通讯机构：
[Jian Zhao] S;State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
Stomata perform important functions in plant photosynthesis, respiration, gas exchange, and interactions with environments. However, tea plant stomata development and functions are not known. Here, we show morphological changes during stomata development and genetic dissection of stomata lineage genes regulating stomata formation in tea developing leaves. Different tea plant cultivars displayed clear variations in the stomata development rate, density and size, which are closely related to their tolerance against dehydration capabilities. Whole sets of stomata lineage genes were identified to display predicted functions in regulating stomatal development and formation. The stomata development and lineage genes were tightly regulated by light intensities and high or low temperature stresses, which affected stomata density and function. Furthermore, lower stomatal density and larger size were observed in triploid tea varieties as compared to those in diploid plant. Key stomata lineage genes such as CsSPCHs, CsSCRM, and CsFAMA showed much lower expression levels, whereas negative regulators CsEPF1 and CsYODAs had higher expression levels in triploid than in diploid tea varieties. Our study provides new insight into tea plant stomatal morphological development and the genetic regulatory mechanisms on stomata development under abiotic stresses and genetic backgrounds. The study lays a foundation for future exploring of the genetic improvement of water use efficiency in tea plants for living up to the challenge of global climate change.
摘要：
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Tibetan tea is a kind of dark tea, due to the inherent complexity of natural products, the chemical composition and beneficial effects of Tibetan tea are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to unravel the composition of Tibetan tea using knowledge-guided multilayer network (KGMN) techniques and explore its potential antioxidant and hypolipidemic mechanisms in mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: The C57BL/6J mice were continuously gavaged with Tibetan tea extract (T group), green tea extract (G group) and ddH(2)O (H group) for 15 days. The activity of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mice was detected. Transcriptome sequencing technology was used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects of Tibetan tea in mice. Furthermore, the expression levels of liver antioxidant and lipid metabolism related genes in various groups were detected by the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. RESULTS: The results showed that a total of 42 flavonoids are provisionally annotated in Tibetan tea using KGMN strategies. Tibetan tea significantly reduced body weight gain and increased T-AOC and SOD activities in mice compared with the H group. Based on the results of transcriptome and qPCR, it was confirmed that Tibetan tea could play a key role in antioxidant and lipid lowering by regulating oxidative stress and lipid metabolism related pathways such as insulin resistance, P53 signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, fatty acid elongation and fatty acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: This study was the first to use computational tools to deeply explore the composition of Tibetan tea and revealed its potential antioxidant and hypolipidemic mechanisms, and it provides new insights into the composition and bioactivity of Tibetan tea.
通讯机构：
[Jian-an Huang; Zhong-hua Liu] K;Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education;National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients;Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients;Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
Soybean is an important oilseed crop that is used as a feed for livestock and has several industrial uses. Lipid biosynthesis and accumulation primarily occur during seed development in plants. This process is regulated by several transcription factors and interconnected biochemical pathways. This study investigated the role of glycine max LEAFY COTYLEDON 1 (GmLEC1) in soybean seed development and the accumulation of storage reserves. The overexpression of GmLEC1 significantly increased the amount of triacylglycerol (TAG) in transgenic Arabidopsis seeds compared to the wild-type and an atlec1 mutant. Similarly, the high expression of GmLEC1 led to a 12% increase in TAG content in transgenic soybean hairy roots compared to the control. GmLEC1 also altered the fatty acid composition in transgenic Arabidopsis seeds and soybean hairy roots. Additionally, the overexpression of GmLEC1 resulted in a reduction in starch accumulation in seeds and vegetative tissues, as well as changes in cotyledon and seed morphology. The cotyledons of the atlec1 mutant displayed abnormal trichome development, and the seeds were smaller and less tolerant to desiccation. A complementation assay in Arabidopsis restored normal cotyledon phenotype and seed size. The main downstream targets of LEC1 are GL2 and WRI1, which were found to participate in fatty acid biosynthesis and trichome formation through the regulation of phytohormones and various transcription factors involved in seed development and maturation. The findings of this study suggest that GmLEC1 controls seed development and regulates the accumulation of seed storage compounds. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that GmLEC1 could be a reliable target for the genetic improvement of oil biosynthesis in soybean.
摘要：
Pepper is among the most economically important solanaceous vegetable crops worldwide. The shape and spatial distribution of leaves affect the light energy use efficiency of the plant, which strongly affects the yield and quality of pepper fruit. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying pepper leaf development are unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the CaSRM1 gene regulates pepper leaf morphology. Virus-induced gene silencing was used to reveal that silencing of CaSRM1 caused development of uneven leaf margins and curling of pepper leaves. Overexpression of CaSRM1 in tomato led to leaf morphological defects, but was accompanied by improved vegetative growth and larger fruit. The expression level of CaSRM1 in mature tissues was higher than that in young tissues of pepper plant, and its expression was induced by auxin. Analysis of phytohormone contents and expression of leaf shape-related genes revealed that the auxin content showed an opposite trend to CaSRM1 expression, and certain leaf shape-related genes were affected by CaSRM1 expression, especially auxin-related genes. The results provide important information for functional research on other SRM1 genes and offer a novel perspective to the mechanism of plant leaf and fruit development.
摘要：
Curvularia trifolii is an important pathogenic fungus that causes leaf spot disease in strawberry and other crops. Increased resistance in pathogenic fungi against chemical fungicides necessitates the search for biological alternatives to control plant fungal diseases. The present study aimed to perform transcriptome and metabolome analysis of C. trifolii fungi. We evaluated the potential of an alkaloid, namely alpha (alpha)-solanine, to inhibit the growth of Curvularia under in vitro conditions. Furthermore, transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of treated C. trifolii was performed to identify the differential genes and metabolites. Results revealed that treatment with alpha-solanine resulted in the poor growth and development of fungal spores. The transcriptome analysis revealed that 1413 genes were differentially expressed (DEGs), among which 340 unigenes were up-regulated, 100 unigenes were down-regulated, and the rest were unaffected in treated samples. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the majority of the genes were related to oxidative stress in the fungus. Additionally, using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we identified 455 metabolites, among which the majority of metabolites were related to lipid biosynthesis. The high number of genes related to lipid biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species revealed that alpha-solanine causes oxidative stress in Curvularia, leading to growth inhibition, and can be potentially used as an alternative to chemical fungicides.
通讯机构：
[Ying Lu; Qi Tang] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization Ingredients from Botanicals, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
关键词：
Kadsura coccinea fruit extract;immunity;meat quality;intestinal flora;antioxidant
摘要：
Simple Summary Kadsura coccinea was planted in large quantities in south China in recent years, and its functions and effects need to be further studied and discovered. We had previously found that Kadsura coccinea fruit extract has anti-diarrhea effects on mice, so we want to explore its influence on broiler breeding. The result showed that added 200 mg/kg Kadsura coccinea fruit extract to basic feed can replace traditional antibiotics as a growth promoter. It can improve the growth, slaughter performance, and antioxidant and regulate intestinal microorganisms of broilers, which indicated that the Kadsura coccinea fruit extract is feasible as a feed additive. This study aimed to determine whether adding Kadsura coccinea fruit extract to the diet of broilers could replace antibiotics. For this study, 300 one-day-old AA white feathered broilers were divided into five groups (no sex separated), with six repetitions per group (n = 10), as follows: blank control group (basal feed, CK group), positive drug (basal feed + 300 mg/kg aureomycin, PD group), and Kadsura coccinea low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose groups (basal feed + 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg of Kadsura coccinea fruit extract, LD group, MD group and HD group). The experiment period was divided into early (1-21 days) and late (22-42 days) stage. We found that supplementation with Kadsura coccinea fruit extract in the diet significantly improved the growth performance of broilers (p < 0.05), reduced the feed to meat ratio (p < 0.05), reduced the fat percentage (p < 0.05), while had no significant effect on meat quality (p > 0.05) and Kadsura coccinea fruit extract could promote the development of immune organs to different extents, enhance antioxidant capacity, the contents of SOD and GSH-Px in serum were significantly increased (p < 0.05), improve the ratio of villus height to crypt depth. Finally, Kadsura coccinea fruit extract increased the relative abundance of probiotics and beneficial bacteria (Bacteroidales, NK4A214, Subdoligranulum and Eubacterium hallii) (p < 0.05) and reduced the relative abundance of harmful bacteria (Erysipelatoclostridium) (p < 0.05) in the gut of broilers. Compared with positive drug group, most of the indexes in the medium-dose group were better or had similar effects. We believe that Kadsura coccinea fruit extract can be used as a potential natural antibiotic substitute in livestock and poultry breeding programs.
关键词：
Fluoride;Exacerbation of obesity;Intestinal barrier permeability;Gut microbiota;Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum
摘要：
Introduction: Fluoride is widely presented in drinking water and foods. A strong relation between fluoride exposure and obesity has been reported. However, the potential mechanisms on fluoride-induced obesity remain unexplored. Objectives and methods The effects of fluoride on the obesity were investigated using mice model. Furthermore, the role of gut homeostasis in exacerbation of the obesity induced by fluoride was evaluated. Results The results showed that fluoride alone did not induce obesity in normal diet (ND) fed mice, whereas, it could trigger exacerbation of obesity in high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice. Fluoride impaired intestinal barrier and activated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling to induce obesity, which was further verified in TLR4(-/-) mice. Furthermore, fluoride could deteriorate the gut microbiota in HFD mice. The fecal micro biota transplantation from fluoride-induced mice was sufficient to induce obesity, while the exacerbation of obesity by fluoride was blocked upon gut microbiota depletion. The fluoride-induced bloom of Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum was responsible for exacerbation of obesity. In addition, a potential strategy for prevention of fluoride-induced obesity was proposed by intervention with polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea. Conclusion Overall, these results provide the first evidence of a comprehensive cross-talk mechanism between fluoride and obesity in HFD fed mice, which is mediated by gut microbiota and intestinal barrier. E. ramosum was identified as a crucial mediator of fluoride induced obesity, which could be explored as potential target for prevention and treatment of obesity with exciting translational value. (c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Cairo University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
关键词：
Raw dark tea;Metabolomics;Microbiome;Storage;Relative humidity
摘要：
Raw dark tea (RDT) usually needs to be stored for a long time to improve its quality under suitable relative humidity (RH). However, the impact of RH on tea quality is unclear. In this study, we investigated the metabolites and microbial diversity, and evaluated the sensory quality of RDT stored under three RH conditions (1%, 57%, and 88%). UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis identified 144 metabolites, including catechins, flavonols, phenolic acids, amino acids, and organic acids. 57% RH led to higher levels of O-methylated catechin derivatives, polymerized catechins, and flavonols/flavones when compared to 1% and 88% RH. The best score in sensory evaluation was also obtained by 57% RH. Aspergillus, Gluconobacter, Kluyvera, and Pantoea were identified as the core functional microorganisms in RDT under different RH storage conditions. Overall, the findings provided new insights into the variation of microbial communities and chemical components under different RH storage conditions.
摘要：
The ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3-LIKE (EIL) family is one of the most important transcription factor (TF) families in plants and is involved in diverse plant physiological and biochemical processes. In this study, ten EIL transcription factors (CsEILs) in sweet orange were systematically characterized via whole-genome analysis. The CsEIL genes were unevenly distributed across the four sweet orange chromosomes. Putative cis-acting regulatory elements (CREs) associated with CsEIL were found to be involved in plant development, as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Notably, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that CsEIL genes were widely expressed in different organs of sweet orange and responded to both high and low temperature, NaCl treatment, and to ethylene-dependent induction of transcription, while eight additionally responded to Xanthomonas citri pv. Citri (Xcc) infection, which causes citrus canker. Among these, CsEIL2, CsEIL5 and CsEIL10 showed pronounced upregulation. Moreover, nine genes exhibited differential expression in response to Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) infection, which causes Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB). The genome-wide characterization and expression profile analysis of CsEIL genes provide insights into the potential functions of the CsEIL family in disease resistance.
摘要：
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) remains a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Tea polyphenols (TPs) possess strong antioxidant activity; cassia seed extract (CSE) has the effect of brightening the eyes; and Ampelopsis grossedentata extract (AGE) has the function of protecting the liver. However, the synergistic hepatoprotective effect of TP, AGE and CSE as a joint formulation is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of a tea solid beverage, composed of TP, AGE and CSE, on chronic alcoholic liver injury in rats and its underlying mechanisms via the analysis of transcriptomics and gut microbiota. The histopathological findings revealed that the tea solid beverage could reduce the production of fat vacuoles and inflammatory cell infiltration. Additionally, the tea solid beverage was found to effectively relieve the increase in the AST (from 424.85 U/L to 180.17 U/L), ALT (from 139.95 U/L to 85.88 U/L) and LDH (from 21.16 U/L to 13.35 U/L) enzyme activities and the expression of the inflammatory factors TNF-α (from 394.02 pg/mL to 214.44 pg/mL) and IL-6 (from 208.46 pg/mL to 116.59 pg/mL) caused by alcohol consumption. Further, it significantly enhanced the GSH concentration (from 4.53 pg/mL to 8.08 pg/mL) and SOD activity (from 84.70 U/mL to 156.94 U/mL) and decreased the MDA (from 58.61 mmol/mL to 36.58 mmol/mL) and TG (from 7.07 mmol/L to 3.43 mmol/L)) concentrations in the liver of rats. The analysis and identification of transcriptomics showed that the tea solid beverage intervention primarily protected the liver of rats with chronic alcoholic injury by up-regulating the differential gene Hmgcs1 in order to increase the synthesis of ketone bodies and by down-regulating the differential gene Pfkfb1 for the purpose of decreasing the glucose metabolism. Additionally, it was found that the tea solid beverage could significantly change the composition of intestinal flora in drinking rats by regulating mineral absorption, the pathways of bile secretion, the adipocytokine signaling pathway and the peroxisome balance of the intestinal flora, in order to protect alcohol-drinking rats' livers. In conclusion, the tea solid beverage, consisting of TP, AGE and CSE, is a functional drink that prevents ketone metabolism, glucose metabolism and microbiome disorders induced by alcohol intake.
摘要：
Waterlogging disasters severely restrict crop production. The middle and lower Yangtze River region (MLYRR) is an important grain-producing region in China but suffers from severe waterlogging disasters. In this study, an agriculture-specific index called the accumulative humidity index was introduced to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of waterlogging during different wheat and maize growth stages in the MLYRR from 1960 to 2020. Additionally, the relationships between waterlogging intensities and crop yield fluctuations were revealed. The results showed that over the past 60 years, the intensity of wheat and maize waterlogging in the central and eastern MLYRR have increased; crop waterlogging was more intense in the 1990s-2010s than during the 1960s-1980s, and waterlogging intensity peaked in the 1990s. For both crops, waterlogging was more intense during the early growth stages, but its yield-reducing impacts were more significant during middle and late growth stages. The southern MLYRR (especially southern Anhui) was the region where both crops were most prone to waterlogging, but yields in this region were not severely affected by waterlogging. Compared with wheat, maize was more prone to waterlogging, and its yield was more significantly reduced by waterlogging. In conclusion, this study provides guidance for agricultural waterlogging risk reduction in the MLYRR.
摘要：
Potato common scab, caused mainly by Streptomyces scabies, causes surface necrosis and reduces the economic value of potato tubers, but effective chemical control is still lacking. In this study, an attempt was made to control potato common scab by inoculating potatoes with Bacillus velezensis (B. velezensis) and to further investigate the mechanism of biological control. The results showed that B. velezensis Y6 could reduce the disease severity of potato common scab from 49.92 ± 25.74% [inoculated with Streptomyces scabies (S. scabies) only] to 5.56 ± 1.89% (inoculated with S. scabies and Y6 on the same day) and increase the potato yield by 37.32% compared with the control under pot experiment in this study. Moreover, in the field trial, it was found that Y6 could also significantly reduce disease severity from 13.20 ± 1.00% to 4.00 ± 0.70% and increase the potato yield from 2.07 ± 0.10 ton/mu to 2.87 ± 0.28 ton/mu (p < 0.01; Tukey's test). Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis indicated that 256 potato genes were upregulated and 183 potato genes were downregulated in response to B. velezensis Y6 inoculation. In addition, strain Y6 was found to induce the expression of plant growth-related genes in potato, including cell wall organization, biogenesis, brassinosteroid biosynthesis, and plant hormone transduction genes, by 1.01-4.29 times. As well as up-regulate hydroquinone metabolism-related genes and several transcription factors (bHLH, MYB, and NAC) by 1.13-4.21 times. In summary, our study will help to understand the molecular mechanism of biological control of potato common scab and improve potato yield.
通讯机构：
[Yanqing Ma] V;[Xuexiao Zou] C;Vegetable Institution of Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410125, China<&wdkj&>College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
Leaf color is directly related to altered photosynthesis. Hence, leaf yellowing mutants can be widely used for the researching plant phys-iology and functional genomes, for cultivating new varieties of popular horticultural plants, and for identifying hybrid purity (as markers). Here, we constructed a 60Co-g F2 population from the leaf-yellowing mutant R24 via radiation mutation with the inbred line WT21 of pepper. Genetic analysis showed that the leaf-yellowing of the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene. By applying the Bulk Segregation Analysis and Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR markers, the leaf-yellowing gene CaLY1 (Capsicum annuum Leaf yellow 1) was mapped on chromosome 9, SNP5791587-SNP6011215, with a size of 214.5 kb. One non-synonymous mutated gene Capana09g000166 was found in the interval. The gene encoded a PsbX, which is the core complex of PSII. Transcriptome analysis further showed that 2301 differentially expressed genes were identified under shading treatment for 24 h in R24. The Gene Ontology enrichment pathways were related to photosynthesis light harvesting, cell wall, activity of quercetin 3-O-glucosyltransferase and flavonoid metabolic process, which likely regulate the response of pepper leaves to different light levels. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the most abundant pathways were photosynthesis antenna proteins and metabolic.
通讯机构：
[Lu, XP ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Natl Ctr Citrus Improvement, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Citrus;Water de ficit;Pre-harvest;Sucrose;CsABF3;CsSUT1
摘要：
Pre-harvest water deficit (PHWD) plays an important role in sugar accumulation of citrus fruit. However, the mechanism is not known well. Here, it was confirmed that PHWD promoted sucrose accumulation of citrus fruit, but had limited effect on fructose, glucose and total acid. A sucrose transporter, CsSUT1, which localizes to the plasma membrane, was demonstrated to function in sucrose transport induced by PHWD. Compared to wild-type, CsSUT1 overexpression in citrus calli stimulated sucrose, fructose and glucose accumulation, while its silencing in juice sacs reduced sucrose accumulation. Increased sugar accumulation in transgenic lines enhanced plant drought tolerance, and resulted in decreased electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents, as well as increased superoxide dismutase activity and proline contents. An abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive transcription factor, CsABF3, was found with a same expression pattern with CsSUT1 under PHWD. Yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and dual-luciferase assays all revealed that CsABF3 directly bound with the CsSUT1 promoter by ABA responsive elements. When CsABF3 was overexpressed in citrus calli, the sucrose, fructose and glucose concentration increased correspondingly. Further, transgenic studies demonstrated that CsABF3 could affect sucrose accumulation by regulating CsSUT1. Overall, this study revealed a regulation of CsABF3 promoting CsSUT1 expression and sucrose accumulation in response to PHWD. Our results provide a detail insight into the quality formation of citrus fruit.
通讯机构：
[Wenjun Xiao; Zhihua Gong; Wenjun Xiao Wenjun Xiao Wenjun Xiao; Zhihua Gong Zhihua Gong Zhihua Gong] K;Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128 China<&wdkj&>National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128 China<&wdkj&>Hunan Agricultural University, Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan, 410128 China
摘要：
Long‐term excessive high‐protein diets (HPDs) (>40%) damage liver and renal, promote fatty acid (FA) synthesis, and disturb protein metabolism. L‐theanine (LTA) inhibits HPD induced FA synthesis, promotes protein synthesis, thus suppressing amino acids excessive catabolism and ammonia accumulation, and alleviating liver and kidney injury. Collectively, LTA mitigates the harmful effects of HPD in rats by regulating protein metabolism. Scope l‐Theanine (LTA) is a non‐protein amino acid that contributes to the flavor of tea and can regulate protein metabolism of healthy organisms. However, it is unknown whether it regulates protein metabolism in individuals on high‐protein diets (HPDs). Methods and results Here, Sprague–Dawley rats are fed HPDs with different protein supply ratios and administered a diverse dose of LTA for 40 days. Results show that HPDs with an energy supply ratio from protein >40% impair the liver and kidneys, elevate serum ammonia and urea nitrogen, induce amino acid (AA) catabolism, and promote fatty acid (FA) synthesis via FA‐binding protein 5 (Fabp5) and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). LTA intervention alleviates HPD‐induced hepatic and renal injury and improves serum biochemical indices. It increases hepatic free AA content and inhibits FA synthesis by downregulating Fabp5 and ACC1. It promotes protein synthesis by acting on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, thereby alleviating HPD‐induced metabolic disorders. Conclusions This study demonstrates that LTA mitigates kidney and liver damage induced by long‐term excess HPDs by regulating protein metabolism.
