期刊:
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,2025年13(2):116002 ISSN:2213-2929
通讯作者:
Zhou, N
作者机构:
[Wu, Jinmeng; Leng, Zihao; Zhang, Shun; Li, Shikai; Wen, Yujiao; Zhou, Nan; Zhou, Zhi] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Engn Res Ctr Biochar, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Jinmeng; Zhang, Shun; Wen, Yujiao; Zhou, Zhi; Zhou, Nan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Wen, Yujiao; Zhou, Nan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Leng, Zihao; Zhou, Zhonghua; Zhou, Zhi] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Li, Shikai] Cent South Univ, Inst Environm Engn, Sch Met & Environm, 932 Lushan South Rd, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Zhou, N ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Engn Res Ctr Biochar, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Catalytic degradation;Nitrogen and phosphorus doped biochar;Heteroatom co-doping;Peroxymonosulfate;Wastewater treatment;Atrazine removal
摘要:
Atrazine (ATZ), a commonly used herbicide, poses significant environmental and health risks due to its persistence in aquatic environments. This study applied peroxymonosulfate-based advanced oxidation technology using N, P-doped rice straw biochar (NP@RSBC700), prepared via one-step pyrolysis, to degrade ATZ. The biochar produced at 700 °C exhibited optimal performance due to its enhanced graphitic structure (I D /I G = 0.77) and physicochemical properties. The NP@RSBC700-activated PMS system achieved a 100 % degradation efficiency of ATZ within a short period of just 2 h. N and P doping synergistically improved active sites, including C O, P-O, graphitic N, pyridinic N, and pyrrole N, alongside a porous structure (180.75 m 2 ⋅g −1 ) and defects, demonstrating the potential of this approach in environmental remediation applications. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed three potential ATZ degradation pathways, with reduced intermediate toxicity and bioaccumulation confirming effective detoxification. Hydroponic experiments demonstrated that the biochar not only degraded ATZ efficiently but also mitigated its toxicity on plant seedlings. These findings highlight the multifunctional potential of N, P-doped biochar in PMS-based advanced oxidation processes, combining pollutant degradation with plant health protection.
Atrazine (ATZ), a commonly used herbicide, poses significant environmental and health risks due to its persistence in aquatic environments. This study applied peroxymonosulfate-based advanced oxidation technology using N, P-doped rice straw biochar (NP@RSBC700), prepared via one-step pyrolysis, to degrade ATZ. The biochar produced at 700 °C exhibited optimal performance due to its enhanced graphitic structure (I D /I G = 0.77) and physicochemical properties. The NP@RSBC700-activated PMS system achieved a 100 % degradation efficiency of ATZ within a short period of just 2 h. N and P doping synergistically improved active sites, including C O, P-O, graphitic N, pyridinic N, and pyrrole N, alongside a porous structure (180.75 m 2 ⋅g −1 ) and defects, demonstrating the potential of this approach in environmental remediation applications. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed three potential ATZ degradation pathways, with reduced intermediate toxicity and bioaccumulation confirming effective detoxification. Hydroponic experiments demonstrated that the biochar not only degraded ATZ efficiently but also mitigated its toxicity on plant seedlings. These findings highlight the multifunctional potential of N, P-doped biochar in PMS-based advanced oxidation processes, combining pollutant degradation with plant health protection.
关键词:
variety replacement;rice agronomic traits;low P stress;P distribution;P uptake efficiency
摘要:
Developing high phosphorus (P) efficient rice varieties is essential for sustainable phosphate resource conservation. This study evaluated 16 rice cultivars from four breeding eras: ancient (<1940), early conventional (1940-2000), modern conventional (2000-2020), and hybrid rice (2000-2020). Using pot experiments in low-P soil, we examined two P treatments: P0 (no P application, simulating low-P stress) and P50 (50 kg hm(-1) P application, normal P input). We systematically compared agronomic traits, P distribution patterns, and P uptake efficiency across breeding generations. The result showed that modern breeding significantly increased root biomass, shoot biomass, and grain yield while reducing plant height. Low-P stress (P0) had minimal impact on growth traits but negatively affected P uptake, particularly plant P content and accumulation patterns. Under P0 treatment, modern conventional varieties maintained a higher stem P concentration (0.47-0.65 g<middle dot>kg(-1) vs. 0.27-0.49 g<middle dot>kg(-1) in hybrid varieties; 0.47-0.65 g<middle dot>kg(-1) vs. 0.18-0.28 g<middle dot>kg(-1) in ancient varieties, p < 0.05). P allocation strategies varied significantly across breeding eras. Root P accumulation ratios decreased from ancient to modern varieties, while modern conventional rice had the highest stem P storage (24.1-30.5%), and hybrid rice allocated the largest partition of 76.4-78.1% P to grains. Additionally, P uptake efficiency and P fertilizer productivity increased by 131.09% and 91.21% (p < 0.01) from ancient to modern conventional rice, with hybrids exhibiting the highest values for both parameters. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed distinct trait clusters separating ancient, conventional, and hybrid rice based on the agronomic traits, P uptake, and rhizosphere soil parameters. Random forest analysis identified that, under low-P conditions, root P content was the strongest predictor of grain yield, whereas under normal P conditions, rhizosphere pH had the highest relationship to grain yield. These findings demonstrate that modern breeding has enhanced P adaptation through optimized root architecture and organ-specific P allocation strategies, which providing valuable insights for developing future P-efficient rice varieties.
通讯机构:
[Luo, W ; Zhou, Z ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Biomass straw;Pyrolysis;N 2 and CO 2;Biochar;Nutritional element migration
摘要:
Biochar is rich in nutrients and can be used as a soil amendment. This study analyses the migration path of nutritional elements(N/P/K) from biomass to pyrolysis products based on the synergistic pyrolysis of rice straw and chili straw under N 2 and CO 2 . Biochar's structure and nutrient elements were characterized and analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the N content of biochar decreased significantly in both pyrolysis atmospheres, and a large amount of volatilized pyrolysis gas flowed to a small part of the pyrolysis oil. In contrast, the relative contents of P and K increased. The fixation rate of nutrient elements in biochar under a CO 2 atmosphere at 500 °C was significantly higher than that under an N 2 atmosphere, and the total N/P/K increased by 50.7 %, 64.4 %, and 85.4 %, respectively. With the increasing of pyrolysis temperature, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in biochar gradually changed from organic state to inorganic state. At 700 °C and CO 2 , biochar has the best effect on inorganic enrichment of nutrient elements. Finally, this study summarized the migration and transition mechanisms of nutrients during straw pyrolysis to provide a theoretical basis for biochar nutrient recovery.
Biochar is rich in nutrients and can be used as a soil amendment. This study analyses the migration path of nutritional elements(N/P/K) from biomass to pyrolysis products based on the synergistic pyrolysis of rice straw and chili straw under N 2 and CO 2 . Biochar's structure and nutrient elements were characterized and analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the N content of biochar decreased significantly in both pyrolysis atmospheres, and a large amount of volatilized pyrolysis gas flowed to a small part of the pyrolysis oil. In contrast, the relative contents of P and K increased. The fixation rate of nutrient elements in biochar under a CO 2 atmosphere at 500 °C was significantly higher than that under an N 2 atmosphere, and the total N/P/K increased by 50.7 %, 64.4 %, and 85.4 %, respectively. With the increasing of pyrolysis temperature, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in biochar gradually changed from organic state to inorganic state. At 700 °C and CO 2 , biochar has the best effect on inorganic enrichment of nutrient elements. Finally, this study summarized the migration and transition mechanisms of nutrients during straw pyrolysis to provide a theoretical basis for biochar nutrient recovery.
摘要:
Abiotic stresses, such as extreme temperatures, drought, and salinity, significantly affect plant growth and productivity. Among these, cold stress is particularly detrimental, impairing cellular processes and leading to reduced crop yields. In recent years, stress-associated proteins (SAPs) containing A20 and AN1 zinc-finger domains have emerged as crucial regulators in plant stress responses. However, the functions of SAPs in tobacco plants remain unclear. Here, we isolated Nicotiana tabacum SAP9 (NtSAP9), whose expression was induced by cold treatment, based on RNA-sequences data. Knock down of NtSAP9 expression reduced freezing tolerance, while overexpression conferred freezing tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants, as indicated by relative electrolytic leakage and photosystem II photochemical efficiency. Untargeted metabolomics via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed distinct metabolic profiles between WT and NtSAP9-overexpressing tobacco plants under normal and low temperature conditions. Upregulation of amino acids like D-Glutamine, DL-Glutamine, and O-Acetyl-L-serine suggests NtSAP9 enhances cold tolerance. Further expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR indicated that NtSAP9 participates in cold stress response possibly through amino acid synthesis-related genes expression, such as glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase. These findings improve our understanding of SAP proteins in tobacco's response to cold stress.
Abiotic stresses, such as extreme temperatures, drought, and salinity, significantly affect plant growth and productivity. Among these, cold stress is particularly detrimental, impairing cellular processes and leading to reduced crop yields. In recent years, stress-associated proteins (SAPs) containing A20 and AN1 zinc-finger domains have emerged as crucial regulators in plant stress responses. However, the functions of SAPs in tobacco plants remain unclear. Here, we isolated Nicotiana tabacum SAP9 (NtSAP9), whose expression was induced by cold treatment, based on RNA-sequences data. Knock down of NtSAP9 expression reduced freezing tolerance, while overexpression conferred freezing tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants, as indicated by relative electrolytic leakage and photosystem II photochemical efficiency. Untargeted metabolomics via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed distinct metabolic profiles between WT and NtSAP9-overexpressing tobacco plants under normal and low temperature conditions. Upregulation of amino acids like D-Glutamine, DL-Glutamine, and O-Acetyl-L-serine suggests NtSAP9 enhances cold tolerance. Further expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR indicated that NtSAP9 participates in cold stress response possibly through amino acid synthesis-related genes expression, such as glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase. These findings improve our understanding of SAP proteins in tobacco's response to cold stress.
摘要:
With global climate warming, enhancing the heat stress tolerance of rice seeds is critical for ensuring crop yields and maintaining global food security. 2,4-Epibrassionolide (EBR) has been shown to effectively alleviate the adverse effects of heat stress on rice seed germination, but its mitigation mechanism has not been fully clarified. In this experiment, exogenous EBR was used as a seed priming agent. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble protein contents, and plant hormone levels were measured during rice seed germination under heat stress (38 °C). We constructed a cDNA library for transcriptome sequencing analysis. The results showed that exogenous EBR could effectively alleviate the effect of heat stress on rice seeds by enhancing SOD, POD, and CAT enzyme activity; reducing the MDA content; and increasing the soluble protein content. Additionally, exogenous EBR increases the levels of GA and IAA while decreasing the ABA content. According to a transcriptomic analysis, exogenous EBR can induce the expression of key genes involved in GA, IAA, and ABA hormone biosynthesis and metabolism, regulating GA-, IAA-, ABA-, and H(2)O(2)-mediated signaling pathways to promote the germination of rice seeds under heat stress. This study provides new insights into the application of rice seed priming techniques.
摘要:
Knocking out three susceptibility genes (Pi21, Bsr-d1, and Xa5) in a rice breeding line that contains the resistance Piz-t produced enhanced broad-spectrum resistance against the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae and the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae without obvious growth penalty.
摘要:
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in soils poses a critical environmental challenge, jeopardizing both agricultural productivity and food safety. The utilization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) emerges as a promising strategy for mitigating the adverse effects of heavy metal stress on plant health and development. This study investigates the effectiveness of Enterobacter hormaechei X20 in enhancing Cd tolerance in perennial ryegrass, a species renowned for its phytoremediation potential. Strain X20 demonstrated multiple PGPR traits, including phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, and siderophore secretion. Under Cd stress, X20 significantly stimulated plant growth, elevated canopy height, and preserved leaf water content. Additionally, X20 inoculation enhanced Cd uptake and reestablished ion homeostasis by augmenting Fe 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Mn 2+ levels. It also improved photosynthetic efficiency, particularly by optimizing PSII activity, and strengthened antioxidant defense, alleviating oxidative stress. Metabolomic analysis revealed significant modulations in amino acid and sugar metabolism, marked by increased in serine and glycine levels under Cd stress. Furthermore, fructose and glucose levels rose, while sucrose levels declined, reflecting metabolic reprogramming that facilitates stress adaptation. These findings suggest that Enterobacter hormaechei X20 holds great promise as a bioinoculant for enhancing phytoremediation efficiency and plant resilience in Cd-contaminated soils, providing a sustainable strategy for managing heavy metal pollution in agriculture.
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in soils poses a critical environmental challenge, jeopardizing both agricultural productivity and food safety. The utilization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) emerges as a promising strategy for mitigating the adverse effects of heavy metal stress on plant health and development. This study investigates the effectiveness of Enterobacter hormaechei X20 in enhancing Cd tolerance in perennial ryegrass, a species renowned for its phytoremediation potential. Strain X20 demonstrated multiple PGPR traits, including phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, and siderophore secretion. Under Cd stress, X20 significantly stimulated plant growth, elevated canopy height, and preserved leaf water content. Additionally, X20 inoculation enhanced Cd uptake and reestablished ion homeostasis by augmenting Fe 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Mn 2+ levels. It also improved photosynthetic efficiency, particularly by optimizing PSII activity, and strengthened antioxidant defense, alleviating oxidative stress. Metabolomic analysis revealed significant modulations in amino acid and sugar metabolism, marked by increased in serine and glycine levels under Cd stress. Furthermore, fructose and glucose levels rose, while sucrose levels declined, reflecting metabolic reprogramming that facilitates stress adaptation. These findings suggest that Enterobacter hormaechei X20 holds great promise as a bioinoculant for enhancing phytoremediation efficiency and plant resilience in Cd-contaminated soils, providing a sustainable strategy for managing heavy metal pollution in agriculture.
摘要:
Reducing cadmium (Cd) levels in rice grains through genetic improvement is an effective strategy for rice production in Cd-contaminated soils. In this study, we developed transgenic rice lines from Zhongzao39, featuring targeted expression of OsHMA3 driven by the OsYSL16 promoter. We conducted a comparative analysis to evaluate the phenotypic and physiological responses of transgenic rice lines versus wild-type (WT) plants under Cd treatment. Under 0.1, 1, and 10 μM Cd treatment conditions, transgenic rice plants exhibited a reduction of over 30 % in shoot Cd content. Notably, at 10 μM Cd treatment, Cd levels in the xylem sap of transgenic rice plants were significantly lower than those in WT plants. Additionally, shoot fresh weight and dry weight of the transgenic lines were increased by more than 60 %, while the corresponding root fresh weight and dry weight increased by 22.6–29.7 %. Furthermore, levels of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), and activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly lower in the transgenic lines compared to WT plants. Importantly, expression levels of OsCAL1 , OsIRT1 , OsIRT2 , OsNRAMP1 , and OsHMA2 in the roots of transgenic rice plants were significantly reduced compared to those in WT plants. The Cd contents in grains and leaves, as well as the transport of Cd from leaves to grains, were significantly lower in the transgenic rice plants, achieving a reduction in grain Cd content of over 70 %. Together, these results indicate that OsHMA3 expression driven by the OsYSL16 promoter effectively inhibits Cd translocation from roots to shoots and from leaves to grains, ultimately reducing Cd accumulation in grains. This provides a novel strategy for rice cultivation in Cd-contaminated soils, enhancing food safety and agricultural sustainability.
Reducing cadmium (Cd) levels in rice grains through genetic improvement is an effective strategy for rice production in Cd-contaminated soils. In this study, we developed transgenic rice lines from Zhongzao39, featuring targeted expression of OsHMA3 driven by the OsYSL16 promoter. We conducted a comparative analysis to evaluate the phenotypic and physiological responses of transgenic rice lines versus wild-type (WT) plants under Cd treatment. Under 0.1, 1, and 10 μM Cd treatment conditions, transgenic rice plants exhibited a reduction of over 30 % in shoot Cd content. Notably, at 10 μM Cd treatment, Cd levels in the xylem sap of transgenic rice plants were significantly lower than those in WT plants. Additionally, shoot fresh weight and dry weight of the transgenic lines were increased by more than 60 %, while the corresponding root fresh weight and dry weight increased by 22.6–29.7 %. Furthermore, levels of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), and activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly lower in the transgenic lines compared to WT plants. Importantly, expression levels of OsCAL1 , OsIRT1 , OsIRT2 , OsNRAMP1 , and OsHMA2 in the roots of transgenic rice plants were significantly reduced compared to those in WT plants. The Cd contents in grains and leaves, as well as the transport of Cd from leaves to grains, were significantly lower in the transgenic rice plants, achieving a reduction in grain Cd content of over 70 %. Together, these results indicate that OsHMA3 expression driven by the OsYSL16 promoter effectively inhibits Cd translocation from roots to shoots and from leaves to grains, ultimately reducing Cd accumulation in grains. This provides a novel strategy for rice cultivation in Cd-contaminated soils, enhancing food safety and agricultural sustainability.
作者机构:
College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Xie, Yu; Yi, Cheng] School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;Hunan Engineering Research Center for Biochar, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Changsha 410125, China;[Chen, Zhaoguang; Yao, Lingling; Li, Bo] School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Research Center for Biochar, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构:
[Zhi Zhou] S;School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Research Center for Biochar, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Changsha 410125, China
摘要:
Catalytic pyrolysis can transform organic solid waste into high-quality pyrolysis products, in which N-doped biochar is an efficient and economical catalyst. Herein, N-doped activated carbon (NAC) and modified biochar (NZC) loaded with bimetal NiX (X = Fe, Co, Cu) were used to catalyze the pyrolysis of Chinese medicinal drug residue and polypropylene in a two-stage reaction system to prepare three-phase products and carbon nanotubes. This indicates that the metal/NAC group catalysts possess a larger S BET , whereas the metal/NZC group has better thermal stability. Under NiCo/NZC catalysis, the abundant yield of short-chain carbon C6-C11(49 %) and aromatic hydrocarbons (39.5 %) suggests strong arylation and secondary cracking capabilities. N-doping improved the surface functional group richness of the catalyst, while the bimetal provided more active electrons, which promoted the generation of carbon nanotubes in the late stage of the pyrolysis process. N-doped carbon-based catalysts loaded with metals exhibit an improved catalytic effect, which is conducive to the promotion and application of N-doped catalysts.
Catalytic pyrolysis can transform organic solid waste into high-quality pyrolysis products, in which N-doped biochar is an efficient and economical catalyst. Herein, N-doped activated carbon (NAC) and modified biochar (NZC) loaded with bimetal NiX (X = Fe, Co, Cu) were used to catalyze the pyrolysis of Chinese medicinal drug residue and polypropylene in a two-stage reaction system to prepare three-phase products and carbon nanotubes. This indicates that the metal/NAC group catalysts possess a larger S BET , whereas the metal/NZC group has better thermal stability. Under NiCo/NZC catalysis, the abundant yield of short-chain carbon C6-C11(49 %) and aromatic hydrocarbons (39.5 %) suggests strong arylation and secondary cracking capabilities. N-doping improved the surface functional group richness of the catalyst, while the bimetal provided more active electrons, which promoted the generation of carbon nanotubes in the late stage of the pyrolysis process. N-doped carbon-based catalysts loaded with metals exhibit an improved catalytic effect, which is conducive to the promotion and application of N-doped catalysts.
通讯机构:
[Duan, MJ ; Liu, CT ; Duan, MJ; Yuan, DY ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Womens Univ, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Hybrid Rice Res Ctr, State Key Lab Hybrid Rice, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Indica hybrid rice;Cold-tolerance;Reactive oxygen species (ROS);Northward expansion
摘要:
Cold tolerance is essential for rice cultivation in northern regions, where low temperatures limit yield potential. This study explores the cold tolerance mechanisms in Liyouyuchi (LYYC), an indica hybrid rice developed by crossing Ruifeng S with R1053, LYYC demonstrated superior cold tolerance, outperforming local varieties with a 16.5 % yield increase in Harbin and a yield of 12.35 t/ha in Jilin in 2023. Under cold stress, LYYC exhibited a lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and significantly higher survival rate compared to its parental lines. Genetic analysis identifies several key loci associated with cold tolerance in LYYC, including beneficial allelic variants in GSTZ2 , COG1 , qCTB7 and Ctb1 . Notably, GSTZ2 and Ctb1 exhibited high parent heterosis, while qCTB7 displayed extreme parent heterosis under cold stress, with expression levels significantly higher than both the paternal and maternal lines. The favorable allelic variations in these genes position LYYC as a promising resource for breeding cold-resistant rice varieties. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms of cold tolerance, contributing to the development of rice cultivars better adapted to northern climates and cold-induced stress.
Cold tolerance is essential for rice cultivation in northern regions, where low temperatures limit yield potential. This study explores the cold tolerance mechanisms in Liyouyuchi (LYYC), an indica hybrid rice developed by crossing Ruifeng S with R1053, LYYC demonstrated superior cold tolerance, outperforming local varieties with a 16.5 % yield increase in Harbin and a yield of 12.35 t/ha in Jilin in 2023. Under cold stress, LYYC exhibited a lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and significantly higher survival rate compared to its parental lines. Genetic analysis identifies several key loci associated with cold tolerance in LYYC, including beneficial allelic variants in GSTZ2 , COG1 , qCTB7 and Ctb1 . Notably, GSTZ2 and Ctb1 exhibited high parent heterosis, while qCTB7 displayed extreme parent heterosis under cold stress, with expression levels significantly higher than both the paternal and maternal lines. The favorable allelic variations in these genes position LYYC as a promising resource for breeding cold-resistant rice varieties. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms of cold tolerance, contributing to the development of rice cultivars better adapted to northern climates and cold-induced stress.
作者机构:
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress Biology, College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128 Hunan, China;Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128 Hunan, China;[Dingyang Yuan] State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410128 Hunan, China;Hunan Women’s University, Changsha 410128 Hunan, China;Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
通讯机构:
[Meijuan Duan; Nenghui Ye] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress Biology, College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128 Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128 Hunan, China<&wdkj&>School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shati 999077, Hong Kong, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128 Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress Biology, College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128 Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Women’s University, Changsha 410128 Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128 Hunan, China
摘要:
Low-temperature (LT) stress is a significant abiotic stress in rice growth, especially under direct seeding cultivation, where low temperatures can significantly affect seed germination and seedling growth of direct-seeded rice, thereby impacting the final yield of rice. In this study, we have identified a trehalose synthesis pathway gene, trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase 3 (O sTPP3 ), involved in the regulation of low-temperature (LT) germination in rice, as well as its upstream regulatory factor, the ABA signaling pathway gene OsbZIP23 . LT stress induced the accumulation of ABA by upregulating the expression of OsNCED 3. Consistently, the overexpression of OsNCED3 significantly inhibited seed germination under LT. RT-qPCR experiments found that the expression of OsbZIP23 was also significantly induced under LT stress and ABA treatment. Overexpression of OsbZIP23 has increased the sensitivity to LT stress of rice seed, resembling the phenotype of OsNCED3 overexpressing seeds. Furthermore, both LT stress and exogenous ABA treatment increased the trehalose content in WT seeds by upregulating the expression of OsTPP3 . Enhancing the expression of OsTPP3 or application of exogenous trehalose have significantly increased the sensitivity to LT stress during seed germination. Transcriptional activation and yeast one-hybrid assays demonstrated that OsbZIP23 bound to the promoter of OsTPP3 and activated its expression, which was intensified by LT stress or the application of ABA. Our study discovered an ABA-dependent OsbZIP23 – OsTPP3 module that responds to LT stress, inhibiting seed germination under LT conditions by increasing trehalose accumulation, thus might balancing the growth and stress resistance, and providing a new insight into the genetic improvement of rice cultivars with better LT germination performance.
Low-temperature (LT) stress is a significant abiotic stress in rice growth, especially under direct seeding cultivation, where low temperatures can significantly affect seed germination and seedling growth of direct-seeded rice, thereby impacting the final yield of rice. In this study, we have identified a trehalose synthesis pathway gene, trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase 3 (O sTPP3 ), involved in the regulation of low-temperature (LT) germination in rice, as well as its upstream regulatory factor, the ABA signaling pathway gene OsbZIP23 . LT stress induced the accumulation of ABA by upregulating the expression of OsNCED 3. Consistently, the overexpression of OsNCED3 significantly inhibited seed germination under LT. RT-qPCR experiments found that the expression of OsbZIP23 was also significantly induced under LT stress and ABA treatment. Overexpression of OsbZIP23 has increased the sensitivity to LT stress of rice seed, resembling the phenotype of OsNCED3 overexpressing seeds. Furthermore, both LT stress and exogenous ABA treatment increased the trehalose content in WT seeds by upregulating the expression of OsTPP3 . Enhancing the expression of OsTPP3 or application of exogenous trehalose have significantly increased the sensitivity to LT stress during seed germination. Transcriptional activation and yeast one-hybrid assays demonstrated that OsbZIP23 bound to the promoter of OsTPP3 and activated its expression, which was intensified by LT stress or the application of ABA. Our study discovered an ABA-dependent OsbZIP23 – OsTPP3 module that responds to LT stress, inhibiting seed germination under LT conditions by increasing trehalose accumulation, thus might balancing the growth and stress resistance, and providing a new insight into the genetic improvement of rice cultivars with better LT germination performance.
摘要:
Heat stress is one of the most critical environmental factors impacting rice cultivation, driven by the rising global temperatures. Therefore, understanding the differences in molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance between rice cultivars, particularly indica and japonica, is crucial for developing heat-tolerant varieties. In this study, high throughput RNA-sequencing technology was utilized to explore the transcriptomic changes in the root tissues of two rice varieties, 93-11 (indica) and ZH11 (japonica) under heat stress and during recovery. Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) analysis revealed that ZH11 had 14,719 DEGs after the two-day heat treatment, and 10,178 DEGs during the recovery process. In contrast, 93-11 had a lower number of DEGs than ZH11 in both the heat treatment and recovery phases, with 12,433 DEGs and 5,986 DEGs, respectively. The GO and KEGG analyses showed that the two rice varieties shared several enriched pathways in response to heat stress. However, each cultivar also had its own uniquely enriched pathways, reflecting distinct responses to heat stress in ZH11 and 93-11. In addition, WGCNA analysis highlighted that the OsMAPK3 is novel hub gene in response to heat stress in rice. Knockout of OsMAPK3 compromises rice heat stress tolerance. These results provide new insights into the differences in molecular mechanisms of heat stress response in roots between indica and japonica rice cultivars, offering valuable targets for genetic improvement and breeding programs aimed at developing heat-tolerant rice varieties.
Heat stress is one of the most critical environmental factors impacting rice cultivation, driven by the rising global temperatures. Therefore, understanding the differences in molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance between rice cultivars, particularly indica and japonica, is crucial for developing heat-tolerant varieties. In this study, high throughput RNA-sequencing technology was utilized to explore the transcriptomic changes in the root tissues of two rice varieties, 93-11 (indica) and ZH11 (japonica) under heat stress and during recovery. Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) analysis revealed that ZH11 had 14,719 DEGs after the two-day heat treatment, and 10,178 DEGs during the recovery process. In contrast, 93-11 had a lower number of DEGs than ZH11 in both the heat treatment and recovery phases, with 12,433 DEGs and 5,986 DEGs, respectively. The GO and KEGG analyses showed that the two rice varieties shared several enriched pathways in response to heat stress. However, each cultivar also had its own uniquely enriched pathways, reflecting distinct responses to heat stress in ZH11 and 93-11. In addition, WGCNA analysis highlighted that the OsMAPK3 is novel hub gene in response to heat stress in rice. Knockout of OsMAPK3 compromises rice heat stress tolerance. These results provide new insights into the differences in molecular mechanisms of heat stress response in roots between indica and japonica rice cultivars, offering valuable targets for genetic improvement and breeding programs aimed at developing heat-tolerant rice varieties.
摘要:
Aristolochic acid (AA) has strong carcinogenicity, and it has been reported that the medicinal and edible plant Houttuynia cordata may contain AA. Among transition metals, nickel and iron have outstanding catalytic ability for nitro reduction. The multivalent NiFe 2 O 4 (NFO), which effectively promotes the redox reaction, has become a promising electrochemical material. In this work, we innovatively used a one-pot hydrothermal method to prepare NFO in situ on the surface of carbon nanotubes. For the first time, the composite NiFe 2 O 4 @MWCNTs (NFO@CNTs) was utilized to build a sensitive electrochemical sensor for detecting AA. The NFO@CNTs/GCE exhibited strong electrochemical performance due to the synergistic effect of high catalytic activity of NFO and good conductivity of carbon nanotubes. Furthermore, in order to provide a basis for the safe use of Houttuynia cordata , the electrochemical senor was successfully applied to detect AA in Chinese herbal medicines, confirming its practicability in real samples. This work broadens the application of nickel ferrite, which is expected to be a new candidate material for sensors.
摘要:
The ubiquitination and degradation of proteins are widely involved in plant biotic and abiotic stress responses. E3 ubiquitin ligases play an important role in the ubiquitination of specific proteins. In this study, we identified the function of a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase gene OsPUB57 in rice. Expression analyses revealed that OsPUB57 was mainly expressed in the aboveground part of rice. Drought, salt, cold, JA (jasmonic acid), PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) or Magnaportheoryzae treatment could significantly suppress the expression of OsPUB57 in rice. Compared with wild-type plants, OsPUB57-overexpressing plants showed a decrease in resistance to M. oryzae, while the mutant plants exhibited an enhancement of M. oryzae resistance. The expression level detection indicated that OsPUB57 negatively regulates rice blast resistance, probably by down-regulating the expression of the defense-related genes OsPR1a and OsAOS2. This study provides a candidate gene for the genetic improvement of rice blast resistance.
摘要:
The valorization of agricultural residues, particularly corn stover, represents a sustainable approach for resource utilization and protein production in which high-performing microbial strains are essential. This study systematically evaluated fungal lignocellulolytic capabilities during corn stover solid-state fermentation and employed atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis to enhance the degradative capacity of Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Comparative screening revealed that T. longibrachiatum exhibited superior comprehensive degradation of the major lignocellulosic components compared to other tested strains. ARTP mutagenesis yielded mutant strain TL-MU07, which displayed significantly enhanced enzymatic capabilities with improvements in FPase (22.1%), CMCase (10.1%), and xylanase (16.1%) activities, resulting in increased cellulose degradation (14.6%) and protein accumulation (14.7%). Proteomic analysis revealed 289 significantly differentially expressed proteins, with pathway enrichment demonstrating enhancement of glycosaminoglycan degradation, amino sugar metabolism, and membrane remodeling. Key mechanistic adaptations included downregulation of Zn(2)-C6 transcriptional repressors, upregulation of detoxification enzymes (ALDH-like proteins), and enhanced secretory pathway components. The ARTP-derived mutant strain TL-MU07 represents a valuable microbial resource for agricultural waste bioconversion, offering enhanced lignocellulolytic capabilities for industrial applications while elucidating specific proteomic changes associated with improved biomass degradation efficiency for sustainable protein production in the circular bioeconomy.
摘要:
Cytokinins (CKs) play important functions in plant growth and development and in response to adversity stress. However, little is known about the role CK plays in rice grain quality. We hypothesized that exogenous cytokinins could improve rice grain quality by regulating physiological traits and genes related to starch synthesis. Therefore, we exogenously applied different concentrations of kinetin (KT), an exogenous CK, during the grain-filling period. Our results show that all the different concentrations of exogenous KT treatments resulted in a significant increase in thousand-grain weight. In particular, chalkiness and chalky grain rate were significantly reduced, and gel consistency (GC) content and alkali spreading value (ASV) were significantly increased in 10(-8) M KT treatment. Meanwhile, the exogenous application of 10(-8) M KT positively affected the transcription of some starch synthesis-related genes, which was in contrast to the 10(-5) M KT treatment. In conclusion, the exogenous application of appropriate concentrations of KT during the grain-filling period can ultimately affect rice grain quality by regulating the changes in the relevant indicators, such as appearance quality (AQ) and eating and cooking qualities (ECQ).
期刊:
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2025年26(10):4954- ISSN:1422-0067
通讯作者:
Bohan Liu
作者机构:
[Fankai Zhao; Meihe Jiang; Yingjiang Li] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China;Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.;[Qiong Luo; Lei Liu; Aohuan Yang] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China;[Bohan Liu] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
通讯机构:
[Bohan Liu] C;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要:
Drought represents a prevalent abiotic stress in terrestrial plants, frequently impairing crop growth and yield. In this paper, we characterized the functional role of OsNAC25, a member of the NAC transcription factor family, in drought tolerance. OsNAC25 was predominantly localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, with its expression being markedly induced under drought conditions. Under severe drought stress, the overexpression of OsNAC25 rice exhibited decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, attenuated oxidative damage, and improved survival rate during the vegetative growth stage. The transcriptome analysis revealed that OsNAC25 coordinates drought response through key pathways associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and diterpenoid biosynthesis. Collectively, our findings highlight OsNAC25 as a pivotal transcriptional regulator governing drought resistance in rice. This study not only provides a candidate gene for improving drought tolerance in rice but also offers valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying drought adaptation in cereal crops.
作者机构:
[Shuai Yuan; Pingping Chen; Songyuan Guo; Hongmei Liu; Zhenxie Yi] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Wenxin Zhou] College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Xiaoping Xiao; Haiming Tang] Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;[Kaikai Cheng] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
摘要:
Tillage practices alter the interaction between soil and rice straw, impacting soil quality and cadmium (Cd) dynamics. However, the effects of tillage and straw management strategies on soil Cd accumulation and rice uptake remain unclear. This study investigated how tillage and straw practices influence rice Cd uptake by altering soil Cd mobility and bioavailability. A long-term field experiment was conducted with four treatments: no-tillage with straw return on the soil surface (NTS), rotary tillage with straw incorporate (RTS), plow tillage with straw incorporate (PTS), and plow tillage with straw removed (PT). Results showed that Cd concentrations in rice organs (root, stem, leaf and rice grain) decreased in the order NTS>RTS>PTS, with only PTS maintaining grain Cd levels below 0.2 mg kg -1 ;. Compared with NTS and RTS, the average Cd concentrations in rice grain under PTS were significantly reduced by 56.76 and 25.88%, respectively. A partial least squares path model indicated that reductions in available Cd (Avail-Cd) and acid-soluble Cd (Aci-Cd), combined with iron plaque (IP) formation on the roots, were key factors in lowering rice Cd levels. PTS reduced Avail-Cd and Aci-Cd by decreasing soil bulk density, increasing soil organic matter, pH, and the abundances of Nitrospirota and Bacteroidota. Moreover, PTS enhanced soil nutrient and Fe 2+ levels, promoted IP formation on rice roots through improved root morphology and antioxidant activity, and limited Cd uptake. Although PTS increased total and available soil Cd compared to PT, its promotion of IP formation mitigated rice Cd uptake, resulting in comparable grain Cd concentrations between the two. Thus, long-term plow tillage with straw incorporate emerges as a sustainable practice to enhance soil quality and reduce Cd uptake in rice cropping system.
Tillage practices alter the interaction between soil and rice straw, impacting soil quality and cadmium (Cd) dynamics. However, the effects of tillage and straw management strategies on soil Cd accumulation and rice uptake remain unclear. This study investigated how tillage and straw practices influence rice Cd uptake by altering soil Cd mobility and bioavailability. A long-term field experiment was conducted with four treatments: no-tillage with straw return on the soil surface (NTS), rotary tillage with straw incorporate (RTS), plow tillage with straw incorporate (PTS), and plow tillage with straw removed (PT). Results showed that Cd concentrations in rice organs (root, stem, leaf and rice grain) decreased in the order NTS>RTS>PTS, with only PTS maintaining grain Cd levels below 0.2 mg kg -1 ;. Compared with NTS and RTS, the average Cd concentrations in rice grain under PTS were significantly reduced by 56.76 and 25.88%, respectively. A partial least squares path model indicated that reductions in available Cd (Avail-Cd) and acid-soluble Cd (Aci-Cd), combined with iron plaque (IP) formation on the roots, were key factors in lowering rice Cd levels. PTS reduced Avail-Cd and Aci-Cd by decreasing soil bulk density, increasing soil organic matter, pH, and the abundances of Nitrospirota and Bacteroidota. Moreover, PTS enhanced soil nutrient and Fe 2+ levels, promoted IP formation on rice roots through improved root morphology and antioxidant activity, and limited Cd uptake. Although PTS increased total and available soil Cd compared to PT, its promotion of IP formation mitigated rice Cd uptake, resulting in comparable grain Cd concentrations between the two. Thus, long-term plow tillage with straw incorporate emerges as a sustainable practice to enhance soil quality and reduce Cd uptake in rice cropping system.
摘要:
Ratoon rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is a sustainable planting model, and its planting area has been increasing year by year. However, there is a lack of literature reviewing the measures and mechanisms to regulate the regeneration rate, as well as the challenges in the production of ratoon rice. This study explores the effects of different varieties, climatic conditions (light and temperature), and cultivation measures (fertilizer management, cropping system, harvest method, water management, and plant growth regulators) on the regeneration rate and grain yield of the ratoon season. It summarizes and analyzes the possible mechanisms that affect the germination of regenerated buds from the perspectives of material accumulation and transportation, hormone metabolism, and molecular mechanisms, and identifies main factors currently limiting the development of ratoon rice. A significant positive correlation between the regeneration rate and grain yield of the ratoon season was found, regulated by varieties, temperatures, light resources, and cultivation measures. Improving the regeneration rate can effectively increase the production of ratoon rice. Notably, rice varieties with high regeneration ability exhibit characteristics such as a suitable growth period, a developed root system, high single-stem weight, a relatively small ratio of grain number to green leaf area, and strong lodging resistance in the main season. Additionally, the germination of regenerated buds is regulated by the accumulation and transport of endogenous hormones (indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellins, and cytokinins), photoassimilates (non-structural carbohydrates), and reactive oxygen metabolism. To further demonstrate the grain yield potential of the ratoon season, improvements are needed in three key areas: the cultivation system of low-stubble ratoon rice, the development of specialized harvesters, and the breeding of rice varieties with high-temperature tolerance during the main crop and low-temperature tolerance during the ratoon crop.
Ratoon rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is a sustainable planting model, and its planting area has been increasing year by year. However, there is a lack of literature reviewing the measures and mechanisms to regulate the regeneration rate, as well as the challenges in the production of ratoon rice. This study explores the effects of different varieties, climatic conditions (light and temperature), and cultivation measures (fertilizer management, cropping system, harvest method, water management, and plant growth regulators) on the regeneration rate and grain yield of the ratoon season. It summarizes and analyzes the possible mechanisms that affect the germination of regenerated buds from the perspectives of material accumulation and transportation, hormone metabolism, and molecular mechanisms, and identifies main factors currently limiting the development of ratoon rice. A significant positive correlation between the regeneration rate and grain yield of the ratoon season was found, regulated by varieties, temperatures, light resources, and cultivation measures. Improving the regeneration rate can effectively increase the production of ratoon rice. Notably, rice varieties with high regeneration ability exhibit characteristics such as a suitable growth period, a developed root system, high single-stem weight, a relatively small ratio of grain number to green leaf area, and strong lodging resistance in the main season. Additionally, the germination of regenerated buds is regulated by the accumulation and transport of endogenous hormones (indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellins, and cytokinins), photoassimilates (non-structural carbohydrates), and reactive oxygen metabolism. To further demonstrate the grain yield potential of the ratoon season, improvements are needed in three key areas: the cultivation system of low-stubble ratoon rice, the development of specialized harvesters, and the breeding of rice varieties with high-temperature tolerance during the main crop and low-temperature tolerance during the ratoon crop.