摘要：
Objective: To investigate the reproductive toxicity and cytotoxicity of T-2 toxin, which is a mycotoxin, and to explore its potential apoptotic induction mechanism. Methods: Ovarian granulosa cells of rats were treated with T-2 toxin (1-100 nM) for 24 h. The cytotoxicity was assessed with MTT bioassay; apoptotic cells were identified microscopically by chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation with Hoechst 33258; mitochondrial membrane potential with hodamine 123 and reactive reactive oxygen species (ROS) with 2',7'-dichlorofluoresceinacetate (DCFH-DA) was analyzed by fluorometry; p53 and other apoptosis-related proteins such as Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-9 were determined by Western blot analysis, and related mRNA expressions were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The caspase activity was measured by cleavage of the caspase substrate (Ac-DEVD-pNA for caspase-3. Ac-LEHD- pNA for caspase-9). Results: T-2 toxin inhibited the growth of granulosa cells in a concentration-dependent way. The result of Hoechst 33258 staining indicated that T-2 toxin induces granulosa cells apoptosis based on the typical apoptotic morphological changes. Subsequently, we found that T-2 toxin treatment induced ROS accumulation in granulosa cells, resulting in reduction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. The induction of cell apoptosis was caused by the upregulation of p53, Bax, Bcl-2, Bax/Bcl-2 ration, and the activation of the caspases pathways. T-2 toxin-induced apoptotic granulosa cells significantly decreased through the use of antioxidant Trolox. Conclusion: These data suggest a possible underlying molecular mechanism for T-2 toxin that induces the apoptosis signaling pathway in rat granulosa cells by regulation of ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Song, Hui-Qun; Huang, Si-Yang; Lin, Rui-Qing; Liu, Guo-Hua; Zhu, Xing-Quan; Tan, Hong-Wei] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Guo-Hua; Zhu, Xing-Quan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Dong, Xia; Tan, Hong-Wei] Yunnan Agr Univ, Eastern Bee Res Inst, Kunming, Yunnan Prov, Peoples R China.;[Yuan, Zi-Guo; Lin, Rui-Qing] S China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Guang-Hui] NW A&F Univ, Coll Vet Med, Yangling, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Tan, Hong-Wei] C;Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Transfer RNA;Genomics;Invertebrate genomics;Hymenoptera;Honey bees;Ribosomal RNA;Mitochondria;Mitochondrial DNA
摘要：
In the present study, we determined the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of Apis cerana, the Asiatic cavity-nesting honeybee. We present here an analysis of features of its gene content and genome organization in comparison with Apis mellifera to assess the variation within the genus Apis and among main groups of Hymenoptera. The size of the entire mt genome of A. cerana is 15,895 bp, containing 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and one control region. These genes are transcribed from both strands and have a nucleotide composition high in A and T. The contents of A+T of the complete genomes are 83.96% for A. cerana. The AT bias had a significant effect on both the codon usage pattern and amino acid composition of proteins. There are a total of 3672 codons in all 13 protein-coding genes, excluding termination codons. The most frequently used amino acid is Leu (15.52%), followed by Ile (12.85%), Phe (10.10%), Ser (9.15%) and Met (8.96%). Intergenic regions in the mt genome of A. cerana are 705 bp in total. The order and orientation of the gene arrangement pattern is identical to that of A. mellifera, except for the position of the tRNA-Ser(AGN) gene. Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated amino acid sequences of 13 protein-coding genes, with three different computational algorithms (NJ, MP and ML), all revealed two distinct groups with high statistical support, indicating that A. cerana and A. mellifera are two separate species, consistent with results of previous morphological and molecular studies. The complete mtDNA sequence of A. cerana provides additional genetic markers for studying population genetics, systematics and phylogeographics of honeybees.
摘要：
The study was designed to explore the toxic effects of arsanilic acid on piglet Sertoli cells. Sertoli cells were isolated from piglet testes using a two-step enzyme digestion followed by differential plating. Piglet Sertoli cells were cultured and classified into the following five groups: group A, the control without arsanilic acid treatment; group B, cultured with 5 mu M arsanilic acid; group C, cultured with 50 mu M arsanilic acid; group D, cultured with 0.5 mM arsanilic acid; and group E, cultured with 5 mM arsanilic acid. We found that Sertoli cell growth was inhibited by arsanilic acid at 0.5 mM compared with the control, group A. The oxidase activity of Sertoli cells was decreased by arsanilic acid at 0.5 mM as evidenced by the observations that arsanilic acid increased MDA content but decreased the SOD and GSH-Px activities of Sertoli cells. Moreover, 50 mu M of arsanilic acid was observed to cause DNA damage in Sertoli cells. The results of our study suggest that exposure of Sertoli cells to arsanilic acid leads to induction of oxidative stress and inhibition of cell growth at a high concentration, while arsanilic acid causes DNA damage in Sertoli cells at a low concentration.
期刊：
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,2011年25(2):341-348 ISSN：0951-4198
通讯作者：
Yuan, Zong-Hui
作者机构：
[Chen, Dong-Mei; Wang, Xu; Liu, Zhao-Ying; Yuan, Zong-Hui; Tao, Yan-Fei] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, HZAU MAO Key Lab Food Safety Evaluat, Natl Reference Lab Vet Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Zhao-Ying] Hunan Agr Univ, Fac Vet, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yuan, Zong-Hui] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, HZAU MAO Key Lab Food Safety Evaluat, Natl Reference Lab Vet Drug Residues, Shizishan St, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yuan, Zong-Hui] H;Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, HZAU MAO Key Lab Food Safety Evaluat, Natl Reference Lab Vet Drug Residues, Shizishan St, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Carbadox (methyl-3-(2-quinoxalinylmethylene)-carbazate-N-1, N-4-dioxide) is a chemotherapeutic growth promoter added to feed for starter pigs. In this work, the metabolism of carbadox in rat, pig and chicken liver microsomes has been studied firstly. The incubation mixtures were then processed and analyzed for metabolites with a sensitive and reliable method based on high-performance liquid chromatography combined with hybrid ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/MS-IT-TOF). With the help of chromatographic behavior and accurate mass measurements, it is possible to rapidly and reliably characterize the metabolites of carbadox. The structural elucidations of these metabolites were performed by comparing the changes in the accurate molecular masses and fragment ions generated from precursor ions with those of parent drug. The present results showed that the metabolism of carbadox in liver microsomes had qualitative species-difference. A total of seven metabolites were identified in rat liver microsomes. Five metabolites (Cb1-Cb3, Cb5, Cb7) were observed in pig and chicken liver microsomes. In addition, metabolite Cb6 was also detected in chicken liver microsomes. The peak areas of the metabolites in the three species are different. For the formations of Cb1, Cb2, Cb5 and Cb6, the rank order was rat>chicken>pig; Cb3; pig similar to chicken>rat. Cb1, Cb2 and Cb3 have been previously reported, whereas the other four metabolites were novel. The N -> O group reduction and hydroxylation followed by N -> O group reduction were the main metabolic pathways for carbadox in the three species. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
作者机构：
[Yin, Jiechao; Li, Jing; Li, Guangxing; Ren, Xiaofeng] NE Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China.;[Yin, Jiechao] NE Agr Univ, Coll Life Sci, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Qing] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Ren, Xiaofeng] NE Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, 59 Mucai St, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ren, Xiaofeng] N;NE Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, 59 Mucai St, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus, causes infectious bronchitis leading to enormous economic loss in the poultry industry worldwide. Houttuynia cordata (Saururaceae) (HC) is a traditional Chinese medicine used in China. In the present study, the effect of HC on cell infection by IBV was determined using plaque assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The inhibitory effect of HC on IBV infection in ovo and in vivo was analysed using specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken embryos and chickens. Moreover, the effect of HC on cell apoptosis induced by IBV was investigated. Results showed that HC had more than 90% inhibition rate against IBV infection in Vero cells and chicken embryo kidney cells, and decreased more than 90% apoptotic cells caused by IBV. HC fully protected the SPF embryos, and had more than 50% protection rate in SPF chickens, against IBV challenge.
期刊：
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology,2011年252(3):281-288 ISSN：0041-008X
通讯作者：
Yuan, Zonghui
作者机构：
[Wang, Yulian; Li, Tingting; Wang, Xu; Liu, Zhaoying; Liu, Yu; Ihsan, Awais; Yu, Huan; Yuan, Zonghui; Zhang, Hongfei; Yang, Chunhui; Huang, Xianju] Huazhong Agr Univ, Natl Reference Lab Vet Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.;[Yuan, Zonghui] Huazhong Agr Univ, Natl Reference Lab Vet Drug Residues HZAU, MOA Key Lab Food Safety Evaluat, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Zhaoying] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Xianju] S Cent Univ Nationalities, Coll Pharm, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yuan, Zonghui] H;Huazhong Agr Univ, Natl Reference Lab Vet Drug Residues HZAU, MOA Key Lab Food Safety Evaluat, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.
关键词：
DNA damage;Mequindox;Oxidative stress;Quinoxaline;Rats;Testis;Testosterone;8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)
摘要：
Mequindox (MEQ) is a synthetic antimicrobial chemical of quinoxaline 1, 4-dioxide group. This study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that MEQ exerts testicular toxicity by causing oxidative stress and steroidal gene expression profiles and determine mechanism of MEQ testicular toxicity. In this study, adult male Wistar rats were fed with MEQ for 180 days at five different doses as 0, 25, 55, 110 and 275 mg/kg, respectively. In comparison to control, superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were elevated at 110 and 275 mg/kg MEQ whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) level was slightly increase at only 275 mg/kg. Furthermore, in LC/MS-IT-TOF analysis, one metabolite 2-isoethanol 4-desoxymequindox (M11) was found in the testis. There was significant decrease in body weight, testicular weight and testosterone at 275 mg/kg, serum follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) at 110 and 275 mg/kg, while lutinizing hormone (LH) levels were elevated at 110 mg/kg. Moreover, histopathology of testis exhibited germ cell depletion, contraction of seminiferous tubules and disorganization of the tubular contents of testis. Compared with control, mRNA expression of StAR, P450scc and 17 beta-HSD in testis was significantly decreased after exposure of 275 mg/kg MEQ while AR and 3 beta-HSD mRNA expression were significantly elevated at the 110 mg/kg MEQ group. Taken together, our findings provide the first and direct evidence in vivo for the formation of free radicals during the MEQ metabolism through N -> O group reduction, which may have implications to understand the possible mechanism of male infertility related to quinoxaline derivatives. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
通讯机构：
[Yu, Xing-Long] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Defective interfering RNA;Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
摘要：
In the present study, seven new defective interfering (DI) RNA species of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were identified. RT-PCR, Northern blot and sequence analyses indicated that these DI RNA specie have deletions of 8513-9176 nucleotides located between Nsp1/Nsp2 and Nsp10. Compared with the previous DI RNAs of PRRSV reported, they have three distinct characteristics: much smaller deletion sizes; different nucleotide repeats (2-12 nt) used in the junction sites and in-frame deletions. The results further suggested that the similarity-assisted RNA recombination may be the main cause of generation of DI RNAs in PRRSV and probably in other arteriviruses. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Zeng, D. L.; Liu, W.; Wang, K. Z.; Liu, Y.] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhu, X. Q.] CAAS, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, Key Lab Vet Parasitol Gansu Prov, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, G. H.] NW A&F Univ, Coll Vet Med, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples R China.;[Tan, M. Y.] Ctr Qual Quarantine Livestock Poultry & Aquacultu, Changsha 410006, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, G. H.; Lin, R. Q.; Zhu, X. Q.; Yuan, Z. G.] S China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhu, X. Q.] C;CAAS, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, Key Lab Vet Parasitol Gansu Prov, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The prevalence of spargana infection in frogs (Rana nigromaculata) was investigated in China's central Hunan Province, from March 2007 to October 2009. 59 of 292 (20.2%) wild-caught frogs were found to be infected with plerocercoids (spargana) of the genus Spirometra. Spargana were recovered from the skeletal muscle of the hind limb. The infection rate ranged from 4.5% to 27.4%, and the infection intensity was 1-15 spargana per frog. To identify the species identity of the collected spargana, a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene was amplified, sequenced, and analyzed. Sequence variations for cox1 among all the examined spargana were 0.0-3.1%, with 14 variable sites being identified in sequences obtained (3.1%, 14/446), representing 6 different cox1 sequences. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the spargana isolates in Hunan province represented Spirometra erinaceieuropaei. This is the first report of S. erinaceieuropaei infection in frogs in Hunan province, China. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Transmissible proventriculitis associated with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was at first seen in eastern China in mid-1995, and is now endemic in China. Herein, the complete genome sequence of a proventiculitis-associated infectious bronchitis coronavirus (ZJ971) was sequenced and analyzed. Compared with the genome of the vaccine strain H120, ZJ971 had 54 nucleotide substitutions and a deletion in the 3'-UTR. The substitutions were in the regions of nsp2-nsp5, nsp7, nsp12, nsp13, nsp15, S and N genes, and the untranslating region. The results indicated that ZJ971 could be a variant of IBV strain H120.
摘要：
The objective of this study was to explore the immunomodulatory effects of betulinic acid (BA) extracted from the bark of white birch on mice. Female mice were orally administered BA for 14 days in doses of 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg body weight. We found that BA significantly enhanced the thymus and spleen indices, and stimulated lymphocyte proliferation induced by Concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide as shown by MTT assay. Flow cytometry revealed that BA increased the percentage of CD4(+) cells in thymus as well as the percentage of CD19(+) and the ratios of CD4(+)/CD8(+) in spleen. BA increased the number of plaque-forming cell and macrophage phagocytic activity as indicated by a neutral red dye uptake assay, and the peritoneal macrophages levels of TNF-alpha were also increased. In contrast, serum levels of IgG and IgM and serum concentrations of IL-2 and IL-6 were significantly decreased in BA-treated mice compared to the control as assayed by haemagglutination tests and ELISA, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that BA enhances mouse cellular immunity, humoral immunity, and activity of macrophages. Thus, BA is a potential immune stimulator and may strengthen the immune response of its host.
作者机构：
[Wang, Guiping; Yu, Xinglong; Hu, Shifeng] Hunan Agr Univ, Fac Vet, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yu, Xinglong] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Fac Vet, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
avian influenza virus;latex agglutination test;matrix 1 protein
摘要：
The matrix 1 (M1) gene, present in all subtypes of avian influenza virus (AIV), was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Reactivity of the expressed protein was confirmed by western blot. Subsequently, the M1 gene expression product was purified and used as the antigen to develop a latex agglutination test (LAT) for detecting antibodies against these conventional subtypes of AIV including AIV H3, H5, H7, and H9 from chicken sera. The LAT is specific for AIV, and no cross-reaction was shown with chicken antisera against other avian viruses. Compared with the hemagglutination inhibition test, the corresponding specificity, sensitivity, and correlation were 95.7%, 88.7%, and 89.0%, respectively, in detecting 491 serum samples from vaccinated chickens.
作者机构：
[Gong, Wenjie; Fan, Jinhong; Tu, Changchun; Shao, Mingfu; Jiang, Yu] Acad Mil Med Sci, Inst Vet Sci, Changchun 130062, Peoples R China.;[Gong, Wenjie] Jilin Univ, Inst Zoonoses, Changchun 130062, Peoples R China.;[Sun, Yanwei; Za, Yunfeng] Guangdong Ctr Anim Dis Control, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Xiong, Zhonglian; Zeng, Zheng] Chongqing Anim Dis Prevent & Control Ctr, Chongqing 401147, Peoples R China.;[Yu, Xinglong] Hunan Agr Univ, Vet Coll, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Tu, Changchun] A;Acad Mil Med Sci, Inst Vet Sci, 1068 Qinglong Rd, Changchun 130062, Peoples R China.
关键词：
China;Evolutionary dynamics;Rabies virus
摘要：
Phylogenetic studies have revealed a profound understanding about the biodiversity of rabies viruses in China, but little is known about their evolutionary dynamics in the country. In the present study, the complete G gene sequences of 33 rabies virus isolates (RABVs) isolated from distinct Chinese provinces were determined and phylogenetic analysis was conducted using these G sequences and 93 others retrieved from GenBank representing China and Southeast Asia. Further evolutionary history of RABV was estimated using a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method to understand the temporal and spatial dynamics of this virus. Results showed that rabies viruses in China and Southeast Asia share a common ancestor and form 2 clades with each being further divided into 3 lineages. The time of the most recent common ancestor of current RABV strains was estimated to be year 1654 (1514-1812) and the viruses circulating in Southeast Asia likely derived from China. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Very little information is known about the toxic effects of cadmium on somatic cells in mammalian testis. The objective of this study is to explore the toxicity of cadmium on piglet Sertoli cells. Sertoli cells were isolated from piglet testes using a two-step enzyme digestion and followed by differential plating. Piglet Sertoli cells were identified by oil red O staining and Fas ligand (FasL) expression as assayed by immunocytochemistry and expression of transferrin and androgen binding protein by RT-PCR. Sertoli cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum in the absence or presence of various concentrations of cadmium chloride, or treatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190 and with cadmium chloride exposure. Apoptotic cells in seminiferous tubules of piglets were also performed using TUNEL assay in vivo. Cadmium chloride inhibited the proliferation of Piglet Sertoli cells as shown by MTT assay, and it increased malondialdehyde (MDA) but reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. Inhibitor SB202190 alleviated the proliferation inhibition of cadmium on piglet Sertoli cells. Comet assay revealed that cadmium chloride caused DNA damage of Piglet Sertoli cells and resulted in cell apoptosis as assayed by flow cytometry. The in vivo study confirmed that cadmium induced cell apoptosis in seminiferous tubules of piglets. Transmission electronic microscopy showed abnormal and apoptotic ultrastructure in Piglet Sertoli cells treated with cadmium chloride compared to the control. cadmium has obvious adverse effects on the proliferation of piglet Sertoli cells and causes their DNA damage, cell apoptosis, and aberrant morphology. This study thus offers novel insights into the toxicology of cadmium on male reproduction.
摘要：
Preimplantation development is critical for successful implantation and pregnancy. In the mouse preimplantation embryo, the first event of morphological and cellular differentiation is established during polarization and compaction at the 8-cell stage. The considerable cell surface and cytoplasmic changes and formation of different populations of cells at the 8-cell stage are fundamentally important for the development of all organisms. To determine genes that are specifically expressed at this crucial stage of embryo development and also to shed light on the different mechanisms that could be of importance during embryo development, we investigated mouse 8-cell and 4-cell embryo stage-specific genes using Digital Differential Display (DDD). The 8-cell stage-specific genes were sorted according to their ontology data from the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), which outlines possible roles for the genes expressed at the 8-cell stage. This study highlights how online tools can be used to identify genes involved in embryo development. Identification of the 8-cell embryo stage-specific genes would open new opportunities for understanding molecular networks during the mid-preimplantation gene activation. Using bioinformatic tools, such as Digital Differential Display and DAVID, it will be possible to identify genes expressed at the 8-cell stage that are likely to be involved in mammalian preimplantation embryo development. Our results may provide a new foundation for molecular control at the onset of embryonic development in mammals, and should be of interest to the scientific community.
作者机构：
[Liu, G. H.; Li, F.; Liu, W.; Liu, Y.; Dai, R. S.] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Lin, R. Q.; Zhu, X. Q.] S China Agr Univ, S China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Li, Z. Y.; Liu, D. X.] Gen Vet Serv Hunan Prov, Changsha 410007, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[He, S. W.] Xiangxi Nationality Vocat Tech Coll, Jishou 416000, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Tan, M. Y.] Ctr Qual Quarantine Livestock Poultry & Aquacultu, Changsha 410006, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhu, X. Q.] S;S China Agr Univ, S China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The prevalence of helminths in adult dogs was investigated in Hunan Province, the People's Republic of China between June 2006 and December 2007. A total of 438 adult farm dogs slaughtered in local abattoirs from 9 representative administrative regions in Hunan Province were examined for the presence of helminths using a helminthological approach. All collected worms were counted and identified to species according to existing keys and descriptions. A total of 11 helminth species were found in the dogs, and they represented 2 phyla, 3 classes, 6 families and 8 genera. All dogs were infected by more than one helminth species. Clonorchis sinensis (29.4%) was the only trematode species found, Dipylidium caninum (42.3%) was the most common cestode species, and Toxocara canis (45.2%) the most common nematode species. 6 of the 11 dog helminths are also transmissible to humans (i.e., zoonotic), and can cause severe clinical human diseases, posing significant public health threats. The results of the present investigation have implications for the ongoing control of helminth infections in dogs and humans in Hunan Province, China.
摘要：
Previous investigations have indicated that reduced erythrocyte deformability may be an important factor contributing to the development of atherosclerosis, and endogenous asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) might be an important contributor to reduction of erythrocyte deformability in atherosclerosis. In this study, the effect of 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone (1), a kind of polyphenolic compound, on erythrocyte deformability in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE − / − ) mice was evaluated. After treatment with compound 1 (10 or 20 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks, erythrocyte deformability, antioxidant enzymes activity, erythrocyte dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) activity, the plasma level of ADMA and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were determined. Treatment with compound 1 (10 or 20 mg/kg) increased erythrocyte deformability, antioxidant enzymes activity concomitantly, a decrease in the plasma levels of MDA and ADMA, and an increase in erythrocyte DDAH activity. The present result suggests that the beneficial effect of 1 on the erythrocyte deformability, besides inhibiting lipid peroxidation, may be related to reduction of ADMA concentration via an increase in DDAH activity.
