摘要：
In this work, to gain insight into the mechanism of p-nitrophenol (PNP) removal using the reactivity of a biochar supported nanoscale zerovalent iron composite (nZVI/biochar) and nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) under anaerobic or aerobic conditions, batch experiments and models were conducted. The PNP removal rate in the more acidic solutions was higher, while it was significantly suppressed at higher pH, especially at pH 9.0. The peak value of the apparent rate constants suggests that the reactivity of nZVI/biochar could be much stronger than that of nZVI under the same aeration conditions. The modified Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model could successfully describe the PNP removal process using nZVI/biochar or nZVI. The reaction constants obtained through a Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism under different aeration conditions followed the trend nZVI/biochar (N2) > nZVI/biochar (air) > nZVI (N2) > nZVI (air), indicating that nZVI/biochar under anaerobic conditions exhibits enhanced activity for the degradation of PNP. The nZVI/biochar under anaerobic conditions has the lowest Arrhenius activation energy of PNP degradation–adsorption, suggesting that the surface interaction of eliminating PNP has a low energy barrier. In addition, TOC removal under anaerobic conditions was negligible compared with that under the aerobic system and the total number of iron ions leaching at solution pH 3.0 in the nZVI/biochar or nZVI system under air aeration conditions was much higher than that under nitrogen aeration conditions. The profiles of the intermediates formed during the PNP degradation indicated that in the anaerobic environment, reduction was the predominant step in the removal process, while the degradation of PNP could be regarded as a combination of oxidation and reduction in an aerobic environment.
摘要：
The aim of this study is to establish a single track shoe with grouser driving model to optimize the track structural parameters and improve the tractive performance of the tracked mining vehicle on soft sediments. The calculation formula of each component force and total driving force about grouser height was obtained through theoretical analysis. The basic parameters and the relationship of mechanical properties for computer simulation were also obtained by the testing experiment using soil simulation whose main physical and mechanical properties are close to the deep-sea sediments. The computer simulation results show that the total driving force of the track improved rapidly with the increases of the grouser height and the slip rate. It keeps rising until it reaches a maximum value. And then it will maintain a steady value when the slip rate exceeds 40 %. The total driving force also improved with the increase of the ratio (slip rate/grouser height). When the grouser height is in the range of 0–15 cm, the total driving force keeps increasing gradually with the increase of the slip rate until it reached the stable state. When the grouser height is in the range of 15–30 cm, the total driving force keeps increasing to a maximum value rapidly with the increasing of slip rate first, and then keeps decreasing gradually. The greater the increase of grouser height, the faster the decrease of the total driving force.
通讯机构：
[Jiang, Ping] C;Cent S Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
关键词：
INERTIAL SENSOR;LASER;LOCALIZATION;MOBILE STATION
摘要：
To realize the precise localization of the working machinery in the paddy field, a 3-point laser localization system has been designed based on the experiments of Inertial Localization. This system is composed of the base station with the fixed distance and the moving station fixed on the carrier. The base stations mainly control the laser emission device to trace the corresponding laser receiving device, while the mobile station mainly collects the data of the sensors and calculates the position coordination. The experiment shows that the localization error is less than 10 cm on the test range of 50 meters, and the system is reliable localization.
摘要：
This paper introduces an artificial landmark self-localization method using omnidirectional vision for agricultural vehicles field road navigation. We propose a landmark model and the algorithm to track landmark and calculate the absolute location of camera based on omnidirectional image. Red and blue landmark pixels beyond the threshold were extracted as a small area and the center of gravity of the extracted small area was calculated representing the landmark position candidates. The distance between landmark and camera in the image was estimated and transformed the image distance to spatial distance using distance computational model. The absolute location of camera was calculated by circle theorems. Outdoor experiments were conducted on a flat asphalt road in the field under natural sunlight. Experimental results showed that the RMS and mean distance errors are less than 24 cm in a 20 m distance. The self-localization method is feasible.
关键词：
strain localization;locally-deformed bands;shear bands;two-phase equilibrium;granular model of sand
摘要：
In contrast to the traditional interpretation of shear bands in sand as a bifurcation problem in continuum mechanics, shear bands in sand are considered as high-strain phase (plastic phase) of sand and the materials outside the bands are still in low-strain phase (elastic phase), namely, the two phases of sand can coexist under certain condition. As a one-dimensional example, the results show that, for materials with strain-softening behavior, the two-phase solution is a stable branch of solutions, but the method to find two-phase solutions is very different from the one for bifurcation analysis. The theory of multi-phase equilibrium and the slow plastic flow model are applied to predict the formation and patterns of shear bands in sand specimens, discontinuity of deformation gradient and stress across interfaces between shear bands and other regions is considered, the continuity of displacements and traction across interfaces is imposed, and the Maxwell relation is satisfied. The governing equations are deduced. The critical stress for the formation of a shear band, both the stresses and strains inside the band and outside the band, and the inclination angle of the band can all be predicted. The predicted results are consistent with experimental measurements.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Yi] H;Hunan Chem Ind Vocat Inst, Zhuzhou 412004, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Fusarium;FT-IR spectroscopy;protein secondary structure;amide I band
摘要：
A novel method of estimating conformation of protein secondary structure within Fusarium cells under the influence of growth cultures and bodies was studies by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy combined with a deconvolution procedure of amide I band. After infrared data collection and curve-fitting process, the percentages of secondary structure components (a-helix, β-sheet, turn, random coil and β-antiparallel) were obtained. It showed structural diversity among different Fusarium species and variations caused by growth cultures and bodies. The method provides a rapidly quantitative technique to study cell structure of fungi.
