期刊：
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES,2012年8(5):640-649 ISSN：1449-2288
通讯作者：
Zhu, Xing-Quan
作者机构：
[Li, Chun; Li, Jia-Yuan; Liu, Guo-Hua; Zhu, Xing-Quan; Zhou, Dong-Hui; Zou, Feng-Cai] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst, Key Lab Vet Parasitol Gansu Prov, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Guo-Hua; Zhu, Xing-Quan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Chun] Sichuan Ctr Anim Dis Control & Prevent, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Provinc, Peoples R China.;[Li, Jia-Yuan; Lin, Rui-Qing] S China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Xiong, Rong-Chuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhu, Xing-Quan] C;Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst, Key Lab Vet Parasitol Gansu Prov, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Sparganosis, caused by the plerocercoid larvae of members of the genus Spirometra, can cause significant public health problem and considerable economic losses. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei from China was determined, characterized and compared with that of S. erinaceieuropaei from Japan. The gene arrangement in the mt genome sequences of S. erinaceieuropaei from China and Japan is identical. The identity of the mt genomes was 99.1% between S. erinaceieuropaei from China and Japan, and the complete mtDNA sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei from China is slightly shorter (2 bp) than that from Japan. Phylogenetic analysis of S. erinaceieuropaei with other representative cestodes using two different computational algorithms [Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML)] based on concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes, revealed that S. erinaceieuropaei is closely related to Diphyllobothrium spp., supporting classification based on morphological features. The present study determined the complete mtDNA sequences of S. erinaceieuropaei from China that provides novel genetic markers for studying the population genetics and molecular epidemiology of S. erinaceieuropaei in humans and animals.
摘要：
The objective was to investigate the effects of a novel DNA vaccine (pcISI) harboring two copies of inhibin alpha (1-32) fragments on immune response, hormone concentrations and reproductive performance in rats. Female Wistar rats (n = 18 per group) were immunized (twice, 4 wk apart) with 10, 50, or 100 mu g (T-1, T-2 and T-3, respectively), of the pcISI plasmid. At 4 wk after the second immunization, plasma antibody titers were higher (P < 0.05) in T-3 than in either T-1 or T-2 (0.341 +/- 0.123, 0.236 +/- 0.068, and 0.251 +/- 0.077, respectively, mean +/- SD). Concurrrently, plasma concentrations of FSH and estradiol were highest (P < 0.05) in T-3, and were higher (P < 0.05) in T-1 and T-2 than in control groups. For antibody-positive rats, there was a correlation (P < 0.01) between antibody titer and FSH concentrations after two pcISI immunizations. The number of mature follicles in the T-3 group (46.00 +/- 4.65) was higher (P < 0.05) than in two control groups (29.25 +/- 3.72 and 27.92 +/- 3.48), and also higher (P < 0.05) than in T-1 and T-2 (37.17 +/- 4.99 and 38.75 +/- 7.09). Antibody-positive rats had more mature ovarian follicles than negative rats (46.75 +/- 4.23 vs. 35.60 +/- 3.38, P < 0.05). Moreover, litter size and number of placentas were increased (P < 0.05) in the pcISI immunization groups, except for the T-1 group, compared to the control groups. In conclusion, the pcISI DNA vaccine successfully induced a humoral immune response, improved reproductive hormone concentrations, stimulated follicular development, and increased number of placentas and litter size. Furthermore, 100 mu g yielded the best immune response. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Until recently, there was no cell line that could produce continuously high-titer duck hepatitis virus type 1 (DHV-1). In this study, a duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cell line was established, and the susceptibility of this cell line to DHV-1 was determined. The primary culture of DEF cells was from a duck embryo that was partially digested with trypsin. Digested tissue pieces were cultured at 37 degrees C in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The cultured DEF cells, which had the morphology of fibroblast, proliferated to 100% confluence four days later. An immortalized DEF cell line, named DEF-TA, was established and subcultured to passage 33, and the susceptibility of that cell line to DHV-1 was determined. In the DHV-1 susceptibility tests, cytopathic effects and the propagation of virus were observed in DEF-TA cells after DHV-1 infection. This continuous DHV-1-susceptible DEF cell line may serve as a valuable cell line for studies of cell-virus interactions and the pathogenesis of DHV-1 and may be useful for the development of an inactivated vaccine. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Guo, Chengzhi; Yuan, Hui] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[He, Zuping; Guo, Chengzhi] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Renji Hosp, Clin Stem Cell Res Ctr, Shanghai 200127, Peoples R China.;[He, Zuping] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol & Cellular Biol, Washington, DC 20057 USA.;[Yuan, Hui] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, 19 E Lake Rd, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yuan, Hui] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, 19 E Lake Rd, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Apoptosis;Melamine;Normal rat kidney (NRK)-52e cells;p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway;reactive oxygen species (ROS)
摘要：
There was an outbreak of urinary stones associated with consumption of melamine-tainted milk products in 2008 in China, leading to serious illness of many infants and even death. We have recently demonstrated that melamine causes oxidative damage on the NRK (normal rat kidney)-52e cells. The objective of this study was to explore the cellular signalling pathway that mediates the cell apoptosis induced by melamine in the NRK-52e cells. Fluorescence microscope showed that melamine enhanced intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels of the NRK-52e cells. AO/EB (acridine orange/ ethidium bromide) staining and flow cytometry revealed that melamine increased apoptotic and necrotic percentages of the NRK-52e cells in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] assays and flow cytometry displayed that SB203580, an inhibitor for p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway, increased the proliferation of the NRK-52e cells and reduced the apoptotic and necrotic percentages of the NRK-52e cells. Western blots further demonstrated that p38 phosphorylation was activated by melamine in the NRK-52e cells and inhibitor SB203580 blocked the increase of p38 phosphorylation induced by melamine. Together, these results suggested that melamine causes apoptosis of the NRK-52e cells via excessive intracellular ROS and the activation of p38 MAPK pathway. This study thus offers a novel insight into molecular mechanisms by which melamine has adverse cytotoxicity on renal tubular epithelial cells.
期刊：
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology,2011年257(3):405-411 ISSN：0041-008X
通讯作者：
Xiao, Hong-Bo
作者机构：
[Xiao, Hong-Bo] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Heng-Bo] Furong Dist Red Cross Hosp, Changsha 410126, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xiao, Hong-Bo] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Apolipoprotein e-deficient mouse;Cluster of differentiation 44;Inflammation;Kaempferol;Osteopontin
摘要：
Recent studies show that osteopontin (OPN) and its receptor cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) are two pro-inflammatory cytokines contributing to the development of atherosclerosis. The objective of this study was to explore the inhibitory effect of kaempferol, a naturally occurring flavonoid compound, on atherogenesis and the mechanisms involved. The experiments were performed in aorta and plasma from C57BL/6J control and apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice treated or not with kaempferol (50 or 100 mg/kg, intragastrically) for 4 weeks. Kaempferol treatment decreased atherosclerotic lesion area, improved endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, and increased the maximal relaxation value concomitantly with decrease in the half-maximum effective concentration, plasma OPN level, aortic OPN expression, and aortic CD44 expression in ApoE(-/-) mice. In addition, treatment with kaempferol also significantly decreased reactive oxygen species production in mice aorta. The present results suggest that kaempferol regulates OPN-CD44 pathway to inhibit the atherogenesis of ApoE(-/-) mice. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Song, Hui-Qun; Liu, Guo-Hua; Zhu, Xing-Quan] CAAS, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst, Key Lab Vet Parasitol Gansu Prov, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, Peoples R China.;[Yuan, Zi-Guo; Lin, Rui-Qing] S China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Parasitol Lab, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Kou-Xing] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 3, Dept Infect Dis, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Li, Ming-Wei] Guangdong Ocean Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Vet Med, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Wei; Liu, Yi; Liu, Guo-Hua] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Parasitol Lab, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhu, Xing-Quan] C;CAAS, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst, Key Lab Vet Parasitol Gansu Prov, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Mitochondrial (mt) genome sequences provide useful markers for investigating population genetic structures, systematics and phylogenetics of organisms. Although Taenia multiceps, T. hydatigena, and T. taeniaeformis are common taeniid tapeworms of ruminants, pigs, dogs, or cats, causing significant economic losses, no published study on their mt genomes is available. The complete mt genomes of T. multiceps, T. hydatigena, and T. taeniaeformis were amplified in two overlapping fragments and then sequenced. The sizes of the entire mt genome were 13700 bp for T. multiceps, 13489 bp for T. hydatigena, and 13647 bp for T. taeniaeformis. Each of the three genomes contains 36 genes, consisting of 12 genes for proteins, 2 genes for rRNA, and 22 genes for tRNA, which are the same as the mt genomes of all other cestode species studied to date. All genes are transcribed in the same direction and have a nucleotide composition high in A and T. The contents of A+T of the complete genomes are 71.3% for T. multiceps, 70.8% for T. hydatigena, and 73.0% for T. taeniaeformis. The AT bias had a significant effect on both the codon usage pattern and amino acid composition of proteins. T. multiceps and T. hydatigena had two noncoding regions, but T. taeniaeformis had only one. Phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes revealed that T. multiceps, T. hydatigena, and T. taeniaeformis were more closely related to the other members of the Taenia genus, consistent with results of previous morphological and molecular studies. The present study determined the complete mt genome sequences for three Taenia species of animal and human health significance, providing useful markers for studying the systematics, population genetics, and molecular epidemiology of these cestode parasites of animals and humans.
作者：
Liu, Z. -Y.;Dai, M. -H.;Tao, Y. -F.;Chen, D. -M.;Yuan, Z. -H.*
期刊：
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics,2011年34(5):424-429 ISSN：0140-7783
通讯作者：
Yuan, Z. -H.
作者机构：
[Liu, Z. -Y.] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, MAO Key Lab Food Safety Evaluat, Natl Reference Lab Vet Drug Residues HZAU, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Z. -Y.] Hunan Agr Univ, Fac Vet, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yuan, Z. -H.] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, MAO Key Lab Food Safety Evaluat, Natl Reference Lab Vet Drug Residues HZAU, Shizishan St, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yuan, Z. -H.] H;Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, MAO Key Lab Food Safety Evaluat, Natl Reference Lab Vet Drug Residues HZAU, Shizishan St, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Liu, Z.‐Y., Dai, M.‐H., Tao, Y.‐F., Chen, D.‐M., Yuan, Z.‐H. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2A participating in coumarin 7‐hydroxylation in pig liver microsomes. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 34, 424–429. Five commonly used human cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitors were examined for their effects on coumarin 7‐hydroxylase (CYP2A) activity in pig liver microsomes. The K m and V max values for coumarin 7‐hydroxylation in pig liver microsomes were estimated to be 1 μm and 0.26 nmol·mg/min, respectively. The following human CYP inhibitors caused little or no inhibition of CYP2A as defined by a K i > 200 μm: quinidine (CYP2D6), troleandomycin (CYP3A4), and sulfaphenazole (CYP2C9). The other two human CYP inhibitors were classified as strong inhibitors of CYP2A: 8‐methoxypsoralen (CYP2A6) and α‐naphthoflavone (CYP1A1/2). In the absence of a preincubation period, 8‐MOP inhibited the 7‐hydroxylation of coumarin with a K i value of 1.1 μm, which decreased to 0.1 μm when 8‐MOP was preincubated with pig liver microsomes for 3 min. α‐Naphthoflavone inhibited the 7‐hydroxylation of coumarin with a K i value of 32 μm, which did not increase ability to inhibitor CYP2A when α‐naphthoflavone was preincubated with pig liver microsomes for 3 min. These results of this study suggest that 8‐MOP is a potent, mechanism‐based inhibitor of pig CYP2A activity in pig liver microsomes.
摘要：
Olaquindox is a growth-promoting feed additive for food-producing animals. Its toxicities were reported to be closely related to the metabolism. To provide the interpretation of toxicities in animals, this study explored the metabolism of olaquindox in rats, chickens and pigs of different genders by qualitative metabolite profiling. Animals were fed olaquindox in an oral dose, and then their urine, plasma, feces, liver, kidney and muscle were collected. Liquid chromatography combined with hybrid ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used for structural investigation and identification of metabolites. The structures of metabolites were elucidated based on the accurate MS2 spectra and comparison of their changes in accurate molecular masses and fragment ions with those of parent drug or metabolite. A total of 18, 18 and 16 metabolites of rats, chickens and pigs were identified, respectively. Among the identified metabolites, 8 known metabolites were confirmed as an early study had stated, and 15 metabolites were found for the first time in vivo. The major metabolic pathways of olaquindox were proposed to be N-O reduction and oxidation of hydroxyl to carboxylic acid followed by N-O reduction. The qualitative species difference on the metabolite profiles of olaquindox among the three species was observed. However, metabolite profiles of olaquindox appeared to be qualitatively similar between female and male for the same species. The proposed metabolic pathways of olaquindox in animals will provide comprehensive data to clarify the metabolism of olaquindox among different species, and will give scientific explanation for toxicities and residues of olaquindox. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Qiu, Li-Ling; Lin, Rui-Qing; Liu, Guo-Hua; Zhu, Xing-Quan] CASS, Dept Parasitol, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst,Key Lab Vet Parasitol Gansu, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, Peoples R China.;[Yuan, Zi-Guo; Qiu, Li-Ling; Lin, Rui-Qing; Pan, Hong; Weng, Ya-Biao; Hou, Jie] S China Agr Univ, Parasitol Lab, Coll Vet Med, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Guo-Hua] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Xiang-Yun] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Marine Bioresources Sustainable Utilizat, S China Sea Inst Oceanol, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Xie, Wen-Qin] Yongzhou Vocat Tech Coll, Dept Agr Sci & Technol, Yongzhou 425000, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Guo-Hua] C;CASS, Dept Parasitol, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst,Key Lab Vet Parasitol Gansu, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, Peoples R China.
摘要：
In recent years, surveys of Toxoplasma gondii infection in dogs have been reported worldwide, including China. However, little is known about the prevalence of T. gondii in pet dogs in Northwest China. In the present study, the prevalence of T. gondii in pet dogs in Lanzhou, China was investigated using the modified agglutination test (MAT). In this survey, antibodies to T. gondii were found in 28 of 259 (10.81%) pet dogs, with MAT titers of 1:20 in 14 dogs, 1:40 in nine, 1:80 in four, and 1:160 or higher in one dog. The prevalence ranged from 6.67% to 16.67% among dogs of different ages, with low rates in young pet dogs, and high rates in older pet dogs. The seroprevalence in dogs >3 years old was higher than that in dogs ≤1 years old, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The seroprevalence in male dogs was 12.50% (17 of 136), and in female dogs it was 8.94% (11 of 123), but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). A high prevalence of T. gondii infection was found in pet dogs in Lanzhou, Northwest China, which has implications for public health in this region. In order to reduce the risk of exposure to T. gondii, further measures and essential control strategies should be carried out rationally in this region.
摘要：
Bisdesoxyolaquindox is a reduced metabolite of olaquindox which is used as a medicinal feed additive in veterinary medicine. The relevant metabolism studies of bisdesoxyolaquindox have been carried out for the first time in rat, chicken, and pig liver subcellular fractions in order to understand the metabolic enzymes that are possibly responsible for the metabolism of olaquindox. The metabolites were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with hybrid ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The major metabolic pathways of bisdesoxyolaquindox in the three species were the oxidation of hydroxyl to bisdesoxyolaquindox-2'-carboxyl acid (O10) and the N-dealkylation of the side chain to 3-methylquinoxaline 2-carboxamide (O12). Other metabolic pathways were also proposed which involved the direct methyl oxidation and N-oxide on the quinoxaline ring in the three species as well as N-hydroxylation only in rat. The intrinsic clearance values in the liver microsomes for O10 and O12 were ranked in the order of chicken > pig >> rat and rat > pig >> chicken, respectively. Inhibition studies indicated that 8-methoxypsoralen, 4-methylpyrazole and alpha-naphthoflavone could inhibit the formations of O10 and O12 in all species. Quinidine, troleandomycin, diethyldithiocarbamate, and disulfiram showed an interspecies difference in the inhibition of the formation of two metabolites. In rat and pig liver cytosol, 4-methylpyrazole, menadione and chlorpromazine strongly inhibited the formation of O10. Both diethyldithiocarbamate and disulfiram were found to inhibit O10 formation in rat cytosol but not in pig cytosol. These results indicated the following: In rat liver microsomes. CYP2A might be involved in the formation of O10, and CYP1A, CYP2A and CYP2E would be involved in the O12 formation. In pig liver microsomes, CYP1A and CYP2E might catalyze the formations of O10 and O12. In rat cytosol, alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase and aldehyde dehydrogenase should catalyze the O10 formation. In pig cytosol, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase might be involved in the formation of O10. In chicken, it was found that various CYP isoenzymes were capable of catalyzing the two reactions: none of the inhibitors of cytosol enzymes inhibited O10 formation in chicken cytosol. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
通讯机构：
[Xue, Li-Qun] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Mouse model;PCV-2b;Histopathological lesions;Viral distribution
摘要：
The viral distribution and lesions in Kunming mice experimentally infected with porcine circovirus type 2b (PCV-2b) were investigated. Seventy special pathogen free mice were divided into 2 groups with 35 mice in each group. The test group (TG) was infected with PCV-2b, the control group (CG) was inoculated with sterile cell cultures. Five mice in each group were sacrificed at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 dpi (day post infection), respectively. Necropsies were performed on all mice and tissues were collected for testing by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Apoptosis and necrosis in lymphoid organs were observed in virus-infected mice, and became severe from 14 to 28 dpi. The proportion of PCV-2b antigen-positive cells was moderate in lung, heart, thymus, liver or kidney, and low in brain from TG. In spleen and cervical lymph node, the proportions of PCV-2b antigen-positive cells were low to high from 7 to 28 dpi, and moderate from 35 to 42 dpi. PCV-2b DNA was detected in all tissues examined in TG from 7 to 42 dpi. Viral inclusion bodies presented in the cytoplasm of lymphocytes, macrophages, hepatocytes, podocytes, neurocytes, spermatids and uterine epithelial cells in TG. In CG, no viruses and viral lesions were detected. PCV-2b could replicate in mice, and PCV-2b associated lesions in mice were similar to those observed in pigs. The present results indicate that it is possible to use Kunming mouse as an animal model for PMWS research.
摘要：
Mequindox (MEQ) is a novel synthetic quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides antibacterial agent and growth promoter in animal husbandry. This study was to investigate whether reactive oxygen species (ROS), the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) and inflammatory cytokines were involved in toxicities of MEQ Our data demonstrated that high dose of MEQ (275 mg/kg) apparently led to tissue impairment combined with imbalance of redox in liver. In liver and spleen samples, hydroxylation metabolites and desoxymequindox were detected, directly confirming the potential link of N -> O group reduction metabolism with its organ toxicity. Moreover, up-regulation of JAK/STAT, SOCS family, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were also observed in the high-dose group. Meanwhile, significant changes of oxidative stress indices in liver were observed in the high-dose group. As for NADPH subunit, the mRNA levels of many subunits were significantly up-regulated at low doses but down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner in liver and spleen, suggesting an involvement of NADPH in MEQ metabolism and ROS generation. In conclusion, we reported the dose-dependent long-term toxicity as well as the discussion of the potential mechanism and pathways of MEQ which raised further awareness of its toxicity following with the dose change. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Conjugates of the Escherichia coli serum antibody (Ab) with the gentamicin sulfate (GM sulfate) have been evaluated for the assessment of their ability to eradicate E. coli in vitro. The combination of every component in the targeted drug is the amino of serum antibody and gentamicin sulfate combined with the hydroxyl of PEG6000 by hydrogen bond. which forms stable complexes. The half-life of this complex is 4.83 h, and it is non-toxic side effects and low immunogenic. After the combination of antibody and gentamicin sulfate, the targeting of antibody is quite good. In vitro anti-bacterial activity of gentamicin sulfate increased 1000 times, and the clinical curative effect enhanced 100 times, this means higher efficacy and safety. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
