engn Res Ctr Feed Safety & Efficient Utilizat, Educ Minist, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Sakao, Kozue; You, Sixiang; Hou, De-Xing] Kagoshima Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Biochem Sci & Technol, Kagoshima 8900065, Japan.;[Trio, Phoebe Zapanta] Kagoshima Univ, Fac Agr, United Grad Sch Agr Sci, Course Biol Sci & Technol, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 8900065, Japan.
通讯机构：
[Trio, Phoebe Zapanta] K;Kagoshima Univ, Fac Agr, United Grad Sch Agr Sci, Course Biol Sci & Technol, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 8900065, Japan.
摘要：
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has long been used both for culinary and medicinal purposes by many cultures. Population and preclinical investigations have suggested that dietary garlic intake has health benefits, such as lowering the risk of esophageal, stomach and prostate cancers. Extensive studies from laboratory and animal models have revealed that garlic has a wide range of biological activities, and garlic organosulfur compounds (OSCs) are responsible for the biological activities. However, the presence and potency of garlic OSCs vary with respect to the mode of garlic preparation and extraction. Cooked or processed garlic products showed different kinds of garlic OSCs, some of which are highly unstable and instantly decomposed. These facts, possibly gave paradoxical results on the garlic effects. In this review, we first summarized the biotransformation processes of garlic alliin into different garlic OSCs as well as the garlic OSCs compositions from different garlic preparations. Next, we reviewed the chemopreventive functions and molecular mechanisms focusing on the anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-diabetes and anticancer activity behind different garlic OSCs.
关键词：
Corbicula;Mitochondrial DNA COI;Phylogeny;Taxonomy
摘要：
Background: White and purple color morphs of Corbicula have been identified all over the world. Previous studies suggested that the distinct difference of inner shell color, especially for sympatric individuals, derived mainly from their different genetic constitutions, not just environmental conditions. Two color morphs of Corbicula sympatric in Datong Lake were compared by both morphometric methods (shell length, shell height, and shell width) and genetic analysis (based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene COI-mtCOI) to explore their taxonomic relationship. Results: Morphological analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the values of SH/SL, SW/SL, and SW/SH (P > 0.05) between the two color morphs. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in measurable parameters among the four mitochondrial COI haplotypes (DT-1, DT-7, DT-19, and DT-31) (P > 0.05). The sequences of four haplotypes (DT-1, DT-7, DT-19, and DT-31) were identical to FW1, FW5, FW4, and FW3, respectively. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis showed that only the sequences of haplotype DT-7 could be digested by the restriction enzyme SacI into two fragments with 200/500 bp. Haplotype DT-31 was found only in one individual (white morph), while each of the other three haplotypes shared with both two color morphs. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the four haplotypes were subdivided into two divergent clades among freshwater clades, and haplotype DT-7 was a divergent sister taxon to the other three. Conclusions: The results indicated that there were no distinct differences on morphological measures between the two color morphs, and each color morph shared with all four mitochondrial COI haplotypes. Two species (DT-7 referred as Corbicula fluminea and DT-1, DT-19, and DT-31 as Corbicula leana) might coexisted in the Datong Lake. Therefore, a comprehensive study combining nuclear and mitochondrial data along with biological information should be performed to confirm this assumption.
摘要：
The fast and slow skeletal muscle fibers in fish are separated to a much greater degree than in mammals. MyoD is required for the maintenance of normal fiber type balance in muscles. So far, the upstream regulatory factors of MyoD in terms of controlling muscle phenotype are poorly understood. In the present study, we used Siniperca chuatsi as a model system and demonstrated that miR-143 expression was negatively correlated with MyoD expression in the fast and slow muscles of S. chuatsi. The luciferase reporter assay further verified the direct interaction between the miR-143 and MyoD. The miR-143 suppression also led to the significant increase in MyoD and fast myosin heavy chain gene expression in vivo. Taken together, our studies indicated that miRNA participates in controlling the performance of different muscle fiber types in vertebrates.
摘要：
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during oxidative stress may cause cellular injury. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is one of the skeletal muscle secreted myokines, and there is no information that reported its anti-oxidative capability in skeletal muscle. The aim of this study therefore is to investigate the protective effects of myokine IL-15 against H2O2-mediated oxidative stress in C2C12 myoblasts. The results showed that IL-15 preincubation reduced the intracellular creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities, decreased the ROS overload, and protect the mitochondrial network via up-regulated mRNA expression levels of IL-15 and uncoupling protein 3. It also down-regulated the levels of IL-6 and p21 of the myoblasts compared to the cells treated only with H2O2. Meanwhile, apurinic/aprimidinic endonuclease 1 expression and the Akt signaling pathway were stimulated. These effects could contribute to the resumption of cell viability and act as protective mechanism. In conclusion, myokine IL-15 could be a novel endogenous regulator to control intracellular ROS production and attenuate oxidative stress in skeletal muscle cells.
摘要：
The aim of this study was to investigate whether supplementation with chitosan (COS) could reduce diarrhea and to explore how COS alleviates intestinal inflammation in weaned pigs. Thirty pigs (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire, initial BW of 5.65±0.27) weaned at age 21 d were challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli during a preliminary trial period, and then divided into three treatment groups. Pigs in individual pens were fed a corn-soybean meal diet, that contained either 0 (control), 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline, or 300 mg/kg COS for 21 days. The post-weaning diarrhea frequency, calprotectin levels and TLR4 protein expression were decreased (P<0.05) in both the COS and chlortetracycline groups compared with control. Simultaneously, supplemental COS and chlortetracycline had no effect on the mRNA expression of TNF-α in the jejunal mucosa, or on the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum. However, COS supplementation improved (P<0.05) the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in the jejunal mucosa. The results indicate that supplementation with COS at 300 mg/kg was effective for alleviating intestinal inflammation and enhancing the cell-mediated immune response. As feed additives, chitosan and chlortetracycline may influence different mechanisms for alleviating inflammation in piglets.
摘要：
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of orally administered Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) on the jejunal health of weaned piglets that were unchallenged or challenged with porcine enterotoxigenic E. coli Abbottstown (EcA). A total of 40 weaned Landrace x Yorkshire piglets (5.83 +/- 0.24 kg) were allocated to 4 groups with 10 barrows per group, following a 2 x 2 factorial design with 2 inclusion levels of EcN (daily oral administration of 2 mL sterile water or 2 mL EcN (10(9) cells/mL)) at 10:00 h) and 2 inclusion levels of EcA (daily oral administration of 2 mL sterile water or 2 mL EcA (10(9) cells/mL) at 14:00 h). Thus, there were four treatments: (1) control diet (C); (2) C + EcN (N); (3) C + EcA (A); (4) C + EcN + EcA (N+ A). This experiment lasted for 21 d. The results indicated a significant interaction between EcN and EcA on growth performance and jejuna( mucosa( membrane integrity, morphology, immune parameters and the antioxidant capacity in 21-day-weaned piglets (P<0.05). The results that piglets in the A group had lowest feed conversion, daily weight gain, daily feed intake, jejunal villus height (P<0.05) among the 4 groups suggested that the oral administration of EcA decreased growth performance. The results that piglets in the A group had lowest mRNA levels of regenerating islet derived protein 3 gamma and transforming growth factor beta 1 (P<0.05), lowest protein levels of claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (P<0.05) and highest serum D-lactate concentration (P<0.05) among the 4 groups suggested that the oral administration of EcA damaged jejunal mucosal membrane integrity. The immune and antioxdant parameters results that orally administered EcA increased mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 (P<0.05), increased the concentrations of IgM, IgG, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, sIgA (P<0.05), and TLR-4, and decreased activities of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant (P<0.05) suggested that EcA could make the jejunal mucosal membrane inflamed in early weaned piglets. Orally administered EcN tended to improved growth performance, jejunal villus height, the immune and antioxdant function, jejunal mucosal membrane integrity in piglet unchallenged or challenged with EcA. This improvement of the jejunal health and growth performance of piglets challenged with EcA by oral administration of EcN could be attributed to increased defense against harmful bacteria and improved epithelial barrier function. These results demonstrated that EcN could be used in early-weaned piglets to prevent intestinal infection by the pathogenic bacteria EcA. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.
摘要：
Saurogobio gracilicaudatus, originally described from the middle Yangtze River (Chang-Jiang in Chinese) basin at Yichang and Guanghua (now Laohekou), Hubei Province, South China, is here re-described, with particular concern for oromandibular structures in the mouth. It is uniquely distinguishable from all other species of Saurogobio in having a rostral cap with a slightly crenulated median portion, lips covered with brush-like, conical papillae, and a lower lip with a small, smooth and protruded central pad anteriorly free and posteriorly confluent with lateral lobes. The generic classification of this species is also discussed on the basis of oromandibular structures, which are of taxonomic importance in generic classification of gudgeons.
摘要：
Intestinal amino acid (AA) transport is critical for the supply of AA to other tissues. Few studies regarding AA intestinal transport systems during the period from postnatal intense development of piglets until weaning are available. In the present study, we measured the intestinal expression of b0,+AT according to developmental stage using the suckling Huanjiang piglet model, and documented the effect of intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) on such expression using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Suckling piglets that recovered after IUGR and those with normal body weights (NBW) were used after birth or at 7, 14 and 21 d of age. Blood samples were used for the measurement of plasma AA concentrations, and the jejunum was collected for the measurement of b0,+AT expression. In NBW piglets, b0,+AT expression was markedly decreased from days 0 to 21 (P< 0·01) and remained at a low level during all the suckling periods. In IUGR piglets, there was a marked decrease in b0,+AT expression at birth, which remained lower, when compared with NBW piglets, during the suckling period. These results coincided with decreased plasma arginine concentration at birth and decreased lysine concentration in 21-d-old piglets (P< 0·05). It is concluded that the high expression of b0,+AT at birth decreases during the suckling period, and that IUGR is associated with decreased expression of this apical AA transporter. The possible causal relationship between decreased b0,+AT expression and lower body weight of IUGR piglets in the suckling period is discussed.
