摘要：
In previous studies, abdominal obesity has been related to total low-grade inflammation and in some cases has resulted in insulin resistance and other metabolism related disorders such as diabetes. Quercetin is a polyphenol, which is a derivative of plants, and has been shown in vitro as well as in a few animal models to have several potential anti-inflammatory as well as anticarcinogenic applications. The substance has also been shown to aid in the attenuation of lipid peroxidation, platelet aggregation, and capillary permeability. However, further research is called for to gain a better understanding of how quercetin is able to provide these beneficial effects. This manuscript reviewed quercetin's anti-inflammatory properties in relation to obesity and type 2 diabetes.
摘要：
This study was conducted to determine the profiles of AA in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract of pigs fed with different nitrogen composited diets. Twenty-four pigs (19.5 kg BW) were randomly assigned into 4 groups (6 pigs per group) and fed diets containing corn and fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), cottonseed meal (CM), or rapeseed meal (RM) with equivalent AA compositions for 7 d. The contents of the stomach, proximal jejunum, distal jejunum, and ileum were collected at 4 h after feeding. The hydrolysate AA of undigested protein, free AA (FAA), and peptide-bound AA (PAA) in the contents were determined. There were more FAA in the proximal jejunum of SBM protein diets treatment, whereas more peptides were obtained from FM protein diets in the stomach and ileum as well as from SBM protein diets in the distal jejunum. The concentrations of FAA in the proximal jejunum and ileum as well as PAA in the jejunum with RM were higher than those with CM. When all 4 treatments were considered together, whereas few FAA were in the stomach and then increased in the jejunum and ileum, PAA were distributed uniformly in the 4 segments. These results showed that the RM protein diet gave a relatively continuous release of hydrolysis products in the stomach and small intestine. And FM and SBM protein diets were superior to CM for the release of peptides and FAA in the proximal gastrointestinal tract. These results regarding the AA profiles in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract should help to provide some information for the application of CM and RM in pigs.
摘要：
Cottonseed meal (CM) and rapeseed meal (RM) have been used as alternative protein sources in porcine feed, but their exact digestive regulation remains unclear. This study was conducted to determine the dynamic profiles of AA released from different nitrogen composited diets in the jejunum of pigs. Seventy-two pigs (19.3 kg BW) were randomly assigned into 4 groups (18 pigs per group) and fed diets containing corn and either fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), CM, or RM with equivalent AA for 7 d. The digesta of the jejunum were collected at 1, 4, and 8 h after feeding. The hydrolysate AA of undigested protein (HAA), free AA (FAA), and peptide-bound AA (PAA) in the digesta were determined. The lowest HAA contents were observed in the FM and SBM groups at 4 h. High levels of FAA were released from the SBM diet, whereas low levels of FAA were released from the RM diet at 1 and 4 h after feeding. The concentration of PAA in the CM group was lower than those in the FM and SBM groups. These results showed that the SBM diet could be easily degraded to FAA and peptide, and the FM diet tended to be degraded to peptide in the jejunum. There were less FAA and PAA released from the CM and RM diets although dietary AA were balanced, but the RM diet released more FAA and PAA than the CM diet.
摘要：
Ovomucin is a mucin-like protein from egg white with a variety of biological functions. We hypothesized that ovomucin-derived peptides might exert anti-inflammatory activity. The specific objectives were to test the anti-inflammatory activities of different ovomucin hydrolysates and its various fractions in human dermal fibroblasts, and to understand the possible molecular mechanisms. Three ovomucin hydrolysates were prepared and desalted; only the desalted Alcalase hydrolysate showed anti-inflammatory activity. Desalting of ovomucin hydrolysate enriched the proportion of low-molecular-weight (MW) peptides. Indeed, ultrafiltration of this hydrolysate displayed comparable anti-inflammatory activity in dermal fibroblasts, indicating the responsible role of low-MW bioactive peptides in exerting the beneficial biological function. The anti-inflammatory activity of low-MW peptides was regulated through the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor mediated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activity. Our study demonstrated that both peptide composition and MW distribution play important roles in anti-inflammatory activity. The low-MW fractions prepared from ovomucin Alcalase hydrolysate may have potential applications for maintenance of dermal health and treatment of skin diseases. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
摘要：
A colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip (ICS) test based on a competitive format was developed for the rapid detection of soft-shelled turtle systemic septicemia spherical virus (STSSSV) in turtle and fecal samples. Specific egg yolk antibodies (IgY) against STSSSV were labeled with colloidal gold and used as probes in the one-step test strip. Antigen (STSSSV) and goat anti-chicken IgY were drawn on the nitrocellulose membrane as the test line and control line, respectively. When STSSSV standard samples (0-100 mu g/mL) were detected by the strips, the visual limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 50.0 mu g/mL. The ICS test showed high stability; the strips were stable for at least 3 months at 4 degrees C without significant loss of activity. There was no obvious cross-reactivity with other aquatic pathogens. The assay can be performed within 5-10 min. Analysis of STSSSV in turtle samples revealed that data obtained from the ICS test were in a good agreement with those obtained by ELISA. The positive results of fecal samples suggested that this method could be used to detect STSSSV while protecting the animals' welfare. The ICS assay does not need specialized equipment or a technician and can be used as a reliable, rapid, cost-effective and convenient qualitative tool for on-site diagnosis. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
关键词：
Nisin-resistance;Cell wall;Membrane phospholipid;Two-component system
摘要：
Nisin is the most prominent lantibiotic and is used as a food preservative due to its high potency against certain Gram-positive bacteria. However, the effectiveness of nisin is often affected by environmental factors such as pH, temperature, food composition, structure, as well as food microbiota. The development of nisin resistance has been seen among various Gram-positive bacteria. The mechanisms under the acquisition of nisin resistance are complicated and may differ among strains. This paper presents a brief review of possible mechanisms of the development of resistance to nisin among Gram-positive bacteria.
通讯机构：
[Xiao, Hong-Bo] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
aldosterone;osteopontin;cluster of differentiation 44;nuclear factor κB;kaempferol;human umbilical vein endothelial cells;aldostérone;ostéopontine;CD44;NF-κB;kaempférol;cellules endothéliales de cordon ombilical humain
摘要：
Osteopontin (OPN), also called cytokine Eta-1, is a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Recent studies have shown that aldosterone increases OPN gene expression in endothelial cells. As a flavonoid compound, kaempferol has potent antiinflammatory properties, but whether kaempferol regulates aldosterone signaling and aldosterone-induced gene expression is still unknown. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pretreated with kaempferol (0, 1, 3, or 10 -6mol/L) for 1 h prior to exposure to aldosterone (10-6 mol/L) for 24 h. Aldosterone induced generation of reactive oxygen species; OPN and cluster of differentiation 44 gene expression; phospho-p38 MAPK and NF-kB binding activity. The effect of aldosterone was abrogated by kaempferol and spironolactone (10-6 mol/L). The present results suggest that kaempferol exerts its anti-inflammatory properties via its inhibition of aldosterone signaling and aldosterone-induced gene expression in HUVECs.
摘要：
Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic lupane-type triterpene, has a wide range of bioactivities. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of BA and the potential mechanism underlying the ability of this compound to prevent liver damage induced by alcohol in vivo. Mice were given oral doses of BA (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg) daily for 14 days, and induced liver injury by feeding 50% alcohol orally at the dosage of 10 ml/kg after 1 h last administration of BA. BA pretreatment significantly reduced the serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total cholesterol, and triacylglycerides in a dose-dependent manner in the mice administered alcohol. Hepatic levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were remarkably increased, while malondialdehyde contents and microvesicular steatosis in the liver were decreased by BA in a dose-dependent manner after alcohol-induced liver injury. These findings suggest that the mechanism underlying the hepatoprotective effects of BA might be due to increased antioxidant capacity, mainly through improvement of the tissue redox system, maintenance of the antioxidant system, and decreased lipid peroxidation in the liver.
