期刊：
Frontiers in Bioscience - Scholar,2011年3(1):286-297 ISSN：1945-0516
通讯作者：
Yin, Y.-L.
作者机构：
[Yin, Yu-long; Tang, Zhi-Ru] Hunan Engineering and Research Center of Animal and Poultry Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China;[Fang, Jun] College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China;Department of Animal Science, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, United States;Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China;State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
通讯机构：
[Yin, Y.-L.] H;Hunan Engineering and Research Center of Animal and Poultry Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
摘要：
L-Tryptophan is a nutritionally essential amino acid for monogastric animals and preweaning ruminants because it cannot be synthesized in the body. Besides serving as a building block for proteins, tryptophan is a critical nutrient for the functions of nervous and immune systems. Over the past decades, much attention has been directed to study the role of tryptophan as a limiting amino acid in mammalian and avian nutrition. However, emerging evidence from recent studies shows that tryptophan and its metabolites [e.g., serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and melatonin)] can regulate feed intake, reproduction, immunity, neurological function, and anti-stress responses. Additionally, tryptophan may modulate gene expression and nutrient metabolism to impact whole-body homeostasis in organisms. Thus, adequate intake of this amino acid from the diet is crucial for growth, development, and health of animals and humans.
摘要：
The full-length cDNA encoding a TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1 (TIR1) protein, designated NtTIR1, was isolated for the first time from Nicotiana tabacum by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. NtTIR1 contained a 1746-bp open reading frame encoding 581 amino acids. The deduced NtTIR1 protein, which showed high identity to TIR1 protein of other dicotyledonous plants, had a calculated mol wt of 65.2 kD and a theoretical pI value of 6.02 and was predicted to possess an F-box domain. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that the deduced NtTIR1 contained three transmembrane domains, and the predicted 3D model of NtTIR1 had a typical spatial structure of the TIR1 protein from Arabidopsis thaliana. Transcription pattern analysis revealed that the transcription of NtTIR1 was induced by IAA and ABA. Cloning of the NtTIR1 gene will enable us to further understand the molecular organization of the TIR1 and its possible function in the tobacco.
摘要：
The y + LAT1 gene is a member of solute carrier family that encodes a protein, which plays a significant function in transport of neutral and dibasic amino acids. The Tibetan pig is an excellent local variety in China, which is able to tolerate and survive under the adverse conditions. The study cloned the cDNA sequence of Tibetan pig y + LAT1 (GenBank accession #EU390782), and evaluated the tissue distribution and developmental expression of y + LAT1 mRNA and protein in different parts of intestine in Tibetan suckling piglets. The results show that the y + LAT1 cDNA encodes 511 deduced amino acid residues and 12 putative transmembrane domains, which can be widely detected in many organs in Tibetan piglets. Expression patterns were similar in jejunum and ileum, where the mRNA and protein level was decreased before the suckling period and increased until Day 35, duodenum changed reversely. The jejunum posterior is the predominant expressional tissue in all days. These results indicated that the ontogenesis expression of y + LAT1 was not only differentially regulated by early development age but also differentially with distributed tissues along the small intestine.
摘要：
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplemented with copper, ferrous iron and zinc together from their proteinates or sulphates on growth performance, plasma concentration and balance of copper, ferrous iron and zinc in pigs at different growth stages. Three growth experiments and one mineral balance test were included in present study. In comparison with diet supplemented with copper, ferrous iron and zinc from sulfates together, diet supplemented with lower concentrations of copper, ferrous iron and zinc together from their proteinates significantly increased (P < 0.05) the feed efficiency in all three growth experiments and also increased (P < 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG) in Exp. 1, however, no difference of average daily feed intake (ADFI) in Exp. 1 and ADG ADFI and plasma concentrations of copper, ferrous iron and zinc were observed in Exp. 2 and 3, respectively. In mineral balance trail, pigs consumed copper, ferrous iron and zinc from their proteinates decreased copper, ferrous iron and zinc excretion by 91 % (P < 0.01 ), 45% (P < 0.01 ) and 71 % (P < 0.01 ) compared with pigs that consumed these minerals from sulfates, respectively. We concluded that dietary supplemented with copper, ferrous iron and zinc from their proteinate sources at the levels of 20, 100 and 40 mg/kg together have a growth-promoting effect on pigs at early growth stage and decrease copper, ferrous and zinc elimination into the environment.
摘要：
Stamen is the male reproductive organ of rice (Oryza sativa L.), and the development is a considerably significant stage during the sexual reproduction. It is very important to reveal what is the molecular mechanisms which controlling the development of stamen, and will be helpful in producing hybrid seeds by manipulating the male sterility. This article reviews the progress on the molecular mechanisms of male reproductive organogenesis in rice, which would facilitate the further studies on male sterile genes in rice.
摘要：
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of a true digestible Ca:P ratio on growth and serum characteristics (Experiment 1 ) as well as the utilization of Ca, P, N and microelements (Cu, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn) (Experiment 2) on 20-50 kg growing pigs (Duroc×Yorkshire×Landrace). Total dietary contained 0.26% true digestible P, and the dietary true digestible Ca:P ratios were 0.89, 1.37, 1.82, 2.29 and 2.75, respectively. The basal diet was formulated containing corn, rough, soybean and rapeseed with monocalcium phosphate and limestone used to supply appropriate dietary levels of Ca and R In Experiment 1, compared with the other groups, the group with the true digestible Ca:P ratio 1.82 had the best average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and gain:feed (G:F), and was significant than the high Ca:P ratios (2.29 and 2.75) groups. With the Ca:P ratio increased, the serum P levels declined significantly (P<0.05). Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was not influenced by dietary Ca:P ratio (P>0.05). In Experiment 2, when the Ca:P ratio increased from 0.89 to 1.82, the apparent digestibility of Ca, P, N, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn was no difference (P>0.05), but when the Ca:P ratio increased to 2.29, the apparent digestibility of Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn declined significantly (P<0.05). The results suggested that when the true digestible Ca:P ratio was 1.82, the growth performance and the utilization of Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn were optimal in 20-50 kg growing pigs fed corn-rough-soybean meal-based diets.
关键词：
Components;Oxygen radicals;Peptides of swine blood;Scavenging capacities
摘要：
In China, about five hundred million swine are slaughtered yearly, which represents about 45% of the world´s production. Swine blood is generally discarded except for the small amount that is used in soybean curd and other food products. This not only wastes resources, but also contaminates the environment. In this study, we found that peptides from swine blood had molecular masses of less than 2,100 Da and most were about 1,000 Da. Furthermore, the contents of Glu, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Phe and Lys were higher than those in dried swine blood. Peptides from swine blood most strongly scavenged ·OH among different oxygen species. This is the first reported study on the oxygen radical-scavenging capacities of peptides from swine blood, and the results suggest that swine blood may be promising for use in food or feed.Key words: Peptides of swine blood, components, scavenging capacities, oxygen radicals.
摘要：
High levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in pork are beneficial and saturated fatty acids (SFA) detrimental to human health. Inclusion of PUFA in diet may decrease the amount of intramuscular fat (IMF) due to inhibition of de nova synthesis of fatty acids, which has a negative effect on meat eating quality. Diet energy level is a leading factor for lipid deposition in IMF. We hypothesize that increasing dietary energy level by including PUFA will increase its content without decreasing IMF in meat, thus increasing meat's nutritional value without lowering meat eating quality. The results of this study showed that increasing dietary energy level by inclusion of soy oil decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P<0.01) and feed:gain ratio (P<0.01), increased average daily weight gain ADG (P<0.05) and serum triglyceride concentration (P<0.05) and decreased serum urea concentration (P<0.05). Carcass characteristics, meat quality and serum concentrations of hormones [insulin, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), glucagon and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)] were unaffected. Percentages of SFA and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were decreased while percentages of PUFA were increased (P<0.05) in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle as dietary energy level increased. The results of this study suggested that increasing dietary energy level by inclusion of soy oil could be a suitable way to improve growth performance as well as nutritional value of pork without lowering eating quality.
