通讯机构：
[Zhan, Y.] P;[Wang, C.] A;Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Hunan, China;Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Hunan Province, Hunan, China
关键词：
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2);porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3);Porcine parvovirus (PPV);Pseudorabies virus (PRV);Multiplex real-time PCR
摘要：
In goats, most follicles in the ovaries will be atresia and only a few dominant follicles (DFs) may eventually mature and ovulate at a follicular wave. To investigate the potential microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate the expression of genes associated with follicular dominance or atresia, small RNA sequencing was performed on granulosa cells of DF and subordinate follicle at the first follicular wave in goats. A total of 108 differentially expressed miRNAs were detected in the two types of follicle granulosa cells: 16 upregulated miRNAs and 92 downregulated miRNAs. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of the target genes showed that TKTL1, LOC102187810, LOC102184409 and ALDOA are closely associated with follicle dominance and are involved in the pentose phosphate pathway. Furthermore, a coexpression network of miRNAs and follicular dominance-related genes was constructed. The qPCR results well correlated with the small RNA sequencing data. Our findings provide new insight for exploring the molecular mechanism of miRNAs in regulating follicular development in goats.
期刊：
Journal of Microbiology,2023年61(4):433-448 ISSN：1225-8873
通讯作者：
Tang, Yulong;Fang, Lihua
作者机构：
[Jia, Xinglin; Pan, Yanying; Zhao, Chijun; Ji, Chunxiao] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Fang, Lihua; Liu, Quan] Foshan Univ, Sch Life Sci & Engn, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Kuang, Guangwei; Zhang, Shuo; Liao, Simeng; Tang, Yulong; Wu, Xin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Tang, Yulong] Anhui Prov Key Lab Livestock & Poultry Prod Safety, Hefei 230001, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Shuo] South Southwest Agr & Anim Husb Grp Ltd, Kunming 650217, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Tang, Yulong] I;[Fang, Lihua] S;Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.;Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Hefei, 230001, China.;School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong, China.
关键词：
Streptococcus suis serotype 2;Thioredoxin system;Anti-phagocytosis;Oxidative stress
摘要：
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen that can infect humans in contact with infected pigs or their byproducts. It can employ different types of genes to defend against oxidative stress and ensure its survival. The thioredoxin (Trx) system is a key antioxidant system that contributes adversity adaptation and pathogenicity. SS2 has been shown to encode putative thioredoxin genes, but the biological roles, coding sequence, and underlying mechanisms remains uncharacterized. Here, we demonstrated that SSU05_0237-ORF, from a clinical SS2 strain, ZJ081101, encodes a protein of 104 amino acids with a canonical CGPC active motif and an identity 70-85% similar to the thioredoxin A (TrxA) in other microorganisms. Recombinant TrxA efficiently catalyzed the thiol-disulfide oxidoreduction of insulin. The deletion of TrxA led to a significantly slow growth and markedly compromised tolerance of the pathogen to temperature stress, as well as impaired adhesion ability to pig intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). However, it was not involved in H(2)O(2) and paraquat-induced oxidative stress. Compared with the wild-type strain, the ΔTrxA strain was more susceptible to killing by macrophages through increasing NO production. Treatment with TrxA mutant strain also significantly attenuated cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting inflammatory response and apoptosis. Knockdown of pentraxin 3 in RAW 264.7 cells was more vulnerable to phagocytic activity, and TrxA promoted SS2 survival in phagocytic cells depending on pentraxin 3 activity compared with the wild-type strain. Moreover, a co-inoculation experiment in mice revealed that TrxA mutant strain is far more easily cleared from the body than the wild type strain in the period from 8-24h, and exhibits significantly attenuated oxidative stress and liver injury. In summary, we reveal the important role of TrxA in the pathogenesis of SS2.
通讯机构：
[Zeng, JG; Yang, ZH ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Key Lab Tradit Chinese Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
sanguinarine;UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS;metabolites;rats;in vivo
摘要：
Sanguinarine (SAN), as the main active component of a traditional Chinese veterinary medicine, has been widely used in the animal husbandry and breeding industry. However, the metabolites of SA are still uncertain. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the metabolites of SA based on rats in vivo. The blood, feces, and urine of rats were collected after the oral administration of 40 mg/kg SAN. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was employed to identify the metabolites of SAN. The elemental composition of sanguinarine metabolites was inferred by analyzing their exact molecular weight, and the structures of the metabolites were predicted based on their fragment ions and cleavage pathways. A total of 12 metabolites were identified, including three metabolites in the plasma, four in the urine, and nine in the feces. According to the possible metabolic pathways deduced in this study, SAN was mainly metabolized through reduction, oxidation, demethylation, hydroxylation, and glucuronidation. This present research has summarized the metabolism of SAN in rats, which is helpful for further studying the metabolic mechanism of SAN in vivo and in vitro.
通讯机构：
[Wan, FC ; Liu, L ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
L-leucine;beef cattle;in vitro technique;rumen protection rate;rumen fermentation;bacterial community
摘要：
This study was conducted to compare the effects of rumen-protected (RP-Leu) and unprotected L-leucine (RU-Leu) on the fermentation parameters, bacterial composition, and amino acid metabolism in vitro rumen batch incubation. The 5.00 g RP-Leu or RU-Leu products were incubated in situ in the rumen of four beef cattle (Bos taurus) and removed after 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 16, and 24 h to determine the rumen protection rate. In in vitro incubation, both RP-Leu and RU-Leu were supplemented 1.5 mmol/bottle (L-leucine HCl), and incubated after 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 16 h to measure gas production (GP), nutrient degradability, fermentation parameters, bacterial composition, and amino acids metabolism. Results from both in vitro and in situ experiments confirmed that the rumen protection rate was greater (p < 0.01) in RP-Leu than in RU-Leu, whereas the latter was slow (p < 0.05) degraded within incubation 8 h. Free leucine from RP-Leu and RU-Leu reached a peak at incubation 6 h (p < 0.01). RU-Leu supplementation increased (p < 0.05) gas production, microbial crude protein, branched-chain AAs, propionate and branched-chain VFAs concentrations, and Shannon and Sobs index in comparison to the control and RP-Leu supplementation. RU-Leu and RP-Leu supplementation decreased (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, which Firmicutes increased (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that there are 5 bacteria at the genus level that may be positively correlated with MCP and propionate (p < 0.05). Based on the result, we found that RP-Leu was more stable than RU-Leu in rumen fluid, but RU-Leu also does not exhibit rapid degradation by ruminal microbes for a short time. The RU-Leu was more beneficial in terms of regulating rumen fermentation pattern, microbial crude protein synthesis, and branched-chain VFAs production than RP-Leu in vitro rumen conditions.
作者机构：
[Ye, Mengke; Wang, Ji; Liu, Xiangyan; Li, Xiaowen; Wang, Xianglin; Liu, Sha; Qu, Jianyu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Lab Anim Clin Toxicol, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Jing; Li, Rongfang; Yi, Jine; Wen, Lixin; Yuan, Zhihang] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Hunan Engn Res Ctr Livestock & Poultry Hlth Care, Changsha, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Rongfang Li] H;Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, People’s Republic of China
摘要：
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of anti-stress agents on the growth performance and immune function of broilers under immune stress conditions induced by vaccination. A total of 128, 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into four groups. Group normal control (NC) was the control group. Group vaccination control (VC), T 0.5%, and T 1% were the treatment groups, which were nasally vaccinated with two doses of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine. The chicks in groups T 0.5% and T 1% were fed conventional diets containing 0.5% and 1% anti-stress agents. Thereafter, these broilers were slaughtered on 1, 7, 14, and 21 days post-vaccination. The results indicated that anti-stress agents could significantly reduce serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (P < 0.01) and cortisol (CORT) (P < 0.05) levels, and improve the growth performance (P < 0.05) and immune function of broilers (P < 0.05); However, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05) were decreased, and the decreased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (P < 0.01) levels mediated by vaccination were markedly improved. In addition, anti-stress agents could attenuate apoptosis in spleen lymphocytes (P < 0.01) by upregulating the ratio of Bcl-2 to BAX (P < 0.01) and downregulating the expression of caspase-3 and -9 (P < 0.01), which might be attributed to the inhibition of the enzymatic activities of caspase-3 and -9 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, anti-stress agents may improve growth performance and immune function in broilers under immune-stress conditions.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Investigation of effects and mechanism of immune stress induced by vaccination.Beneficial effect of anti-stress agents on growth performance, immune function, oxidative stress, and regulation of lymphocyte apoptosis.Demonstration of the effects of apoptosis on immune function in the organism.
摘要：
Branched-long-chain monomethyl fatty acids (BLCFA) are consumed daily in significant amounts by humans in all stages of life. BLCFA are absorbed and metabolized in human intestinal epithelial cells and are not only oxidized for energy. Thus far, BLCFA have been revealed to possess versatile beneficial bioactivities, including cytotoxicity to cancer cells, anti-inflammation, lipid-lowering, reducing the risk of metabolic disorders, maintaining normal β cell function and insulin sensitivity, regulation of development, and mitigating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, compared to other well-studied dietary fatty acids like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), BLCFA has received disproportionate attention despite their potential importance. Here we outlined the major food sources, estimated intake, absorption, and metabolism in human cells, and bioactive properties of BLCFA with a focus on the bioactive mechanisms to advocate for an increased commitment to BLCFA investigations. Humans were estimated to absorb 6-5000 mg of dietary BLCFA daily from fetus to adult. Notably, iso-15:0 inhibited the growth of prostate cancer, liver cancer and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas in rodent models at the effective doses of 35-105 mg/kg/day, 70 mg/kg/day, and 70 mg/kg/day, respectively. Feeding formula prepared with 20% w/w BLCFA mixture to neonatal rats with enterocolitis mitigated the intestine inflammation. Iso-15:0 at doses of 10, 40, and 80 mg/kg relieved brain ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. In the future, it is crucial to conduct research to establish the epidemiology of BLCFA intake and their impacts on health outcomes in humans as well as to fully uncover the underlying mechanisms for their bioactivities.
摘要：
Tick saliva is a reservoir of bioactive proteins. Saliva protein compositions change dynamically during blood-feeding. Decipherment of protein profiles in different blood-feeding stages may bring deeper insight into tick feeding physiology and provide targets for immunologic control alternatives. However, having the infancy of tick genome sequencing, assembly, annotation, and limited knowledge of tick salivary proteins restrain the data interpretation. Here, we aimed to depict the saliva protein profile in partially- (PE) and fully-engorged (FE) Haemaphysalis flava ticks, with a special focus on the analysis of those uncharacterized proteins. Saliva was collected from PE and FE adult female H. flava ticks. Saliva proteins were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS-MS). MS data were searched against an in-house salivary gland transcriptome library for identification of tick-derived proteins. Abundances of proteins were compared between PE and FE ticks. The uncharacterized proteins detected in saliva were further bioinformatically analyzed. In total, 614 proteins were identified including 94 host proteins and 520 tick-derived proteins. The 226 tick-derived high-confidence proteins were classified into 10 categories: transporters, enzymes, protease inhibitors, immunity-related proteins, lipocalins, glycine-rich proteins, muscle proteins, secreted proteins, uncharacterized proteins and others. A total of 98 proteins were shared in both PE and FE with 74 only in PE and 54 only in FE. Abundances of 24 shared proteins were significantly higher in PE. The profile of top 15 most abundant proteins was also different between PE and FE ticks. The 65 uncharacterized proteins detected in tick saliva were branched into subclusters 1A, 1B, 2, 3A, 3B and 3C based on particular motifs like RGD, LRR, indicating their diverse predicted functions like anti-coagulation, regulation of innate immune, or other functions. This study provides and compares saliva proteomes of H. flava ticks in two feeding stages with special cluster analysis on the uncharacterized proteins. Further investigations are needed to confirm the roles of these uncharacterized proteins in ticks.
作者机构：
[Luo, Dan; Jiang, Sujuan; Liu, Yisong; Xiao, Gang; Zeng, Jianguo; Yang, Yang; Ding, Tingyu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Ding, Tingyu] Loudi Vocat & Tech Coll, Loudi 417000, Peoples R China.;[Yue, Meishan; Huang, Jialu; Zeng, Jianguo; Su, Yue] Shanxi Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Taiyuan 030031, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Jianguo Zeng; Yisong Liu] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China<&wdkj&>College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
期刊：
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease,2023年55:102630 ISSN：1477-8939
通讯作者：
Liu, GH;Yao, CQ
作者机构：
[Fu, Yi-Tian; Deng, Yuan-Ping; Liu, Guo-Hua; Zhang, Xue-Ling; Duan, De-Yong] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Res Ctr Parasites & Vectors, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Fu, Yi-Tian] Cent South Univ, Xiangya Sch Basic Med, Dept Parasitol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yao, Chaoqun; Yao, CQ] Ross Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Basseterre, St Kitts & Nevi.;[Yao, Chaoqun; Yao, CQ] Ross Univ, One Hlth Ctr Zoonoses & Trop Vet Med, Sch Vet Med, Basseterre, St Kitts & Nevi.;[Shao, Renfu] Univ Sunshine Coast, Ctr Bioinnovat, Sch Sci Technol & Engn, Sippy Downs, Australia.
通讯机构：
[Liu, GH ] H;[Yao, CQ ] R;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Res Ctr Parasites & Vectors, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Ross Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Basseterre, St Kitts & Nevi.;Ross Univ, One Hlth Ctr Zoonoses & Trop Vet Med, Sch Vet Med, Basseterre, St Kitts & Nevi.
关键词：
Human lice;Lice-borne diseases;Lice-borne pathogen
摘要：
Human lice have always been a major public health concern due to their vector capacity for louse-borne infectious diseases, like trench fever, louse-borne relapsing fever, and epidemic fever, which are caused by Bartonella quintana, Borrelia recurrentis, and Rickettsia prowazekii, respectively. Those diseases are currently re-emerging in the regions of poor hygiene, social poverty, or wars with life-threatening consequences. These louse-borne diseases have also caused outbreaks among populations in jails and refugee camps. In addition, antibodies and DNAs to those pathogens have been steadily detected in homeless populations. Importantly, more bacterial pathogens have been detected in human lice, and some have been transmitted by human lice in laboratories. Here, we provide a comprehensive review and update on louse-borne infectious diseases/bacterial pathogens.
摘要：
Ketosis is often accompanied by a reduction in milk production in dairy cows, but the molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Ketotic cows possess systemic oxidative stress (OS), which may implicate apoptosis in mammary glands. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a vital regulator of cellular redox homeostasis and is under the control of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in nonruminants. Thus, we aimed to investigate (1) the AMPK-SIRT3 and apoptosis status of mammary glands from ketotic cows, (2) the effect of SIRT3 on OS-induced apoptosis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC), and (3) the role of AMPK signaling on SIRT3-mediated effects on apoptosis. Mammary gland samples were reused from a previous study, which contained healthy and ketotic cows (both n = 15). BMEC were incubated with 0, 0.3, 0.6, or 0.9 mM H(2)O(2) for 6 h with/without a 30 min incubation of an antioxidant MitoQ (1 μM). Then BMEC were incubated with SIRT3 overexpression adenovirus (Ad-SIRT3) for 6 h followed by a 6 h incubation with 0.6 mM H(2)O(2). Finally, BMEC were treated with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C (Cd C,10 μM) for 30 min before the H(2)O(2) challenge, or cells were initially treated with the AMPK agonist MK8722 (10 μM) for 30 min followed by a 30-h culture with/without si-SIRT3 and eventually the H(2)O(2) exposure. Ketotic cows displayed higher levels of Bax, Caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 but lower levels of Bcl-2 in mammary glands. H(2)O(2) incubation displayed similar results, exhibiting a dose-dependent manner between the H(2)O(2) concentration and the apoptosis degree. Mito Q pretreatment reduced cellular reactive oxygen species and rescued cells from apoptosis. Ketotic cows had a lower mammary protein abundance of SIRT3. Similarly, H(2)O(2) incubation downregulated both mRNA and protein levels of SIRT3 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Ad-SIRT3 infection lowered levels of cellular reactive oxygen species, Bax, Caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 but increased levels of Bcl-2. TUNEL assays confirmed that Ad-SIRT3 infection mitigated H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis. Both ketotic cows and H(2)O(2)-induced BMEC had lower levels of p-AMPK and p-AMPK/AMPK. Additionally, Cd C pretreatment decreased SIRT3 and Bcl-2 expression but increased levels of Bax and Caspase-3. Contrary to the inhibitor, MK8722 had opposite effects and reduced the percentage of apoptotic cells. However, these effects of MK8722 were reversed upon SIRT3 silencing. In conclusion, in vivo data confirmed that ketosis is associated with greater apoptosis and restricted AMPK-SIRT3 signaling in mammary glands; in vitro data indicated that SIRT3 mitigates OS-induced apoptosis via AMPK signaling. As such, there may be potential benefits for targeting the AMPK-SIRT3 axis to help counteract the negative effects of mammary glands during ketosis.
摘要：
The T-2 toxin (T2) poses a major threat to the health and productivity of animals. The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of Nrf2 derived from broilers against T2-induced oxidative damage. DF-1 cells, including those with normal characteristics, as well as those overexpressing or with a knockout of specific components, were exposed to a 24 h treatment of 50 nM T2. The primary objective was to evaluate the indicators associated with oxidative stress and the expression of downstream antioxidant factors regulated by the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, at both the mRNA and protein levels. The findings of this study demonstrated a noteworthy relationship between the up-regulation of the Nrf2 protein and a considerable reduction in the oxidative stress levels within DF-1 cells (p < 0.05). Furthermore, this up-regulation was associated with a notable increase in the mRNA and protein levels of antioxidant factors downstream of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway (p < 0.05). Conversely, the down-regulation of the Nrf2 protein was linked to a marked elevation in oxidative stress levels in DF-1 cells (p < 0.05). Additionally, this down-regulation resulted in a significant decrease in both the mRNA and protein expression of antioxidant factors (p < 0.05). This experiment lays a theoretical foundation for investigating the detrimental impacts of T2 on broiler chickens. It also establishes a research framework for employing the Nrf2 protein in broiler chicken production and breeding. Moreover, it introduces novel insights for the prospective management of oxidative stress-related ailments in the livestock and poultry industry.
通讯机构：
[Zhiliang Sun; Jing Wu] H;Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China<&wdkj&>Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, PR China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China<&wdkj&>Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, PR China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China<&wdkj&>National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, PR China
摘要：
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Koumine, an indole alkaloid extracted from Gelsemium elegans Benth, exerts anti-inflammation and antioxidant activities. However, the effects of koumine on intestinal injury induced by H(2)O(2) and its potential molecular mechanisms need larger studies. AIM OF THE STUDY: We established an IPEC-J2 cell damage model induced by H(2)O(2) to explore the protective mechanism of koumine on intestinal injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the experiment, cell damage models were made with hydrogen peroxide. To assess the protective effect of koumine on H(2)O(2)-induced IPEC-J2 cell injury, CCK-8, the release of LDH and ROS, transmission electron microscopy and Annexin V-FITC/PI were employed. Western Blot and Quantitative Real-time PCR were used to determine the potential alleviated mechanism of koumine on H(2)O(2)-trigged IPEC-J2 cell damage. RESULTS: The results of CCK-8 and LDH implied that koumine has a mitigative effect on H(2)O(2)-induced cell damage via upregulating cell viability and suppressing cell membrane fragmentation. Simultaneously, koumine notably inhibited the level of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and TGF-β), the over-production of ROS along with decreasing the injury of mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome induced by H(2)O(2). Moreover, koumine dramatically attenuated H(2)O(2)-triggered IPEC-J2 cell apoptosis and autophagy. Subsequently, Western blot analysis identified NF-ΚB, PI3K and ERS as possible pathway responsible for the protective effect of koumine on H(2)O(2)-stimulated IPEC-J2 cell inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: This in vitro experimental study suggests that koumine suppresses the H(2)O(2)-induced activation of inflammatory pathways, oxidative injury, ER stress, apoptosis and autophagy, which provide a rationale for therapeutically use in major intestinal diseases.
通讯机构：
[Yu, X.] C;College of Veterinary Medicine, China
关键词：
ADE;Cba;gene knockout;immunization;Streptococcus suis
摘要：
Streptococcus suis (SS) is a zoonotic pathogen that affects the health of humans and the development of the pig industry. The SS Cba protein is a collagen adhesin, and a few of its homologs are related to the enhancement of bacterial adhesion. We compared the phenotypes of SS9-P10, SS9-P10 cba knockout strains and its complementary strains in vitro and in vivo and found that knocking out the cba gene did not affect the growth characteristics of the strain, but it significantly reduced the ability of SS to form biofilms, adhesion to host cells, phagocytic resistance to macrophages and attenuated virulence in a mouse infection model. These results indicated that Cba was a virulence related factor of SS9. In addition, Mice immunized with the Cba protein had higher mortality and more serious organ lesions after challenge, and the same was observed in passive immunization experiments. This phenomenon is similar to the antibody-dependent enhancement of infection by bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Streptococcus pneumoniae. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of antibody-dependent enhancement of SS, and these observations highlight the complexity of antibody-based therapy for SS infection.
摘要：
Ampelopsis grossedentata (AG) is mainly distributed in Chinese provinces and areas south of the Yangtze River Basin. It is mostly concentrated or scattered in mountainous bushes or woods with high humidity. Approximately 57 chemical components of AG have been identified, including flavonoids, phenols, steroids and terpenoids, volatile components, and other chemical components. In vitro studies have shown that the flavone of AG has therapeutic properties such as anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, enhancing immunity, regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, being hepatoprotective, and being anti-tumor with no toxicity. Through searching and combing the related literature, this paper comprehensively and systematically summarizes the research progress of AG, including morphology, traditional and modern uses, chemical composition and structure, and pharmacological and toxicological effects, with a view to providing references for AG-related research.
摘要：
In China, animal feeds are frequently contaminated with a range of mycotoxins, with Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and T-2 toxin (T-2) being two highly toxic mycotoxins. This study investigates the combined nephrotoxicity of AFB1 and T-2 on PK15 cells and murine renal tissues and their related oxidative stress mechanisms. PK15 cells were treated with the respective toxin concentrations for 24 h, and oxidative stress-related indicators were assessed. The results showed that the combination of AFB1 and T-2 led to more severe cellular damage and oxidative stress compared to exposure to the individual toxins (p < 0.05). In the in vivo study, pathological examination revealed that the kidney tissue of mice exposed to the combined toxins showed signs of glomerular atrophy. The contents of oxidative stress-related indicators were significantly increased in the kidney tissue (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the combined toxins cause significant oxidative damage to mouse kidneys. The study highlights the importance of considering the combined effects of mycotoxins in animal feed, particularly AFB1 and T-2, which can lead to severe nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in PK15 cells and mouse kidneys. The findings have important implications for animal feed safety and regulatory policy.
通讯机构：
[Liguo Yang] N;National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
通讯机构：
[Tiean Zhou] C;College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Cell Mechanics and Function Analysis, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
The main sensing techniques used to study myocardial pulsation are electrical impedance sensing (EIS) and by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). While electrical impedance technology is the gold standard for the study of myocardial pulsation, the clinical application of drugs is being followed up in real time additionally, thus, QCM technology needs to be further developed as a very important class of quality sensor technology. Moreover, the application of EIS, in combination with the QCM, for monitoring myocardial pulsation, has been rarely reported. In this paper, a series of cell growth and adhesion conditions were optimized using rat primary cardiomyocytes, and QCM was used in combination with EIS to monitor the adhesion and the myocardial pulsation ability of the cells in real time. Furthermore, cardiomyocytes that adhered to the QCM and EIS were treated with isoprenaline (ISO), a positive inotropic drug, and verapamil (VRP), a negative inotropic drug. Next, the cell index (CI)-time (T) plots, beating amplitude (BA) and beating rate (BR) of the cardiomyocytes were calculated and changes in these parameters, before and after, dosing were evaluated. The results showed that the QCM technique results were not only consistent with the results obtained with EIS, but also that the QCM technique had a certain degree of sensitivity for the calculation of cardiomyocyte beating. Thus, our findings validate the reliability and validity of the QCM technique for measuring cardiomyocyte beating and drug testing. We hope that further studies would evaluate the application of the QCM technology for clinical use.
