摘要：
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by unwanted, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive, ritualistic behaviors (compulsions). Findings related to the two components of inhibition, namely interference control and behavioral inhibition, among OCD patients have been inconsistent. It might be that this inconsistency is due to the heterogeneity among OCD cases representing multiple subtypes of OCD, such as autogenous obsessions and reactive obsessions types (AOs vs. ROs). AOs and ROs are distinguished by the category of their most disturbing obsessions. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine whether inhibition functions differ between AO and RO patients. We assessed interference control and behavioral inhibition with the emotional Stroop task (EST) and stop-signal task (SST), respectively, in 42 AOs, 55 ROs and 62 healthy controls (HCs) and event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in a random subset of these subjects (25 AOs, 25 ROs, and 31HCs). Results showed that in the EST, AOs exhibited longer reaction times (RTs) for color-naming positive-, negative-, and neutral valence word stimulus than both ROs and HCs, and demonstrated larger P2 and less negative N450 amplitudes than HCs and larger P3 amplitudes than ROs and HCs. In the SST, both AOs and ROs showed lengthened stop signal reaction time (SSRT) and reduced Stop-P3 amplitudes in successful inhibition (SI) trials compared to the HC group. These present findings suggest that behavioral inhibition impairment may reflect a common pathology in both the autogenous- and reactive-type OCD patients, whereas interference inhibition impairment appears to be specific to patients with autogenous obsessions. These findings strengthened the insight into the clinical heterogeneity and pathophysiology of OCD. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[He, Yushu; Ling, Yu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Educ, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wei, Yong] Cent S Univ, Sch Business, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Qi; Zhong, Mingtian; Cen, Weihong] S China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Ctr Studies Psychol Applicat, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhong, Mingtian] S;S China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Ctr Studies Psychol Applicat, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Undergraduate students;Intrinsic goals;Extrinsic goals;Stress;Depressive symptoms;Hierarchical linear model
摘要：
Background: Studies in western countries have examined the specific vulnerability hypothesis of Dykman's theory of goal-orientation predispositions to depression through two-time point designs. The purpose of this prospective longitudinal study was to investigate the moderating effects of intrinsic and extrinsic goals on stress and depressive symptoms in Chinese undergraduate students. Methods: A total of 462 undergraduate students [46 % female; mean age, 19.06 (range, 17-22) years] completed self-reported measures assessing intrinsic and extrinsic goals, depressive symptoms, and the occurrence of social and academic hassles. Every 3 months over the subsequent 12 months, the undergraduate students completed measures assessing depressive symptoms and the occurrence of daily hassles. Results: Results of hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that undergraduate students with low levels of intrinsic goals reported greater depressive symptoms following the occurrence of social and academic hassles than did those with high levels of such goals. However, undergraduate students with high levels of extrinsic goals did not report greater depressive symptoms following the occurrence of social and academic hassles than did those possessing low levels. Conclusions: These findings suggest that intrinsic goals can protect undergraduate students experiencing high levels of social and academic hassles from depressive symptoms. The study findings provide new insight into the course of depressive symptoms among undergraduate students, and offer psychologist and psychiatrists ways to protect individuals from depressive symptoms by building up intrinsic goals. � 2016 Ling et al.
期刊：
Journal of Affective Disorders,2016年198:56-63 ISSN：0165-0327
通讯作者：
Yao, Shuqiao
作者机构：
[Zhang, Xiaocui; Wang, Xiang; Yao, Shuqiao] Cent S Univ, Xiangya Hosp 2, Inst Med Psychol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Di, Xin] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Biomed Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA.;[Lei, Hui] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Educ, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Juan] Hainan Med Coll, Dept Psychol, Haikou, Hainan, Peoples R China.;[Xiao, Jing] Capital Normal Univ, Beijing Key Lab Learning & Cognit, Beijing, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yao, Shuqiao] C;Cent S Univ, Xiangya Hosp 2, Inst Med Psychol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation;Hopelessness theory;Major depression disorder;Resting state;Trait depression;fMRI
摘要：
Background: The hopelessness theory of depression posits that individuals with negative cognitive styles are at risk of developing depression following negative life events. The purpose of this work was to examine whether individuals with cognitive vulnerability to depression (CVD) exhibit similar spontaneous brain activity patterns as compared to patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: Subjects with CVD (N=32), drug-naive first-episode patients with major depressive disorder (N=32), and sex-, age- and education-matched healthy controls (HCs; N=35) were subjected to resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) and amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) was compared between the groups. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between regional ALFFs and psychometric scores, namely the Cognitive Style Questionnaire (CSQ) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale scores. Results: Significant group differences in ALFF values were observed bilaterally in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and insular cortex (IC), and in the left fusiform gyrus (FFG). Compared to HCs, CVD subjects had reduced ALFFs in the bilateral OFC and increased ALFF in the bilateral IC and the left FFG, which were similar to the differences observed between the HCs and MDD patients. Compared to MDD patients, CVD subjects showed significant reduced ALFF values in right IC. Additionally, CSQ scores for the CVD group correlated with ALFF values in the left IC. Limitations: We did not conduct a longitudinal study. Our findings were limited in cross-sectional analysis. Conclusions: A hypoactive OFC and hyperactive IC in a resting-state may underlie an imbalance in the spontaneous brain activity in orbitofrontal-insular circuits, and these differences may represent a trait-related marker of vulnerability to depression. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
This study examined core self-evaluations (CSEs) and coping styles as mediators of the relationship between social support and well-being. Participants included 722 Chinese university students who completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Core Self-Evaluations Scale, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Social support, CSEs, and positive coping were positively correlated with life satisfaction and positive affect and negatively correlated with negative affect. Negative coping was positively correlated with negative affect and negatively correlated with family support. CSEs and coping styles partially mediated the effects of social support on life satisfaction and positive affect. Furthermore, CSEs completely mediated the link between negative affect and social support. High social support improved self-evaluations; this, in turn, contributed to higher levels of wellbeing. Social support also decreased the negative effects of coping on life satisfaction and positive affect Specifically, individuals with high social support were more likely to develop more positive and less negative coping; this resulted in higher levels of life satisfaction. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the relations between these factors. Future studies should examine the mediational model using multiple methods. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
关键词：
Hope;Latent class analysis;Chinese adolescents
摘要：
Using latent class analysis, we explored the within-person configurations of hope in a sample of Chinese adolescents. A total of 1688 adolescents (801 boys and 887 girls) from Mainland China completed measures of hope, life satisfaction, self-esteem, and depression. Obvious grouping features appeared, and a model of the three latent classes was supported. The three classes of ‘high hope’, ‘average hope’, and ‘low hope’ accounted for 32%, 47.5%, and 20.5% of the variance respectively. Compared to the average- and low-hope classes, the high-hope class reported significantly higher levels of life satisfaction, self-esteem and optimism and lower levels of depression, suggesting that higher levels of hope are adaptive in non-Western cultures as well as Western ones.
摘要：
The Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS) is a semi-structured, clinical interview scale measuring insight/delusionality in problems such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The BABS is widely used, but few studies have examined its psychometric properties in OCD patients; and existing studies have small sample sizes. The present study aimed to establish a Chinese version of the BASS and assess its psychometric properties in a relatively large sample of 171 outpatients with OCD. Results showed that the internal consistency as well as the convergent and divergent validity of the Chinese version of the BABS was acceptable. The ICCs demonstrated good interrater reliability and test-retest reliability and a confirmatory factor analysis supported the original one-factor structure. Moreover, the results provided further evidence that OCD patients' insight varies widely, and that the Chinese version of the BABS could be used to assess insight/delusionality in OCD. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Yang, Xin-hua; Chan, Raymond C. K.; Huang, Jia] Chinese Acad Sci, Neuropsychol & Appl Cognit Neurosci Lab, Key Lab Mental Hlth, Inst Psychol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Xin-hua; Lan, Yong; Zhu, Cui-ying] Hunan Agr Univ, Inst Educ, Rural Children & Adolescents Res Ctr Hlth Promot, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Xiao-qun] Cent S Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Xie, Guang-rong; Wang, Ye-fei] Cent S Univ, Natl Technol Inst Psychiat, Key Lab Psychiat & Mental Hlth Hunan Prov, Mental Hlth Inst,Xiangya Hosp 2, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Cheung, Eric F. C.] Castle Peak Hosp, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chan, Raymond C. K.] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Psychol, 16 Lincui Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Effort expenditure for reward task;FMRI;Motivation;Schizophrenia
作者：
Ling, Yu;Huebner, E. Scott;Liu, Jin;Liu, Wen-Li;Zhang, Jun;...
期刊：
Personality and Individual Differences,2015年87:307-311 ISSN：0191-8869
通讯作者：
Xiao, Jing
作者机构：
[Ling, Yu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Educ, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Huebner, E. Scott] Univ S Carolina, Dept Psychol, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.;[Liu, Jin] Univ S Carolina, Dept Educ Studies, Columbia, SC 29209 USA.;[Liu, Wen-Li] Hunan Agr Univ, Oriental Inst Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Xiao, Jing; Zhang, Jun] Capital Normal Univ, Beijing Key Lab Learning & Cognit, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xiao, Jing] C;Capital Normal Univ, Beijing Key Lab Learning & Cognit, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Social support;Self-esteem;Optimism;Hope;Chinese adolescents
摘要：
We investigated the origins of individual differences in hope in adolescents based on a social-cognitive model. Specifically, we examined a mediating role for self-esteem and optimism in the relation between social support and hope. One thousand six hundred fifty four adolescents (781 boys and 873 girls) from Mainland China completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) and the Children's Hope Scale (CHS). Social support was associated positively with self-esteem, optimism and hope, and hope was associated positively with self-esteem and optimism. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that self-esteem and optimism partially mediated the relation between social support and hope, accounting for 62.7% of the effect of social support on hope. The significance and limitations of the results are discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
