摘要：
The effect of dietary chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) supplementation on ileal digestibilities of nutrients and performance in broilers was assessed by feeding graded levels (0, 50, 100, 150 mg/kg) of COS. Two thousand four hundred male commercial Avian broilers (1-d-old) were assigned randomly to 5 dietary treatment groups (60 birds per pen with 8 pens per treatment). Diet A was a typical corn- and soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 6 mg/kg of an antibiotic flavomycin (positive control). Diet B was the basal diet without any supplement. Diets C, D, and E were formulated by adding 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg of COS to the basal diet, respectively. On the morning of d 21 and 42, 64 birds (8 per pen with 8 pens per treatment) from the growth trial for each age group were killed by cervical dislocation for determination of the ileal digestibilities of nutrients. Dietary supplementation with COS and antibiotic enhanced (P < 0.05) the ileal digestibilities of DM, Ca, P, CP, and all amino acids (except for alanine in the 21-d-old birds or phenylalanine, glutamate, and glycine for the 42-d-old birds). Feed efficiency was improved (P < 0.05) in response to dietary supplementation of an antibiotic or COS (150 mg/kg for d 1 to 21, and 100 and 150 mg/kg for d 21 to 42). The results demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge that dietary COS supplementation was effective in increasing the ileal digestibilities of nutrients and feed efficiency in broilers. Our findings may explain a beneficial effect of COS on chicken growth performance.
摘要：
S100A10 belongs to the S100 calcium binding protein superfamily, and functions as one of the mediators of calcium-dependent signaling pathway. Recently, S100A10 gene was proved to be significantly up-regulated at the implantation site. In the present study, semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization are used to investigate the tissue-specificity of S100A10 expression and the expression pattern of S100A10 in the uteri during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Meanwhile, the regulation of S100A10 expression by sex steroid hormones is studied in ovariectomized mice. The results show that S100A10 could be detected in various kinds of tissues, with relatively high expression in reproductive tracts including ovary, uterus, testis and epididymis. During pregnancy, the expression of S100A10 in the uteri is significantly up-regulated on the 4th day. The transcript is strongly detected in endometrial stromal cells and weakly in luminal epithelium cells at the implantation site, but almost not at the inter-implantation site. From gestational day 5 till labor, S100A10 mRNA maintains a certain level in both uteri and placentae. During the estrous cycle, expression of S100A10 is up-regulated in the uteri at proestrus and estrus. Estradiol significantly induces the expression of S100A10, while progesterone can abolish the effect of estradiol. The data suggests that S100A10 may be involved in preventing luminal epithelial cells from over-apoptosis, inducing proliferation and decidualization of stromal cells during implantation, and responding to reproductive stress triggered by copulation.
作者机构：
China Agr Univ, Natl Feed Engn Technol Res Ctr, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Zhuzhou 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Tangrenshen Grp, Ctr Res & Dev, Zhuzhou 412002, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, DF] China Agr Univ, Natl Feed Engn Technol Res Ctr, 2 Yuanmingyuan W Rd, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Li, DF] C;China Agr Univ, Natl Feed Engn Technol Res Ctr, 2 Yuanmingyuan W Rd, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Brown rice;Disaccharidase activity;Enzyme;Extrusion;Ileal digestibilities;Pigs
摘要：
One performance and one ileal apparent digestibility (IAD) trial were conducted to investigate the performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal disaccharidase activity of weaner/grower pigs given diets containing Chinese stored brown rice (CSBR) extruded and with exogenous enzyme supplements. In experiment 1, 96 crossbred (Duroc. Landrace. Large White) piglets weaned at 24 days of age were randomly divided into four groups according to a 2 x 2 factorial design. The animals were given four diets : (1) CSBR without enzyme supplementation, (2) CSBR supplemented with 625 mg alpha-amylase (2509 enzyme activity units) and 200 mg glucoamylase per kg (20018 enzyme activity units) per kg diet, (3) a normal temperature extruded CSBR (NTECSBR) without enzyme supplementation, and (4) NTECSBR supplemented with 625 mg alpha-amylase (2508 enzyme activity units) and 200 mg glucoamylase (20010 enzyme activity units) per kg diet. Growth, food consumption and specific activity of disaccharides in sections of the digestive tract were measured. In experiment 2, six male grower pigs with a mean initial body weight 21 kg, fitted with a simple 'T' cannula at the terminal ileum were used in a 6.6 Latin-square design. In addition to CSBR and NTECSBR diets with and without enzymes, a low temperature extruded diet LTECSBR with and without enzymes (as for other diets) was introduced. IAD of nutrients was measured. Extrusion resulted in a poorer (P < 0.05) food/gain for weaned pigs. Extrusion and enzyme supplementation had no influence (P > 0.05) on average daily food intake and average daily gain. Extrusion tended to improve (P = 0.075) IAD of starch but IAD of energy, dry matter, crude protein and amino acids were not influenced (P > 0.05). Enzyme supplementation had no effect on IAD of amino acids (P > 0.05), except for increasing IAD of lysine, threonine and isoleucine (P < 0.05). Extrusion and enzyme supplementation resulted in a higher (P < 0.05) maltase activity in the duodenum at day 14 of the trial. However, extrusion decreased (P < 0.05) the activity of maltase, isomaltase, sucrase and lactase in the jejunum at day 28. Enzyme supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the activities of maltase, isomaltase, trehalase and lactase in the jejunum at day 28. There was a positive extrusion. enzyme interaction (P < 0.05) for the activity of maltase and trehalase in the duodenum at day 14; a negative interaction was observed for the activity of lactase, maltase, isomaltase and trehalase in the jejunum at day 28. The results suggest that neither extrusion nor enzyme supplementation are necessary for CSBR to be used in pig diets.
摘要：
1. The dietary methionine requirement of egg-laying ducks was assessed by feeding diets supplemented with graded levels of DL-methionine (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 g/kg dietary protein) for 8 weeks. The basal diet contained 175 g protein and 2.6 g methionine per kg feed (or 14.9 g/kg protein) and an estimated ME of 11.5 MJ/kg. 2. A total of 800 Shaoxin laying ducks (420 d old) were randomly divided into 5 groups of 160 each and fed in 4 separate pens. 3. Dietary supplementation of methionine significantly increased egg production and feed conversion efficiency. 4. Dietary methionine requirement for optimum egg production was estimated to be 25.7 g/kg of dietary protein or 4.5 g/kg of the diet or 380 mg/bird-d. 5. Methionine supplementation increased the methionine level in plasma, and the free glutamic acid and aspartic acid concentrations in plasma were quadratically related to dietary methionine levels. Increasing dietary methionine had little effect on egg quality characteristics.
