摘要：
GGPPS (geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase) is a crucial enzyme in the terpene biosynthesis pathway. Terpenoids play essential roles in chlorophyll biosynthesis and the development of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.), a major cruciferous vegetable worldwide. However, limited information is available regarding B. oleracea GGPPS genes. In this study, we examined 10 BoGGPPS genes from the B. oleracea genome. The subcellular localization prediction suggests that BoGGPPS proteins are mainly expressed in chloroplasts and plastids. Similar BoGGPPS genes exhibited a similar structure and motif. Distribution, collinearity, and Ka/Ks analysis revealed multiple duplication events within the BoGGPPS gene family. Cabbage BoGGPPS may participate in light and hormone responses via analysis of cis-acting elements. Three-dimensional structure analysis demonstrated the abundance of α-helices and random coils among BoGGPPS members, suggesting their important functions. Based on qRT-PCR, we observed notable differences in the transcript levels of BoGGPPS genes between leaves and siliques. Bol028967 exhibited significantly higher transcript levels in WT (Wild-type) siliques compared to in Boas1 (Brassica oleracea albino silique 1), and subcellular localization analysis confirmed its expression in chloroplasts, implying its essential role in chloroplast synthesis. These findings lay the groundwork for further exploration and in-depth functional analysis of BoGGPPS genes and their relationship with terpenoids in the context of chlorophyll synthesis in B. oleracea.
摘要：
Anadequate selenium (Se) intake can enhance human immunity and prevent diseases development. About one billion people in the world have varying degrees of Se deficiency in the world. Organic Se from tea infusion is the most easily absorbed and utilized Se form by the human body. Therefore the production of tea plants rich in Se is an effective way to increase Se dietary intake, but there are few studies on the involvement and functions of miRNAs in the responses of tea plants after Se treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous (non-coding) single-stranded RNAs that play crucial roles in regulating plant nutrient element acquisition and accumulation. Physiological analysis discovered that the total Se content in tea plant roots markedly increased under 0.05 mmol center dot L-1 selenite treatment, with no toxicity symptoms in the leaves and roots. To screen the miRNAs responsive to Se treatment in tea plants, miRNA libraries were constructed from the tea cultivar "Echa 1". Using high-throughput sequencing, 455 known miRNAs and 203 novel miRNAs were identified in this study. In total, 13 miRNAs were selected that were differentially expressed in tea plants' roots under 0.05 mmol center dot L-1 selenite treatments. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs mainly belonged to the metabolic process, membrane, and catalytic activity ontologies. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis suggested that beta-alanine, taurine, hypotaurine, and sulfur metabolism were the most enriched pathways among the differentially expressed miRNAs, implying their involvement in Se accumulation and tolerance in tea plants. Further characterization of the data revealed that the number of novel miRNAs was comparable to that of known miRNAs, indicating that novel miRNAs significantly contributed to the regulation of Se accumulation in tea plant roots. Thisstudy lays the foundation for further research on the regulatory mechanisms underlying Se accumulation and tolerance in tea plants, providing targets to molecular breeding strategies for improving tea nutritional properties.
通讯机构：
[Zhao-Ying Liu; Qi Tang] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) is a major impediment to its clinical application. It is indispensable to explore alternative treatment molecules or drugs for mitigating DIC. WGX50, an organic extract derived from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant biological activity, however, its function and mechanism in DIC remain unclear. We established DOX-induced cardiotoxicity models both in vitro and in vivo. Echocardiography and histological analyses were used to determine the severity of cardiac injury in mice. The myocardial damage markers cTnT, CK-MB, ANP, BNP, and ferroptosis associated indicators Fe2+, MDA, and GPX4 were measured using ELISA, RT-qPCR, and western blot assays. The morphology of mitochondria was investigated with a transmission electron microscope. The levels of mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial ROS, and lipid ROS were detected using JC-1, MitoSOX™, and C11-BODIPY 581/591 probes. Our findings demonstrate that WGX50 protects DOX-induced cardiotoxicity via restraining mitochondrial ROS and ferroptosis. In vivo, WGX50 effectively relieves doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction, cardiac injury, fibrosis, mitochondrial damage, and redox imbalance. In vitro, WGX50 preserves mitochondrial function by reducing the level of mitochondrial membrane potential and increasing mitochondrial ATP production. Furthermore, WGX50 reduces iron accumulation and mitochondrial ROS, increases GPX4 expression, and regulates lipid metabolism to inhibit DOX-induced ferroptosis. Taken together, WGX50 protects DOX-induced cardiotoxicity via mitochondrial ROS and the ferroptosis pathway, which provides novel insights for WGX50 as a promising drug candidate for cardioprotection.
作者机构：
[Zhang, Donglin; Zhang, Yifan; Yu, Xiaoying; Li, Yanlin; Xiong, Xingyao; Liu, Yang; Li, YL] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Hunan Midsubtrop Qual Plant Breeding & Utilizat En, Engn Res,Ctr Hort Crop Germplasm Creat & New Varie, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Lin, Ling] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Econ, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Xiong, Xingyao] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Agr Genom Inst Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, Peoples R China.;[Li, Yanlin; Xiong, Xingyao; Li, YL] Kunpeng Inst Modern Agr, Foshan 528225, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Donglin] Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
通讯机构：
[Yu, XY; Li, YL ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Hunan Midsubtrop Qual Plant Breeding & Utilizat En, Engn Res,Ctr Hort Crop Germplasm Creat & New Varie, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Kunpeng Inst Modern Agr, Foshan 528225, Peoples R China.;Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Biol Sci, 60 Nanyang Dr, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
关键词：
Loropetalumchinense var. rubrum;WRKY;expression pattern;genome-wide analysis;light quality
摘要：
The WRKY gene family plays important roles in plant growth and development, as well as in the responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum has high ornamental and medicinal value. However, few WRKY genes have been reported in this plant, and their functions remain unknown. To explore the roles that the WRKY genes play in L. chinense var. rubrum, we identified and characterized 79 LcWRKYs through BLAST homology analysis and renamed them (as LcWRKY1-79) based on their distribution on the chromosomes of L. chinense var. rubrum. In this way, according to their structural characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, they were divided into three groups containing 16 (Group I), 52 (Group II), and 11 (Group III) WRKYs, respectively. LcWRKYs in the same group have similar motifs and gene structures; for instance, Motifs 1, 2, 3, 4, and 10 constitute the WRKY domain and zinc-finger structure. The LcWRKY promoter region contains light response elements (ACE, G-box), stress response elements (TC-rich repeats), hormone response elements (TATC-box, TCA-element), and MYB binding sites (MBS, MBSI). Synteny analysis of LcWRKYs allowed us to establish orthologous relationships among the WRKY gene families of Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Solanum lycopersicum L., Vitis vinifera L., Oryza sativa L., and Zea mays L.; furthermore, analysis of the transcriptomes of mature leaves and flowers from different cultivars demonstrated the cultivar-specific LcWRKY gene expression. The expression levels of certain LcWRKY genes also presented responsive changes from young to mature leaves, based on an analysis of the transcriptome in leaves at different developmental stages. White light treatment led to a significant decrease in the expression of LcWRKY6, 18, 24, 34, 36, 44, 48, 61, 62, and 77 and a significant increase in the expression of LcWRKY41, blue light treatment led to a significant decrease in the expression of LcWRKY18, 34, 50, and 77 and a significant increase in the expression of LcWRKY36 and 48. These results enable a better understanding of LcWRKYs, facilitating the further exploration of their genetic functions and the molecular breeding of L. chinense var. rubrum.
摘要：
The actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) gene family regulates changes in actin. However, the entire ADF family in the sweet orange Citrus sinensis has not been systematically identified, and their expressions in different organs and biotic stress have not been determined. In this study, through phylogenetic analysis of the sweet orange ADF gene family, seven CsADFs were found to be highly conserved and sparsely distributed across the four chromosomes. Analysis of the cis-regulatory elements in the promoter region showed that the CsADF gene had the potential to impact the development of sweet oranges under biotic or abiotic stress. Quantitative fluorescence analysis was then performed. Seven CsADFs were differentially expressed against the invasion of Xcc and CLas pathogens. It is worth noting that the expression of CsADF4 was significantly up-regulated at 4 days post-infection. Subcellular localization results showed that CsADF4 was localized in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Overexpression of CsADF4 enhanced the sensitivity of sweet orange leaves to Xcc. These results suggest that CsADFs may regulate the interaction of C. sinensis and bacterial pathogens, providing a way to further explore the function and mechanisms of ADF in the sweet orange.
摘要：
This research mainly focused on the leaf color change and photosystem function differ-entiation between Loropetalum chinense and its variety L. chinense var. rubrum under heat stress, which were tightly concerned about their ornamental traits and growth. L. chinense 'Xiangnong Xiangyun' (X) and L. chinense var. rubrum 'Xiangnong Fendai' (F) and L. chinense var. rubrum 'Hei Zhenzhu' (H) were chosen to be experimented on to investigate whether leaf color morphology and pigment composition could influence the adaptability of plants to high temperature in order to select foliage plants which posses stable leaf color and better adaptability for hot regions. The plants were cultured in hot environment (40 degrees C/33 degrees C, day/night) and normal environment (25 degrees C/18 degrees C, day/night). Phenotype and anatomic observation of three cultivars were made and leaf color indices and pigment contents were measured. During the experiment, H and F gradually turned green, total anthocyanins contents significantly decreased in them, however, chlorophyll b contents increased in all three cultivars. In addition, the initial fluorescence (Fo) decreased in X, while increased in H and F. For the maximum fluorescence (Fm) and maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), they only increased in H and decreased in both F and X. The non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching (NPQ) also increased in H and decreased in F. For X, it increased at first then gradually decreased. The coefficient of photochemical quenching all increased at first then gradually decreased. Correlation analysis between showed that there was relatively strong connection between anthocyanins, flavonoids and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, especially NPQ, proved anthocyanins and flavonoids might not only involved in enriching leaf color, but also interfered with the protection of photosystem. Generally speaking, we found higher anthocyanin and flavonoids content level not only dramatically enriched the leaf color of L. chinense var. rubrum cultivars, but also offered more potential antioxidant to keep their normal growth when encountered heat stress.
摘要：
To explore the effects of different water levels on competition of submerged plants, we selected the canopy submerged plant Potamogeton malaianus Miq. and the erect submerged plant Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle as study materials. Four water level gradients (25, 50, 75, 100 cm) were chosen to simulate the hydrological environment of shallow depressions in the main distribution area of submerged plants in the field. The competition between P. malaianus and H. verticillata under different water levels was investigated by measuring plant height, root length, stem thickness, number of leaves, nodal thrift, nodal spacing, above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass, and canopy whole-plant biomass. The results show that P. malaianus and H. verticillata increased in height as the water level rose. In most treatments, above-ground parts grew better than below ground parts. In the 25 cm water level, relative yields (RYs) of the above-and below-ground parts, and whole plant of P. malaianus displayed different patterns. At the water level of 25 cm, the RY values of the above-ground part, below-ground part, and whole plant of P. malaianus were greater than 1. At the low water level of 25 cm, all treatments had relative yield total (RYT) values greater than 1, and at 50 cm water level, the RYT value of P4H8 was greater than 1. RYT was less than 1 at both 75 and 100 cm at 75 and 100 cm water levels, the growth of each species was limited by the other species. In low water level environments, submerged plants switch from a competitive relationship to a facilitative relationship as the water level decreases (stress increases).
摘要：
Protoplast-based engineering has become an important tool for basic plant molecular biology research and developing genome-edited crops. Uncaria rhynchophylla is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant with a variety of pharmaceutically important indole alkaloids. In this study, an optimized protocol for U. rhynchophylla protoplast isolation, purification, and transient gene expression was developed. The best protoplast separation protocol was found to be 0.8 M D-mannitol, 1.25% Cellulase R-10, and 0.6% Macerozyme R-10 enzymolysis for 5 h at 26 degrees C in the dark with constant oscillation at 40 rpm/min. The protoplast yield was as high as 1.5 x 10(7) protoplasts/g fresh weight, and the survival rate of protoplasts was greater than 90%. Furthermore, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transient transformation of U. rhynchophylla protoplasts was investigated by optimizing different crucial factors affecting transfection efficiency, including plasmid DNA amount, PEG concentration, and transfection duration. The U. rhynchophylla protoplast transfection rate was highest (71%) when protoplasts were transfected overnight at 24 degrees C with the 40 mu g of plasmid DNA for 40 min in a solution containing 40% PEG. This highly efficient protoplast-based transient expression system was used for subcellular localization of transcription factor UrWRKY37. Finally, a dual-luciferase assay was used to detect a transcription factor promoter interaction by co-expressing UrWRKY37 with a UrTDC-promoter reporter plasmid. Taken together, our optimized protocols provide a foundation for future molecular studies of gene function and expression in U. rhynchophylla.
摘要：
The tea plant is a vital strategic forest resource in China. Dark tea produced from its leaves is an indispensable health-promoting product in western China due to its unique lipid-lowering function. Eurotium cristatum is the dominant strain in Fuzhuan brick tea (a variety of Anhua dark tea) and could produce many functional components, including lovastatin, a lipid-lowering compound. In this study, the lovastatin yield of dark tea was improved by breeding Eurotium cristatum using the protoplast fusion method. The experiments were carried out by inducing a fusion between inactivated Eurotium cristatum JH1205 and Monascus CICC5031. Among the 92 fusants screened the HPLC method, four strains (A4, A36, A54, and A76) with higher lovastatin production (more than three times as high) were obtained. The A76 strain had the highest lovastatin yield, which was 23.93 mu g/mL. The location of the tea forest strongly influenced the lovastatin yield of loose dark tea. The strain bred in this study improved the lovastatin yield of loose dark tea by more than three times when compared to wild Eurotium cristatum. These results are promising for the development of tea forest resources.
作者机构：
[Distefano, Gaetano; Bennici, Stefania; Gentile, Alessandra; Di Guardo, Mario; La Malfa, Stefano; Seminara, Sebastiano] Univ Catania, Dept Agr Food & Environm Di3A, Via Valdisavoia 5, I-95123 Catania, Italy.;[Caruso, Marco] Res Ctr Ol, Council Agr Res & Econ CREA, Fruit & Citrus Crops, Corso Savoia 190, I-95024 Acireale, Italy.;[Gentile, Alessandra] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort & Landscape, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Stefano La Malfa] D;Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
Among Citrus species, the sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) is the most important in terms of production volumes and cultivated areas. Oranges are particularly appreciated for the organoleptic characteristics and the high nutraceutical value of the fruits (thanks especially to their high content of antioxidants). Recent advances in citrus genetic and genomic resources, such as the release of the reference genomes of several sweet orange cultivars, have contributed to (i) understanding the diversification of C. sinensis and its relation with other citrus species, (ii) assessing the molecular mechanisms underlying traits of interest, (iii) identifying and characterizing the candidate genes responsible for important phenotypic traits, and (iv) developing biotechnological methods to incorporate these traits into different citrus genotypes. It has been clarified that all the genetic diversity within the sweet orange species was derived from subsequent mutations starting from a single ancestor and was derived from complex cycles of hybridization and backcrossing between the mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and the pummelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.). This paper provides an overview of the varietal panorama together with a description of the main driving forces in present and future sweet orange breeding. In fact, for the sweet orange, as well as for other citrus species, the release of novel varieties with improved characteristics is being pursued thanks to the employment of conventional and/or innovative (molecular-based) methods. The state of the art methods together with the innovations in genomics and biotechnological tools leading to the so-called new plant breeding technologies were also reviewed and discussed.
摘要：
Light is a crucial environmental component for plant growth, and light intensity plays a crucial function in controlling pigment anabolism in plants. We performed physiological characterisation, transcriptome, and metabolome investigations on purple leaf peppers treated with different light intensities to evaluate the effect on plant leaf colour. The results showed that the leaves of the peppers became significantly purplish under high light, with significantly higher anthocyanin, chlorophyll a, and carotenoid contents. A total of 44,263 genes were quantified using RNA-Seq, with the photoprotein-related genes LRP and LIP maintaining high expression levels under high and medium light. The anthocyanin synthesis pathway was variously enriched among the comparison groups, according to KEGG. The expression of the genes involved in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, such as CHI, F3H, DFR, and BZ1, was significantly higher under high light. In addition, MYB and bHLH gene families were the most abundant, and MYB1R1, MYB113-like, and bHLH90-like were significantly expressed under high light and highly positively correlated with the above anthocyanin synthesis genes. According to our metabolomic analysis, delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside and delphinidin-3-O-glucoside accumulated in significant concentrations in purple leaves under high light. This study is useful for understanding the process of anthocyanin synthesis and metabolism in pepper leaves that is generated and regulated by varied light intensity.
摘要：
Primary bud necrosis of grape buds is a physiological disorder that leads to decreased berry yield and has a catastrophic impact on the double cropping system in sub-tropical areas. The pathogenic mechanisms and potential solutions remain unknown. In this study, the progression and irreversibility patterns of primary bud necrosis in 'Summer Black' were examined via staining and transmission electron microscopy observation. Primary bud necrosis was initiated at 60 days after bud break and was characterized by plasmolysis, mitochondrial swelling, and severe damage to other organelles. To reveal the underlying regulatory networks, winter buds were collected during primary bud necrosis progression for integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent signaling cascades disrupted the regulation systems for cellular protein quality. ROS cascade reactions were related to mitochondrial stress that can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation causing damage to membrane structure, and endoplasmic reticulum stress leading to misfolded protein aggregates. All these factors ultimately resulted in primary bud necrosis. Visible tissue browning was associated with the oxidation and decreased levels of flavonoids during primary bud necrosis, while the products of polyunsaturated fatty acids and stilbenes exhibited an increasing trend, leading to a shift in carbon flow from flavonoids to stilbene. Increased ethylene may be closely related to primary bud necrosis, while auxin accelerated cell growth and alleviated necrosis by co-chaperone VvP23-regulated redistribution of auxin in meristem cells. Altogether, this study provides important clues for further study on primary bud necrosis.
期刊：
Food Research International,2023年168:112759 ISSN：0963-9969
通讯作者：
Xinghui Li<&wdkj&>Zhonghua Liu
作者机构：
[Zhao, Zhen; Jeyaraj, Anburaj; Zhuang, Jing; Wang, Yuhua; Liu, Zhonghua; Chen, Xuan; Li, Jianjie; Li, Xinghui; He, Youyue; Mei, Huiling] Nanjing Agr Univ, Int Inst Tea Ind Innovat the Belt & Rd, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Zhonghua] Hunan Agr Univ, Natl Res Ctr Engn & Technol Utilizat Bot Funct Ing, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Zhonghua] Hunan Agr Univ, Key Lab Tea Sci, Minist Educ, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xinghui Li; Zhonghua Liu] I;International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for “the Belt and Road”, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China<&wdkj&>International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for “the Belt and Road”, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China<&wdkj&>National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
Spreading is an indispensable process in the aroma formation of green tea. The application of exogenous red-light spreading in tea processing has been verified to significantly improve the aroma of green tea, and endow tea with freshness, sweet flavor, and mellow taste. However, there were no previous studies investigating the effects of spreading with different red-light intensities on the aroma components of green tea. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the relationship between the aroma component and spreading with different red-light intensities (300 mu mol center dot m(-2)center dot s(-1), 150 mu mol center dot m(-2)center dot s(-1) and 75 mu mol center dot m(-2)center dot s(-1)). As a result, a total of ninety-one volatile components were identified in this study. The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model clearly distinguished the volatile components of green tea between different red-light intensities and obtained thirty-three differential volatile compounds. Combined with odor activity value (OAV > 1) analysis revealed that eleven volatile components were the key volatile compounds of green tea under different light conditions. Among them, 3-methyl-butanal, (E)-nerolidol, and linalool were the sources of chestnut-like aroma in green tea and were significantly accumulated under medium (MRL) and low intensity (LRL) red light. The results of the present study provided a theoretical basis that could guide green tea processing with red-light intensities to increase the aroma quality components of green tea.
期刊：
Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2023年136(3):1-15 ISSN：0040-5752
通讯作者：
Xuexiao Zou<&wdkj&>Cheng Xiong<&wdkj&>Feng Liu
作者机构：
[Zhou, Xiaoxun; Shan, Qingyun; Yi, Ting; Ma, Yanqing; Wang, Jin; Zou, Xuexiao; Liu, Feng; Xiong, Cheng; Pan, Luzhao] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Engn Res Ctr Germplasm Innovat & New Varieties Bre, Key Lab Vegetable Biol Hunan Prov, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Jin; Zou, Xuexiao; Pan, Luzhao] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Nanjing, Peoples R China.;[Miao, Wu] Hunan Xiangyan Seed Ind Co LTD, Changsha, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xuexiao Zou; Cheng Xiong; Feng Liu] E;Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China<&wdkj&>Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
CaFCD1 gene regulates pepper cuticle biosynthesis. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an economically important vegetable crop that easily loses water after harvesting, which seriously affects the quality of its product. The cuticle is the lipid water-retaining layer on the outside of the fruit epidermis, which regulates the biological properties and reduces the rate of water-loss. However, the key genes involved in pepper fruit cuticle development are poorly understood. In this study, a pepper fruit cuticle development mutant fcd1 (fruit cuticle deficiency 1) was obtained by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis. The mutant has great defects in fruit cuticle development, and the fruit water-loss rate of fcd1is significantly higher than that of the wild-type '8214' line. Genetic analysis suggested that the phenotype of the mutant fcd1 cuticle development defect was controlled by a recessive candidate gene CaFCD1 (Capsicum annuum fruit cuticle deficiency 1) on chromosome 12, which is mainly transcribed during fruit development. In fcd1, a base substitution within the CaFCD1 domain resulted in the premature termination of transcription, which affected cutin and wax biosynthesis in pepper fruit, as revealed by the GC-MS and RNA-seq analysis. Furthermore, the yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays verified that the cutin synthesis protein CaCD2 was directly bound to the promoter of CaFCD1, suggesting that CaFCD1 may be a hub node in the cutin and wax biosynthetic regulatory network in pepper. This study provides a reference for candidate genes of cuticle synthesis and lays a foundation for breeding excellent pepper varieties.
摘要：
R3bic locus encoded a GST‐like GhTT19 facilitating anthocyanin transport. R3bic site was introgressed from G. bickii by a segment replacement. Deletion of a GhPAP1‐binding element in proGhTT19LW results in white petals. GhHY5‐GhPAP1 modulates GhTT19‐mediated petal red pigmentation. Summary Anthocyanin accumulations in the flowers can improve seed production of hybrid lines, and produce higher commodity value in cotton fibre. However, the genetic mechanism underlying the anthocyanin pigmentation in cotton petals is poorly understood. Here, we showed that the red petal phenotype was introgressed from Gossypium bickii through recombination with the segment containing the R3 bic region in the A07 chromosome of Gossypium hirsutum variety LR compared with the near‐isogenic line of LW with white flower petals. The cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (Cy3G) was the major anthocyanin in red petals of cotton. A GhTT19 encoding a TT19‐like GST was mapped to the R3bic site associated with red petals via map‐based cloning, but GhTT19 homologue gene from the D genome was not expressed in G. hirsutum. Intriguingly, allelic variations in the promoters between GhTT19LW and GhTT19LR, rather than genic regions, were found as genetic causal of petal colour variations. GhTT19‐GFP was found localized in both the endoplasmic reticulum and tonoplast for facilitating anthocyanin transport. An additional MYB binding element found only in the promoter of GhTT19LR, but not in that of GhTT19LW, enhanced its transactivation by the MYB activator GhPAP1. The transgenic analysis confirmed the function of GhTT19 in regulating the red flower phenotype in cotton. The essential light signalling component GhHY5 bonded to and activated the promoter of GhPAP1, and the GhHY5‐GhPAP1 module together regulated GhTT19 expression to mediate the light‐activation of petal anthocyanin pigmentation in cotton. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms for anthocyanin accumulation and may lay a foundation for faster genetic improvement of cotton.
作者机构：
[Qiao, Fei; He, Yuedong; Cong, Hanqing; Sun, Huapeng] Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China,ministry of Agriculture;[Qiao, Fei; He, Yuedong; Cong, Hanqing; Sun, Huapeng] Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;[He, Yuedong] College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Zhang, Yuhao; Zhao, Yucheng] Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China;[Jiang, Xuefei; Wang, Zhiming] Hainan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
通讯机构：
[Fei Qiao; Yuedong He; Huapeng Sun] K;[Yuhao Zhang; Yibei Xiao; Yucheng Zhao] D;Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, ministry of Agriculture;Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China<&wdkj&>College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, ministry of Agriculture;Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China<&wdkj&>Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
摘要：
Cephalotaxines harbor great medical potential, but their natural source, the endemic conifer Cephalotaxus is highly endangered, creating a conflict between biotechnological valorization and preservation of biodiversity. Here, we construct the whole biosynthetic pathway to the 1-phenethylisoquinoline scaffold, as first committed compound for phenylethylisoquinoline alkaloids (PIAs), combining metabolic modeling, and transcriptomemining ofCephalotaxushainanensis to infer the biosynthesis for PIA precursor. We identify a novel protein, ChPSS, driving the Pictet-Spengler condensation and show that this enzyme represents the branching point where PIA biosynthesis diverges from the concurrent benzylisoquinoline-alkaloids pathway. We also pinpoint ChDBR as crucial step to form 4-hydroxydihydrocinnamaldehyde diverging from lignin biosynthesis. The elucidation of the early PIA pathway represents an important step toward microbe-based production of these pharmaceutically important alkaloids resolving the conflict between biotechnology and preservation of biodiversity.
