摘要：
A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of menhaden oil (MO), soybean oil (SO) and soybean lecithin oil (SL) at different ratios (MO/SO/SL) in practical diets for juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei by determining their effects on survival, growth, blood chemistry and fatty acid composition of hepatopancreas and muscle tissue. Eight isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated using 3% MO(3/0/0), 3% SO(0/3/0), 3% SL(0/0/3), 1% MO + 1% SO + 1% SL (1/1/1), 1% SO + 2% SL (0/1/2), 1% MO + 2% SL (1/0/2), 2% SO + 1% SL (0/2/1) and 2% MO +1% SL (2/0/1), respectively. There were no significant differences in body weight gain among all treatments. However, shrimp fed diets with SL supplementation showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher survival than those fed diets without SL supplementation (3% MO and 3% SO diets). The fatty acid (FA) composition of hepatopancreas and muscle tissue reflected, to a certain extent, FA composition of the test diets. Shrimp fed the 3% SL diets showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher triglyceride (TG) concentration in serum than those fed the other experimental diets. Shrimp fed diets containing SL have relatively higher total cholesterol (TC) and phospholipid (PL) concentration in serum than those fed the diets without SL (3% MO and 3% SO). The results of the present investigation are encouraging and confirmed soybean lecithin supplement in shrimp practical diets, when sufficiently high levels of phospholipid are present, survival is enhanced.
作者机构：
[Li, L. L.; Yin, F. G.; Zhu, N. S.; Yin, Y. L.; Tang, Z. R.; Liu, G.; Luo, J. J.; Li, F. N.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, L. L.; Yin, F. G.; Tang, Z. R.; Liu, G.; Li, F. N.] Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Hou, D. X.; Zhu, N. S.; Zhang, B.; Peng, H. Z.; Luo, J. J.] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yin, F. G.] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The effects of Atractylodes Macrophala Koidz polysaccharides on metabolic status and immune function in early-weaned pigs were determined. 25 [Duroc x (Landrace x Yorkshire)] crossbred pigs, weaned at the age of 21 days (body weight 5.30 +/- 0.25 kg), were randomly allocated to 5 dietary treatments, with 5 pigs in each treatment. The dietary treatments were: the basal diet (BD)fed group, the pure Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz polysaccharides (PAMKPS)-fed group (BD + 0.3% PAMKPS), the crude polysaccharides mixture (CPSM)-fed group (BD + 0.6% CPSM), the crude Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz polysaccharides (CAMKPS)-fed group (BD + 0.6% CAMKPS) and the antibiotics (AN)-fed group (BD + 0.015% chlortetracycline + 0.005% flavomycin). Diarrhea scores were recorded daily, and the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed/gain ratio (F/G) were measured weekly. Blood samples were obtained for the measurement of serum metabolites and immune function related parameters, contents from ileum, cecum and colon were collected for enumeration of coliform and lactobacillus counts, and tissue samples were collected for the determination of cAMP contents and mRNA abundances of cytokines. Diets supplemented with the PAMKPS, CPSM and CAMKPS increased ADG (P<0.05) and decreased F/G (P<0.05) compared with the BD. The diarrhea incidence in pigs of the PAMKPS-fed group was lower (P<0.05) than that in both the AN and BD-fed group, and that in the CPSM and AN-fed group was lower (P<0.05) than in the CAMPKS and BD-fed group, respectively. The counts of coliform in ileum contents of the PAMKPS-fed group, that in cecum contents of the PAMKPS, CPSM, CAMKPS and AN-fed group, and that in colon contents of the PAMKPS and AN-fed group were lower (P<0.05) than that in the BD-fed group; the counts of lactobacillus in ileum contents of the PAMKPS-fed group, that in cecum contents of the PAMKPS, CPSM and CAMKPS-fed group, and that in colon contents of the PAMKPS, CPSM, CAMKPS and AN-fed group were higher (P<0.05) than that in the BD-fed group, respectively. Diet supplemented with the PAMKPS ameliorated (P<0.05) the metabolic status of blood urea nitrogen, alanine amiotransterase and aspartate amiotransterase compared with the BD, and diets supplemented with the CAMKPS and CPSM improved (P<0.05) the glucose metabolic process compared with the AN-added diet. Diet supplemented with the PAMKPS increased (P<0.05) the serum concentrations of immunoglobin (Ig) G, IgM, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and spleen and liver contents of the cAMP compared with the BD. Diets supplemented with the PAMKPS and CPSM increased (P<0.05) the peripheral blood lymphocyte transformation rates and mRNA abundances of the interleukin-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and the nuclear factor of activated T cells transcription factor (NF-AT) in spleen compared with the AN-added and BD diets. We concluded that the PAMKPS, CAMKPS and CPSM could ameliorate the metabolic status and regulate immune function to beneficially improve the growth performance in pigs, and such function was better than that of antibiotics. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
关键词：
Haemophilus parasuis;L-arginine;L-glutamine;mouse model
摘要：
Haemophilus parasuis was the aetiological agent of Glässer's disease characterized by fibrinous arthritis, polyserositis and meningitis. Glässer's disease has become one of the most important respiratory diseases of pigs since first reported in 1910 by Glässer. Many disadvantages, such as emergence of other diseases, use of veterinary medicines, change of temperature and farm environment, may facilitate H. parasuis to live and propagate in vivo. Thus, big economic loss was caused by H. parasuis recently. Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) level in the arginine group was significantly higher (P = 0.015) than the alanine group 48 hours after injection, but there is no difference in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in any treatments. Seventy-two hours after H. parasuis challenge, respectively, the the clinical protection rate of malondialdehyde (MDA), Creactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) levels were found.
摘要：
Desmoglein 4 (DSG4) plays an important role in the regulation of growth and differentiation of hair follicles in mammals. In this study, a 755 bp long segment of DSG4 was screened in 544 sheep sampled from nine Chinese indigenous breeds and two Western breeds using PCR-SSCP assay with three different pairs of primers. Two of the three fragments showed polymorphisms with genotypes defined as AA, AB, BB and BC, and DD, DE, and EE, respectively. Interestingly, polymorphisms in these two fragments were in strong linkage disequilibrium. Only three haplotypes were found, of which haplotype AD determined by alleles A and D was the major one in all breeds, while haplotype BE was only found in Chinese breeds that possess divergent frequencies ranging from 0.02 to 0.43; haplotype CD was very rare and present in only one Chinese sheep. Sequences of the three haplotypes showed seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a TTG insertion/deletion (indel), leading to five amino acid substitutions and a glycine indel. Our study provides valuable genetic markers in evaluating the impact of the DSG4 gene on wool traits in sheep.
摘要：
To study the effect of feeding pharmacological level of bovine lactoferricin (LFcin), 20 weaned piglets (5.29 +/- 0.19 kg) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups and fed a maize-soyabean meal diet containing either no addition (C), 100 mg/kg of cipB (C + B), 100 mg/kg of cipB-LFcin (C + L) or 100 mg/kg of colistin sulphate (C + CS) for 3 weeks. Compared with C and C + B, dietary LFcin reduced faecal score (P < 0.05), decreased the concentration of Escherichia coli in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05), increased the concentration of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05), and promoted development of the villus-crypt architecture of the jejunum and ileum. Dietary supplementation with LFcin decreased serum levels of cytokines (interleukin-1,6 [IL-1,6], tumour necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha]) (P < 0.05) and glucagon (P < 0.05), and increased growth hormone (P < 0.05). Thus LFcin could relieve the weanling stress in 21-day weaned piglets.
摘要：
Glasser's disease in swine is caused by Haemophilus parasuis, a Gram-negative bacterium of the family Pasteurellaceae, which colonizes the upper respiratory tract of pigs. This disease has originally been considered a sporadic and stress-associated disease of young pigs. However, the development of pig industry has led to increased incidences and mortality rates of this disease in commercial swine production worldwide. There has been a gravely progress in the research of H. parasuis since the pathogen was identified twenty year ago. These include: 1) development of various methods to type H. parasuis from serotype to genotype; 2) identification of many virulence factors; 3) further understanding the aetiology and epidemiology of H. parasuis and 4) establishment of an exact procedure to diagnose the pathogen. This article focuses on the classification and detection of the major virulence factors of H. parasuis.
作者：
Li, F. N.*;Li, L. L.;Yang, H. S.;Yuan, X. X.;Zhang, B.;...
期刊：
Animal,2011年5(12):1903-1908 ISSN：1751-7311
通讯作者：
Li, F. N.
作者机构：
[Yang, H. S.; Li, L. L.; Geng, M. M.; Yin, Y. L.; Li, F. N.; Yuan, X. X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Res Ctr Hlth Breeding Livestock & Poultry, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, B.] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yang, H. S.; Yuan, X. X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.;[Xiao, C. W.] Hlth Canada, Banting Res Ctr 2203E, Food Directorate, Nutr Res Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
通讯机构：
[Li, F. N.] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Res Ctr Hlth Breeding Livestock & Poultry, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.
作者：
Hu, Q.;Liu, Z. Q.;Yao, K.;Wu, X.;Yang, L. Y.;...
期刊：
Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment,2010年8(3-4):39-46 ISSN：1459-0255
通讯作者：
Ruan, Z.
作者机构：
[Deng, Z. Y.; Ruan, Z.; Hu, Q.] Nanchang Univ, Coll Life Sci & Food Engn, State Key Lab Food Sci & Technol, Nanchang 330031, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Z. Q.; Wu, X.; Hu, Q.; Pan, J.; Yao, K.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Lab Anim Nutr & Hlth, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yang, L. Y.] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ruan, Z.] N;Nanchang Univ, Coll Life Sci & Food Engn, State Key Lab Food Sci & Technol, Nanchang 330031, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Developmental pattern;suckled crossbred piglets;gene expression;growth hormone;insulin-like growth factor I
摘要：
A total of thirty (15 male and female, respectively) suckled crossbred piglets (DurocxLandraccxYorkshine) were selected and divided into five groups at the ages of 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d after birth, respectively. Piglets were weighed and blood and tissue (liver and longissimus dorsi) samples were collected from a total of 30 piglets at different ages. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between male and female, but there were significant differences (P<0.05) among ages during the early postnatal development for the concentration and mRNA abundance in serum, liver and longissimus dorsi (LD) of suckled crossbred piglets growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). There were the different development curve pattern (linear, quadratic, cubic or quartic) of age effects (P<0.05) on the concentration and mRNA expression of suckled crossbred piglets growth hormone GH and IGF-I during the early postnatal development from 1 to 28 d of ages. Pearson's analysis showed serum OH concentration correlated with serum IGF-I concentration, IGF-I mRNA abundance of LD, BW and the relative body weight of LD. Serum IGF-I concentration correlated with liver IGF-I concentration, IGF-I mRNA abundance of LD and BW. Liver IGF-I concentration correlated with GHR mRNA abundance of LD, IGF-I mRNA abundance of liver and LD, IGF-IR mRNA abundance of LD, BW and the relative body weight of LD. LD IGF-I concentration correlated with IGF-I mRNA abundance of liver and LD, IGF-IR mRNA abundance of LD and BW. Liver IGF-I mRNA abundance correlated with growth hormone receptor GHR mRNA abundance of liver, IGF-I mRNA abundance of LD, BW and the relative body weight of LD. LD IGF-I mRNA abundance correlated with GHR mRNA abundance of liver, IGF-IR mRNA abundance of LD, BW and the relative body weight of LD, respectively.
作者机构：
[Zhu, X. Z.; Tian, L. X.; Liu, Y. -J.] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Aquat Econ Anim, Sch Life Sci, W Guangzhou, Peoples R China.;[Mai, K. S.] Ocean Univ China, Coll Fisheries, Qingdao, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Q. H.; Zheng, C. Q.; Cai, M. C.; Zheng, S. X.] Guangdong Yuehai Feed Grp Co Ltd, Zhanjiang, Peoples R China.;[Pan, Q. J.] So Med Univ, Sch Basic Med Sci, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Hu, Y.] Hu Nan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Y. -J.] S;Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Aquat Econ Anim, Sch Life Sci, 135 Xingang W, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
摘要：
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary lysine (DLys) on growth performance, serum metabolites, and carcass composition in growing-finishing barrows fed to achieve a body weight (BW) of about 70 kg from an initial weight of 40 kg. The average daily gain (ADG) and gainrfee (G/F) increased (P < 0.05) as the level of DLys increased. The dressing percentage of barrows in the 0.91 % DLys treatment group was larger (P < 0.05) than that in the other two groups. Other chemical indexes of body composition, including protein, ash, lipid accretion rates and estimated lean yields, were also affected (P < 0.05) by the level of dietary DLys. Findings suggest that barrows fed diets providing 14.21 MJ of digestible energy/kg from over a period during which body weight increases from 40 to 70 kg, show the maximum ADG and G/F when the concentration of DLys is 0.91%, which corresponds approximately to an intake of 18.4 g/day DLys and 0.63 g of DLys/MJ of DE, respectively.
摘要：
Effects of dietary protein level on intramuscular fat content and its fatty acid composition in lean and obese genotype finishing pigs were studied. Twenty four Crossbred (DurocxLandracexLarge White) barrows (49.1 +/- 4.9kg of BW) and eighteen Ningxiang barrows (61.6 +/- 4.1kg of BW) were equally randomly assigned to two groups and fed diets I (13.89% CP) and II (15.33% CP), respectively. The pigs were slaughtered after 46 days. Longissimus dorsi muscle (LD) and semitendinosus muscle (ST) samples were taken and the intramuscular fat (IMF) content as well as its fatty acid composition were determined. There was no significant difference in IMF content both in LD and ST between breed, within breed or between muscles, when Diet I was fed. The percentage of oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) in LD of Crossbred was significantly lower (p<0.01) and higher (p<0.01) than that of Ningxiang, respectively, when Diet I was fed. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in fatty acid composition in ST between breeds when Diet! was fed. When Diet II was fed, the IMF amount of LD in Crossbred was significantly lower (p<0.01) than that in Ningxiang and significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of its own ST. Ratio of stearic acid (C18:0), C18:1 and C18:2 in LD of Crossbred was significantly higher (p<0.01), lower (p<0.01) and higher (p<0.01) than that of Ningxiang pig, respectively. Ratio of palmitic acid (C16:0), C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2 in ST of Crossbred was significantly lower (p<0.01), higher (p<0.01), lower (p<0.01) and higher (p<0.01) than that of Ningxiang pig. Ratio of C18:1 in LD of Crossbred was significantly lower (p<0.01) than that of its own ST while ratio of C18:0 and C18:1 in LD of Ningxiang pig was significantly higher (p<0.05) and lower (p<0.05) than that of its own ST, respectively. These results indicate that breed, protein level of diet and muscle types have effects on IMF content and its fatty acid composition and different muscle types of different breeds responded differently in IMF content and fatty acid composition to the small change in dietary protein level.
