摘要：
Lilium is a commercially important genus of bulbous flowers, investigating the flowering molecular mechanisms is important for flowering regulation of lily. MADS-box SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) orthologs are involved in the flowering transition and floral organ differentiation in many plants. In this study, we identified an SVP ortholog from L. × formolongi (LfSVP), which was closely related to Arabidopsis SVP according to phylogenetic analysis. Tissue-specific expression patterns indicated that LfSVP expression levels peaked in the leaves and showed low expression levels in flowering tepals. Stage-dependent expression patterns of LfSVP showed high transcription level in the flowering induction stage under different photoperiods and exhibited transcription peak in the floral budding development stage under long days. Overexpressed LfSVP led to delayed flowering and floral organ defects in Arabidopsis independent of photoperiod. Tobacco rattle virus -induced gene silencing of LfSVP caused a strongly earlier flowering time and floral organ defects of L. × formolongi. Moreover, LfSVP can interact with L. × formolongi APETALA1 (AP1) in both yeast and tobacco cells, and the two may interact to regulate floral organ differentiation. In conclusion, LfSVP is a flowering repressor and may be involved in the regulation of floral organ differentiation. This study will be helpful for the molecular breeding of short-life-period and rich floral patterns lily varieties.
摘要：
This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementing laying hen diets with Radix Isatidis Polysaccharide (RIPS) on egg quality, immune function, and intestinal health. The research was conducted using 288 Hyland Brown hens, which were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: control (without RIPS), low dose (200g/t), medium dose (500g/t), and high dose (1000g/t) of RIPS. Each dietary treatment was administered to eight replicates of nine hens for nine weeks. The results revealed that RIPS inclusion in diets significantly improved egg quality parameters such as egg shape index, yolk color, haugh unit, and protein height (P<0.05). Additionally, RIPS supplementation enhanced immune function as evidenced by an alteration in serum biochemical parameters, an increase in the spleen index, and a decrease in the liver index. Further, an evaluation of intestinal health showed that RIPS fortified the intestinal barrier, thus increasing the population of beneficial intestinal bacteria and reducing the abundance of harmful ones. Such mechanisms promoted intestinal health, digestion, and nutrient absorption, ultimately leading to enhanced egg quality. In conclusion, supplementing laying hen diets with RIPS has been demonstrated to improve egg quality by boosting immunity and optimizing intestinal digestion and absorption.
摘要：
Cattle ticks (Rhipicephalus microplus) are important economic ectoparasites causing direct and indirect damage to cattle and leading to severe economic losses in cattle husbandry. It is common knowledge that R. microplus is a species complex including five clades; however, the relationships within the R. microplus complex remain unresolved. In the present study, we assembled the complete mitochondrial genome of clade C by next-generation sequencing and proved its correctness based on long PCR amplification. It was 15,004 bp in length and consisted of 13 protein genes, 22 transfer genes, and two ribosomal genes located in the two strains. There were two copies of the repeat region (pseudo-nad1 and tRNA-Glu). Data revealed that cox1, cox2, and cox3 genes were conserved within R. microplus with small genetic differences. Ka/Ks ratios suggested that 12 protein genes (excluding nad6) may be neutral selection. The genetic and phylogenetic analyses indicated that clade C was greatly close to clade B. Findings in the current study provided more data for the identification and differentiation of the R. microplus complex and made up for the lack of information about R. microplus clade C.
摘要：
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease, Increasingly, mitochondrial autophagy has been found to play an important regulatory role in the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis. Koumine is a bioactive alkaloid extracted from the plant Gelsemium elegans. In previous research, Koumine was found to have potential in improving the progression of OA in rats. However, the specific mechanism of its action has not been fully explained. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether Koumine can alleviate OA in rats by influencing mitochondrial autophagy. In the in vitro study, rat chondrocytes (RCCS-1) were induced with IL-1β (10 ng/mL) to induce inflammation, and Koumine (50 μg/mL) was co-treated. In the in vivo study, a rat OA model was established by intra-articular injection of 2% papain, and Koumine was administered orally (1 mg/kg, once daily for two weeks). It was found that Koumine effectively reduced cartilage erosion in rats with osteoarthritis. Additionally, it decreased the levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, and extracellular matrix (ECM) components MMP13 and ADAMTS5 in chondrocytes and articular cartilage tissue, while increasing the level of Collagen II.Koumine inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cartilage tissue and increased the number of autophagosomes in chondrocytes and articular cartilage tissue. Additionally, it upregulated the expression of mitochondrial autophagy proteins LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ, PINK1, Parkin, and Drp1. The administration of Mdivi-1 (50 μM) reversed the enhanced effect of Koumine on mitochondrial autophagy, as well as its anti-inflammatory and anti-ECM degradation effects in rats with OA. These findings suggest that Koumine can alleviate chondrocyte inflammation and improve the progression of OA in rats by activating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy.
作者机构：
[Xie, Jinxin; Kuang, Ling; Pan, Juanjuan; Dang, Yueyi; Tong, Panpan] Xinjiang Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Xinjiang Key Lab Herbivore Drug Res & Creat, Urumqi 830052, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Zunbao] Jilin Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changchun 130062, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Zunbao; Li, Junhui; Song, Guangwei] Tecon Biol CO Ltd, Urumqi 830032, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Lei] Aksu Reg Anim Dis Control & Diagnost Ctr, Aksu 843000, Peoples R China.;[Song, Xiaozhen] Peoples Govt Ziniquanzi Town, Beijing 831502, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xie, JX ] X;[Li, JH ] T;[Lu, G ] S;Xinjiang Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Xinjiang Key Lab Herbivore Drug Res & Creat, Urumqi 830052, Peoples R China.;Tecon Biol CO Ltd, Urumqi 830032, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Kirkovirus;Pigleta;Diarrheic disease
摘要：
Kirkovirus (kirV), a seemingly novel virus family, has been found in horses and donkeys. The study's objectives are to investigate the presence of the virus in swine. In this study, donkey-like kirV was detected in rectal swabs of piglets with diarrhea, and the positive rate was found to be 100% (149/149). However, this virus was detected in only one of 261 clinically healthy piglets, which suggested a strong relationship between the kirV and the diarrheic disease. We obtained the whole-genome sequences of three kirVs (Cj-D5, Cj-D32, and Cj-D43), with a length of 3750 nucleotides (nt) and sharing 99.9% nt identity with donkey kirVs. Furthermore, the three viruses shared 88.5-100% and 23-51% of the Rep protein sequence, similar to available reference strains of Kirkoviridae and Circoviridae, respectively. Moreover, like horse and donkey kirVs, the RCR domain and P-loop NTPase domains of Rep protein and nonanucleotide motif (CAATATTAC) of the three viruses were similar to those of Circoviruses and Cycloviruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these viruses could be grouped with members in the proposed family Kirkoviridae. This is the first report to describe that kirV can circulate in piglets with diarrhea, and future studies are needed to determine the pathogenesis of this virus.
摘要：
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Viola yedoensis Makino (VYM) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine widely distributed in China. It has many pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, immune regulation and anti-oxidation. However, the protective effect of VYM on the spleen and thymus of broilers induced by heat stress has rarely been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY: We established a heat stress model of broilers to explore the protective effect of VYM on spleen and thymus of broilers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experiment, a heat stress model was made by adjusting the feeding temperature of broilers. The protective effect of VYM on the spleen and thymus of heat-stressed broilers were evaluated by detecting immune organ coefficient, histological observation, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, production of antioxidant enzymes and peroxides, TUNEL Staining, Quantitative Real-time PCR. RESULTS: In this study, 60 healthy male AA broilers were divided into 6 groups: Control, 4.5% VYM, HS, HS + 0.5% VYM, HS + 1.5% VYM, HS + 4.5% VYM. After 42 days of feeding, serum, spleen and thymus were collected for detection and analysis. The study revealed that heat stress can lead to pathological damage in the spleen and thymus of broilers, reduce the content of immunoglobulin and newcastle disease (ND), infectious bursal disease (IBD) antibody levels, increase the expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β, INF-γ, heat shock 70kDa protein (HSP70), heat shock 90kDa protein (HSP90). Heat stress inhibits the activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD, promotes the production of MDA, and then lead to oxidative damage of the spleen and thymus. In addition, apoptotic cells and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was increased. However, the addition of VYM to the feed can alleviate the adverse effects of heat stress on the spleen and thymus of broilers. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the addition of VYM to the diet could inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis, and reduce the inflammatory damage of heat stress on the spleen and thymus of broilers. This study provides a basis for further exploring the regulatory role of VYM in heat stress-induced immune imbalance in broilers. In addition, this study also provides a theoretical basis for the development of VYM as a feed additive with immunomodulatory effects.
期刊：
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases,2024年2024 ISSN：1865-1674
通讯作者：
Ge, M
作者机构：
[Fan, Jie; Li, Xinying; Ning, Huimin; Yang, Lei; Chen, Yuhao; Ge, Meng; Peng, Nana; Ge, M; Dong, Wei; Han, Xu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Ge, Meng; Ge, M] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Hunan Engn Technol Res Ctr Vet Drugs, Changsha, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ge, M ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Hunan Engn Technol Res Ctr Vet Drugs, Changsha, Peoples R China.
摘要：
In December 2021, a wildlife conservation base in Hunan, China, reported illness and death among its captive Myocastor coypus population. A gram-positive pathogen was isolated from the affected animals. The 16S rDNA sequence of the isolated strain was approximately 1,500 bp long and exhibited 98.4% homogeneity with Staphylococcus cohnii found in sea cucumbers. Interestingly, the biochemical reactions of the isolated strain were consistent with the characteristics of S. cohnii. The LD100 for BALB/c mice was 1.2 x 10(7) CFU/g, while the MLD was 0.6 x 10(7) CFU/g. Inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the liver, spleen, and kidneys of infected mice, accompanied by widespread systemic bacteremia and focal hepatic and splenic necrosis. Moreover, mycelium was detected in the liver and kidney. The isolated strain possessed both HLB and PVL virulence genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report a highly pathogenic strain of S. cohnii isolated from M. coypus, possessing both HLB and PVL virulence genes. The findings contribute to yielding a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of S. cohnii and have significant implications for disease control in M. coypus, as well as for public health safety and the prevention of zoonotic diseases.
摘要：
The high-mobility group AT-hook 2(HMGA2) gene has been widely studied in the context of cancer and animal growth. However, recently, several studies have uncovered its critical role in cell proliferation. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) further suggests that the HMGA2 gene is a candidate gene in fertility, indicating its connection not only to growth traits but also to reproduction, specifically ovarian traits. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the distribution of the HMGA2 gene in 54 bovine breeds worldwide, identify important short fragment variants (indels), and investigate the relationship between HMGA2 and ovarian development. The dataset included genotypic information from a bovine population of 634 individuals (n = 634). After genotyping and analyzing four selected loci, we found that one out of four loci, rs133750033 (P4-D(22-bp)), was polymorphic. Our results also reveal that this indel of HMGA2 is significantly associated with certain ovarian traits (p < 0.05). Specifically, it has connection with ovarian length (p = 0.004) and ovarian height (p = 0.026) during diestrus. Additionally, we discovered a higher expression of the HMGA2 gene in Asian cattle breeds. In summary, this study suggests that HMGA2 has the potential to serve as an animal fertility testing marker gene. Moreover, these findings contribute to a more promising outlook for the bovine industry.
摘要：
Microplastics (MPs) are global environmental pollutants with potential toxicity concerns, and their effects on the reproductive system have attracted increasing attention. This study investigated the interaction between MPs and mammalian biomolecules, focusing on the relationship between the testosterone adsorption behavior of MPs and male reproductive health. The adsorption capacity of different types of MPs for testosterone was evaluated in vitro experiments. Polyamide (PA)-MPs exhibited stronger adsorption, while polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-MPs displayed the weakest adsorption. Sorption equilibrium between PA-MPs and testosterone was achieved within 6h, fitting the Pseudo-2nd-order model and Langmuir isotherm. The effects of MPs on male reproduction in mice was determined in vivo experiments. Male mice were treated with 0.1 and 0.5mg/d PA-MPs/PMMA-MPs by gavage once per day for 28 days. The results showed that only 0.5mg/d PA-MP exposure induced decreased serum testosterone levels, increased testicular testosterone levels compared to the control, and more severe damage to seminiferous tubule structure, sperm motility and sperm morphology compared to the PMMA-MPs group. Meanwhile, PA-MPs could reduce intracellular nuclear translocation of androgen receptor (AR) mediated by testosterone, while PMMA-MPs had no impact. The study revealed that PA-MP adsorption reduced testosterone bioavailability and caused sperm quality to decline, offering new insights into the combined toxicity mechanism of MPs in male mammals.
期刊：
Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science,2024年26(1):1-16 ISSN：1516-635X
通讯作者：
Guo, S
作者机构：
[Zi, Q.; Guo, S.; Li, P.; Qu, X.; Lei, J.; He, C.] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zi, Q.; Guo, S.; Li, P.; Qu, X.; Lei, J.; He, C.] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Engn Res Ctr Poultry Prod Safety, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yao, Y.] Huaihua Ctr Anim Husb & Fisheries Affairs, Huaihua 418000, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yao, Y.] Hunan Yunfeifeng Agr Co Ltd, Res & Dev Ctr, Huaihua 418200, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zou, X.] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Guo, S ] N;Nongda Rd 1, Changsha 410000, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Blue eggshell;DNA methylation;eggshell glands;transcriptome;Xuefeng Black-bone chicken
摘要：
Blue eggshells have become economically valuable due to their higher popularity among consumers when compared with eggs of other colors, particularly in East Asia. However, eggshell colors vary widely and gradually become lighter with the increase of age. Therefore, to determine the association between DNA methylation and gene expression on the molecular mechanism of eggshell color variation in Xuefeng Black-bone chickens, we collected the shell glands from chickens that produced dark blue eggshells and light blue eggshells, respectively, and performed whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) on them. The results showed that in the context of CG, DNA methylation levels were the highest compared to CHG and CHH contexts, and were negatively correlated with gene expression levels in three different gene regions in all samples, while there was no significant correlation in the contexts of CHG and CHH. Furthermore, when disregarding the location of coding genes, a total of 55 genes will show differences not only in expression levels but also in DNA methylation levels, and among the majority of differential expression genes (n=50), the DNA methylation levels in the gene body region were the highest. GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed in these genes and the results showed that the genes NR1H4 and HEPHL1, ABCA4 and ABCA12, and the pathways, cell adhesion molecular, ABC transporters, ECM-receptor interaction, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, may affect the color variation of the blue eggshell of Xuefeng Black-bone chickens.
摘要：
Daylily is a functional food with high nutritional value in China. Datong (DT) in Shanxi Province is one of the four main production areas of daylily. Therefore, Linfen (LF), Lvliang (LL), and Yangquan (YQ) in Shanxi Province have also introduced daylily from DT. However, geographical and climatic conditions and producing patterns cause variations in the daylily quality. In the present study, we found that the nutrient composition of daylilies from different producing areas of Shanxi Province varied. The key environmental factors affecting the nutrition of daylily in different regions were altitude and temperature. The widely targeted metabolomics results showed that 1642 metabolites were found in daylily. The differential metabolites between DT and YQ, LL and LF were 557, 667, and 359, respectively. Notably, 9 metabolic pathways and 59 metabolite markers were associated with daylily from different areas. This study provides a theoretical basis for the quality maintenance and health efficacy research of daylily.
摘要：
INTRODUCTION: Excessive intake of lactate caused by improper use of silage in animal husbandry has adverse effects on rumen fermentation, such as rumen acidosis. The speed of absorption and metabolism of D-lactate in rumen epithelial cells was slower than that of L-lactate, making D-lactate more prone to accumulate and induce rumen acidosis. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the effects of dietary D-lactate levels on rumen fermentation of beef cattle and its mechanism in an in vitro system. METHODS: This experiment was adopted in single-factor random trial design, with 5 days for adaptation and 3 days for sample collection. Three treatments (n = 8/treatment) were used: (1) D-LA (0.3%), basal fermentation substrate with 0.3% (dry matter, DM basis) D-lactate; (2) D-LA (0.75%), basal fermentation substrate with 0.75% (DM basis) D-lactate; and (3) D-LA (1.2%), basal fermentation substrate with 1.2% (DM basis) D-lactate. RESULTS: With the dietary D-lactate levels increased, the daily production of total gas, hydrogen and methane, as well as the ruminal concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, isovalerate, total volatile fatty acid and D-lactate increased (p < 0.05), but the ruminal pH and acetate/propionate ratios decreased (p < 0.05). Principle coordinate analysis based on Bray-Curtis distance showed that increasing dietary D-lactate levels could significantly affect the structure of rumen bacterial community (p < 0.05), but had no significant effect on the structure of rumen eukaryotic community (p > 0.05). NK4A214_group, Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group, Eubacterium_oxidoreducens_group, Escherichia-Shigella, Marvinbryantia and Entodinium were enriched in D-LA (1.2%) group (p < 0.05), as well as WCHB1-41, vadinBE97, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Anaeroplasma and Ruminococcus were enriched in D-LA (0.3%) group (p < 0.05). Changes in the composition of ruminal microorganisms affected rumen metabolism, mainly focus on the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: Overall, feeding whole-plant corn silage with high D-lactate content could not induce rumen acidosis, and the metabolization of dietary D-lactate into volatile fatty acids increased the energy supply of beef cattle. However, it also increased the ruminal CH(4) emissions and the relative abundance of opportunistic pathogen Escherichia-Shigella in beef cattle. The relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiota and Escherichia-Shigella may be influenced by glycosaminoglycans, reflecting the interaction between rumen microorganisms and metabolites.
摘要：
We established an efficient method using high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) combined with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC) for isolating and purifying Gelsemium elegans (G. elegans) alkaloids. First, the two-phase solvent system composed of 1% triethylamine aqueous solution/n-hexane/ethyl acetate/ethanol (volume ratio 4:2:3:2) was employed to separate the crude extract (350 mg) using HSCCC. Subsequently, the mixture that resulted from HSCCC was further separated by Prep-HPLC, resulting in seven pure compounds including: 14-hydroxygelsenicine (1, 12.1 mg), sempervirine (2, 20.8 mg), 19-(R)-hydroxydihydrogelelsevirine (3, 10.1 mg), koumine (4, 50.5 mg), gelsemine (5, 32.2 mg), gelselvirine (6, 50.5 mg), and 11-hydroxyhumanmantenine (7, 12.5 mg). The purity of these seven compounds were 97.4, 98.9, 98.5, 99, 99.5, 96.8, and 85.5%, as determined by HPLC. The chemical structures of the seven compounds were analyzed and confirmed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and 13 C-nuclear magnetic resonance (13 C NMR) spectra. The results indicate that the HSCCC-prep-HPLC method can effectively separate the major alkaloids from the purified G. elegans, holding promising prospects for potential applications in the separation and identification of other traditional Chinese medicines.
关键词：
TCM polysaccharides;salpingitis;immunity and antioxidants;gut microbiota;serum metabolome
摘要：
This paper aimed to evaluate the effect of 3 kinds of TCM polysaccharides instead of antibiotics in preventing salpingitis in laying hens. After feeding the laying hens with Lotus leaf polysaccharide, Poria polysaccharide, and Epimedium polysaccharide, mixed bacteria (E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus) were used to infect the oviduct to establish an inflammation model. Changes in antioxidant, serum immunity, anti-inflammatory, gut microbiota, and serum metabolites were evaluated. The results showed that the 3 TCM polysaccharides could increase the expression of antioxidant markers SOD, GSH, and CAT, and reduce the accumulation of MDA in the liver; the contents of IgA and IgM in serum were increased. Decreased the mRNA expression of TLR4, NFκB, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL1β, IL6, and IL8, and increased the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL5 in oviduct tissue. 16sRNA high-throughput sequencing revealed that the 3 TCM polysaccharides improved the intestinal flora disturbance caused by bacterial infection, increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bacteroides and Actinobacillus, and decreased the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Romboutsia, Turicibacter, and Streptococcus. Metabolomics showed that the 3 TCM polysaccharides could increase the content of metabolites such as 3-hydroxybutyric acid and isobutyl-L-carnitine, and these results could alleviate the further development of salpingitis. In conclusion, the present study has found that using TCM polysaccharides instead of antibiotics was a feasible way to prevent bacterial salpingitis in laying hens, which might make preventing this disease no longer an issue for breeding laying hens.
摘要：
In the past few decades, many researchers believed that a high-fat and high-calorie diet is the most critical factor leading to metabolic diseases. However, increasing evidence shows a high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet may also be a significant risk factor. It needs a comprehensive evaluation to prove which viewpoint is more persuasive. We systematically compared the effects of high-fat and high-calorie diets and high-carbohydrate and low-fat ones on glycolipid metabolism in mice to evaluate and compare the effects of different dietary patterns on metabolic changes in mice. Sixty 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups after acclimatization and 15% (F-15), 25% (F-25), 35% (F-35), and 45% (F-45) of their dietary energy was derived from fat for 24 weeks. The body weight, body-fat percentage, fasting blood glucose, lipid content in the serum, and triglyceride content in the livers of mice showed a significantly positive correlation with dietary oil supplementation. Interestingly, the total cholesterol content in the livers of mice in the F-15 group was significantly higher than that in other groups (p < 0.05). Compared with the F-45 group, the mRNA expression of sterol synthesis and absorption-related genes (e.g., Asgr1, mTorc1, Ucp20, Srebp2, Hmgcr, and Ldlr), liver fibrosis-related genes (e.g., Col4a1 and Adamts1) and inflammation-related genes (e.g., Il-1 beta and Il-6) were significantly higher in the F-15 group. Compared with the F-45 group, the relative abundance of unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae and Akkermansia was decreased in the F-15 group. While unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae and Akkermansia are potentially beneficial bacteria, they have the ability to produce short-chain fatty acids and modulate cholesterol metabolism. In addition, the relative abundance of unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae and Akkermansia was significantly positively correlated with fatty acid transporters expression and negatively correlated with that of cholesteryl acyltransferase 1 and cholesterol synthesis-related genes. In conclusion, our study delineated how a high-fat and high-calorie diet (fat supplied higher than or equal to 35%) induced obesity and hepatic lipid deposition in mice. Although the high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet did not cause weight gain in mice, it induced cholesterol deposition in the liver. The mechanism is mainly through the induction of endogenous synthesis of cholesterol in mice liver through the ASGR1-mTORC1-USP20-HMGCR signaling pathway. The appropriate oil and carbon water ratio (dietary energy supply from fat of 25%) showed the best gluco-lipid metabolic homeostasis in mice.
通讯机构：
[Zhao-Ying Liu; Yong Wu] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
Asian Gelsemium elegans (G. elegans) has a wide range of pharmacological activities. However, its strong toxicity limits its potential development and application. Interestingly, there are significant gender differences in G. elegans toxicity in rats. This work aimed to elucidate the overall absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of whole G. elegans crude extract in female and male rats using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/QqTOF-MS), which facilitates determining the reasons for the gender differences in toxicity. A total of 25 absorbed bioactive components and 3 related produced metabolites were tentatively identified in female rats, while only 17 absorbed bioactive components and 3 related produced metabolites were identified in male rats. By comparison of peak intensities, most compounds were found to be more active in absorption, distribution and excretion in female rats than in male rats, which showed that female rats were more sensitive to G. elegans. This study was the first to investigate the multicomponent in vivo process of G. elegans in rats and compare the differences between sexes. It was hypothesized that differences in the absorption of gelsedine-type alkaloids were one of the main reasons for the sex differences in G. elegans toxicity.
摘要：
Highly immunogenic nucleotide fragments from 3 genes of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strain 232 were selected using information software technology. After repeating each fragment three times, a total of 9 nucleotide fragments were joined together to form a new nucleotide sequence called Mhp2321092bp. Mhp2321092bp was directly synthesized and cloned into a pET100 vector and expressed in Escherichia coli. After purification, the proteins were successfully validated by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting using mouse His-tag antibody and pig anti-Mhp serum. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with purified proteins in the high-dose (100 & mu;g), medium-dose group (50 & mu;g) and low-dose (10 & mu;g) groups. Mice in each group were injected on day 1, day 8 and day 15 of feeding, respectively. Serum samples were collected from all mice on the day before immunization and on day 22 after immunization. The antibody level in the mouse serum was detected using western blotting using purified expressed proteins as antigens. IL-2, TNF-& alpha; and IFN-& gamma; were simultaneously detected in the mouse serum by ELISA. The results showed that the 60 kDa protein was successfully expressed and reacted specifically with the specific serum Mhp His-Tag mouse monoclonal antibody and pig anti-Mhp serum. From day 0 to day 22 of immunization, IFN-& gamma; increased from 269.52 to 467.74 pg/mL, IL-2 increased from 14.03 to 145.16 pg/mL, and TNF-& alpha; increased from 6.86 to 12.37 pg/mL. The IgG antibody in mice increased significantly from 0 day to day 22 after immunization. This study suggests that the expressed recombinant protein may serve as one of the novel vaccine candidates for Mhp.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important foodborne pathogens in the world and the main cause of dairy cow mastitis. Few studies have investigated the epidemic pedigree of S. aureus of bovine origin in Hunan, China. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the capsular polysaccharides (CP), molecular typing, and antibiotic resistance characteristics of S. aureus isolated from raw milk of dairy farms in Hunan Province. METHODS: Between 2018 and 2022, 681 raw milk samples were collected from dairy cows from farms in Changsha, Changde, Shaoyang, Yongzhou, and Chenzhou in Hunan Province. S. aureus was isolated from these samples, and the isolates were subjected to molecular typing, CP typing, and determination of antibiotic resistance through broth dilution and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: From 681 raw milk samples, 76 strains of S. aureus were isolated. The pathogenicity of 76 isolates was determined preliminarily by detecting cp5 and cp8 CP genes. Eighteen types of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of 76 S. aureus strains were detected by the broth dilution method, and 11 kinds of related resistance genes were amplified by PCR. The S. aureus isolates had CP5 (42.10%) and CP8 (57.89%). S. aureus had a multiple antimicrobial resistance rate of 26.75%. The isolated strains had the highest resistance rate to penicillin (82.89%) and showed varying degrees of resistance to other drugs, but no isolate showed resistance to doxycycline. The 76 isolates all carried two or more antibiotic resistance genes, with a maximum of eight antibiotics resistance genes. FemB was detected in all isolates, but none of isolates carried vanA, ermA, or glrA. The 76 isolates were divided into 22 sequence types (ST) and 20 spa types by MLST and spa typing, and the number of t796-ST7 (n=15) isolates was the highest, which may be the major epidemic strain of multidrug-resistant S. aureus. CONCLUSION: The present findings indicate the need to increase production of the CP8 S. aureus vaccine in Hunan Province and strengthen resistance monitoring of t796-ST7 isolates with the prevalent molecular type of multi-drug resistant strains. The use of β-lactam, macrolides, and lincosamides should be reduced; doxycycline, sulfonamides, and glycopeptides could be appropriately added to veterinary antibiotics to treat infectious diseases in dairy cows.
