摘要：
Probiotics act positively on rumen feed digestion and ruminant production as feed additive, these additives are diverse and exerting their action through different mechanisms. This review gives an overview of the probiotics feed additive and summarizes the current status of lactic acid bacteria, yeast and Bacillus which are the most common used feed additive to improve milk performance and health in dairy cattle. This yields a comprehensive idea of the reviewed studies on lactic acid bacteria, yeast and Bacillus to enhance further research in dairy cow industry.
摘要：
As improving milk production and milk composition is always a tough problem in dairy cows industry, research on the genomics that related to milk production traits and regulation technique are important to design feed ingredients and study new feedstuffs. Recently many papers reported QTL for the major milk production trait (fat and protein concentration (%), protein, fat and milk yield, and somatic cell score). Here we summarized a quantitative trait loci (QTL) map for dairy production trait and also gave an overview of the most common non-antibiotic feed additives, probiotics, DCAD, enzymes and plant-derived products including saponins, tannins and essential oils. This yields a comprehensive contemplation of the reviewed studies targeted on QTL related to milk yield and non-antibiotic feed additives to enhance further research in dairy cow industry.
作者机构：
[X.L.Zhou; Y.L.Yin] State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,College of Life Science and Food Engineering,Nanchang University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330047,China;[Jun Fang] College of Bioscience and Biotechnology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,410128,China;[X.F.Kong; G.Q.Lian; M.M.Geng; B.E.Tan; Z.M.Feng] hinese Acad Sci,Inst Subtrop Agr,Res Ctr Healthy Breeding Livestock & Poultry,Hunan Engn & Res Ctr Anim & Poultry Sci,Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg,Scientific Oberving and Experimetal Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central,Ministry of Agriculture,Changsha City,Furong Road ＃644,Hunan,Peoples R China 410125;[F.Blachier] INRA,CNRH-IdF,AgroParisTech,UMR 914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior,16 rue Claude Bernard,Paris 75005,France;[C.M.Nyachoti] Department of Animal Science,University of Manitoba,Winnipeg,R3T 2N2,MB,Canada
摘要：
Improving gut health and functions through the use of prebiotic supplementation after weaning is an active area of research in pig nutrition.The present study was conducted to test if dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut microflora composition,bacterial metabolites and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function using the weaned Huanjiang mini-piglet model.Twelve Huanjiang mini-piglets weaned at 21 days of age were randomly assigned to two groups receiving either dietary supplementation with 0.5% of corn starch (control group),or 0.5% of SBOS in a corn- and soybean meal-based diet.At the end of a 14-day experimental period,the ileum and colon and their contents were collected to determine the expression levels in mRNA of cytokines and tight junctions-associated proteins,and concentrations in the luminal contents of ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA),as well as gut microflora composition.Our results show that dietary supplementation with SBOS increased the diversity of intestinal microflora (ileum TRFs,9 vs.5; colon TRFs,11 vs.7),and promoted (P<0.05) the amounts of some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria (e.g.,Bifidobacterium,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Fusobacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia) and SCFAs in the intestinal luminal content,while diminished (P < 0.05) bacteria with pathogenic potential (e.g.,Escherichia Coli,Clostridium and Streptococcus) and several protein-derived catabolites (e.g.isobutyrate,isovalerate and ammonia).In addition,the SBOS supplement increased (P<0.05) the mRNA expression level of ZO-1,while decreased (P<0.05) TNF-a,IL-ip and IL-8 expression in both ileum and colon.These findings suggest that the SBOS present prebiotic activities in weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets with potentially beneficial effects on gut,raising the view that these oligosaccharides may represent valuable supplementary compounds for pig after weaning.
作者机构：
[L.Chen; C.S.Zhou; Z.L.Tan] Key Laboratory for Agri-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region,and Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences,and South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,The Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha,Hunan 410125,P.R.China;[L.Chen; J.Fang] College of Bioscience and Biotechnology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China;[C.S.Zhou] Postdoctoral Science Research Workstation,New Hope Group,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,P.R.China
会议名称：
The 9th China-Korea-Japan Joint Symposium on Rumen Metabolism and Physiology(第九届中日韩瘤胃营养与生理学术研讨会)
会议时间：
2013-10-11
会议地点：
长沙
会议主办单位：
中国畜牧兽医学会;韩国瘤胃机能研究会;日本瘤胃研究会
会议论文集名称：
The 9th China-Korea-Japan Joint Symposium on Rumen Metabolism and Physiology(第九届中日韩瘤胃营养与生理学术研讨会)论文集
作者：
Xiao, Hong-Bo*;Lu, Xiang-Yang;Zhang, Heng-Bo;Sun, Zhi-Liang;Fang, Jun
期刊：
Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry,2013年69(4):719-725 ISSN：1138-7548
通讯作者：
Xiao, Hong-Bo
作者机构：
[Xiao, Hong-Bo; Sun, Zhi-Liang] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Lu, Xiang-Yang] Hunan Agr Bioengn Res Inst, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Heng-Bo] Furong Dist Red Cross Hosp, Changsha 410126, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Sun, Zhi-Liang] Hunan Agr Univ, Natl Res Ctr Engn & Technol Utilizat Bot Funct In, Biol Vet Drugs Branch, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Fang, Jun] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xiao, Hong-Bo] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Undaria pinnatifida;Soluble fiber;Angiopoietin-like protein 3;Hyperlipidemia;Mice
摘要：
Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (Angptl3)-lipoprotein lipase (LPL) pathway may be a useful pharmacologic target for hyperlipidemia. The present study was conducted to test the effect of soluble fiber extracted from Undaria pinnatifida (UP), on hyperlipidemia in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice. Forty mice were divided into four groups (n = 10): control group (C57BL/6J mice), ApoE(-/-) mice group, and two groups of ApoE(-/-) mice treated with UP fiber (5 or 10 % per day). UP soluble fiber treatment significantly decreased plasma and hepatic total cholesterol, triglycerides levels, plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and malondialdehyde concentrations and increased plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and downregulated protein expression of Angptl3 concomitantly with upregulated protein expression of LPL. In addition, T0901317 caused elevated expression of hepatic Angptl3 protein, and the effect of T0901317 was also abrogated by UP soluble fiber in C57BL/6J mice. The present results suggest that the UP soluble fiber regulates Angptl3-LPL pathway to lessen hyperlipidemia in mice.
摘要：
Pig production plays an important role in farming systems worldwide, especially in subtropical areas. The past few decades have seen significant changes in swine production in such regions. However, there are regional differences in pig production, and some of these are associated with serious problems which impact production systems, the environment and human health. This review introduces the pig breeds, crops and challenge of pig production that faces subtropical areas. A detailed analysis focuses on the control of production problems that are affected by limitations in management and nutritional strategies. Then, factors that drive the major changes in the pig industry in this area are examined in detail, and some insight into pig production directions is provided. Copyright (c) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
摘要：
L-arginine has been demonstrated to stimulate cell proliferation and prevent LPS-induced death of intestinal cell. To identify genes responsed to arginine treatment in intestinal cell, gene expression profiles were analyzed using high-density oligonucleotide microarray in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-1) treated with 100 (control) or 350 μM arginine. Results showed that expression levels of 306 genes were up-regulated and 280 genes down-regulated in IPEC-1 cultured in medium containing 350 μM arginine compared with that of the control. Although the biochemical functions of some genes had not previously been defined, we were able to identify some up-regulated genes that are known to play important roles in transportion (e.g. ATP6V1G2, SLC9A4), metabolism (e.g. AKR1C4, GHRL), transcription and signal transduction (e.g. PTGFR, OCT2), signaling and proliferation (e.g. UPTI, FGFR1), cell cycle and apoptosis (e.g. DRAM1, GADD45A), cytoskeletal and cell adhesion (e.g. DNMBP, ITGB2) and immune response (e.g. OAS1, IL15), and some down-regulated genes that are related to transportion and metabolism (e.g. SLC25A25, COX1), cytoskeletal and cell adhesion (e.g. PROC, COL10A1) and immune response (e.g. SLA-DMA, CD80). The RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that 350 μM arginine treatment increased ITGB (109%), AKRIC4 (367%), ATP6VIG2 (196%), DRAMI (88%), GHRL (243%) and SLC9A2 (138%), which were almost consistent with the data obtained from the microarray analysis. Our findings provided a molecular mechanism to explain cytoprotective effects of arginine and laid the foundation for future research on cellular mechanisms of arginine regulating cell growth and proliferation.
摘要：
A piezoelectric quartz crystal impedance technique has been applied for in situ monitoring of the whole process of the proteolytic enzyme-catalyzed hydrolyzation of casein and the effect of pesticide dimehypo (formula: C5H11NNa2O6S4) on the proteolytic enzyme activity in the midgut of the spider Pardosa pseudoannulata, based on its real-time reponses to the density-viscosity change of the tested solution due to the hydrolyzation occurring on the casein molecules. The results indicated that the hydrolyzation was significantly increased in the presence of low-dose dimehypo, where significantly inhibited in the presence of high-dose dimehypo, and a correlation was found precisely between the enzyme activity reflected by the final frequency shift after the hydrolyzation and the concentration of dimehypo, with a significant frequency response observed even at a 2.88 x 10-4 volume ratio of dimehypo to distilled water. The present work may have presented a novel method feasible for study on the mechanism of excitability of spiders under low-dose dimehypo pesticide and quick detection of proteolytic enzyme activity.
摘要：
NSP is the major factor introducing a low digestibility of cottonseed meal in piglets. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of NSP enzyme on the nutrient digestibility of weaned piglets fed a cottonseed meal-based diets. About 15 weaned piglets (14 +/- 1.4 kg) were selected and ileal fistula surgery was done to determine the DE, CP, DM and NSP's apparent digestibility. The results indicated that NSP enzyme improved piglet's apparent digestibility (p<0.05) in varying degrees; pectinase resulted in obvious degradation of the cell wall and increased piglets' DE (26.69%) and CP of ileal digests (20.33%) and compound enzyme was better in improving cottonseed meal based diets than single enzyme.
