摘要：
Zinc (Zn) is a widespread industrial pollutant that has detrimental effects on plant growth and development. Photoprotective properties ensure plant survival during stress by protecting the photosynthetic apparatus. This occurs via numerous mechanisms, including non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), cyclic electron flow (CEF) and the water-to-water cycle (WWC). However, whether and how Zn stress affects the photoprotective properties of plants to enhance the tolerance of Zn toxicity remains unknown. In this study, we treated Melia azedarach plants with different Zn concentrations ranging from 200 to 1000mgkg-1. We then analyzed the activities of two leaf photosynthetic pigment components-photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII)-and the relative expression levels of their subunit genes. As expected, we found that Zn treatment decreases photosynthesis and increases photodamage in M. azedarach leaves. The Zn treatments exacerbated a variety of photodamage phenotypes in photosystem activities and altered the expression levels of key photosystem complex genes and proteins. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that PSI was more seriously damaged than PSII under Zn stress. Subsequently, we compared differences in photodamage in the NPQ, CEF and WWC photoprotection pathways under Zn stress and found that each exerted a protective function again photodamage under 200mgkg-1 Zn stress. The NPQ and CEF may also play major protective roles in the avoidance of irreversible photodamage and helping to ensure survival under higher (i.e., 500 and 1000mgkg-1) levels of Zn stress. Thus, our study revealed that NPQ- and CEF-based photoprotection mechanisms are more effective than WWC in M. azedarach upon Zn stress.
摘要：
SUMMARY Anthocyanin and catechin production in tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves can positively affect tea quality; however, their regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we report that, while the CsMYB75‐ or CsMYB86‐directed MYB–bHLH–WD40 (MBW) complexes differentially activate anthocyanin or catechin biosynthesis in tea leaves, respectively, CsMYBL2a and CsMYBL2b homologs negatively modified the light‐ and temperature‐induced anthocyanin and catechin production in both Arabidopsis and tea plants. The MBW complexes activated both anthocyanin synthesis genes and the downstream repressor genes CsMYBL2a and CsMYBL2b. Overexpression of CsMYBL2b, but not CsMYBL2a, repressed Arabidopsis leaf anthocyanin accumulation and seed coat proanthocyanin production. CsMYBL2b strongly and CsMYBL2a weakly repressed the activating effects of CsMYB75/CsMYB86 on CsDFR and CsANS, due to their different EAR and TLLLFR domains and interactions with CsTT8/CsGL3, interfering with the functions of activating MBW complexes. CsMYBL2b and CsMYBL2a in tea leaves play different roles in fine‐tuning CsMYB75/CsMYB86–MBW activation of biosynthesis of anthocyanins and catechins, respectively. The CsbZIP1–CsmiR858a–CsMYBL2 module mediated the UV‐B‐ or cold‐activated CsMYB75/CsMYB86 regulation of anthocyanin/catechin biosynthesis by repressing CsMYBL2a and CsMYBL2b. Similarly, the CsCOP1–CsbZIP1–CsPIF3 module, and BR signaling as well, mediated the high temperature repression of anthocyanin and catechin biosynthesis through differentially upregulating CsMYBL2b and CsMYBL2a, respectively. The present study provides new insights into the complex regulatory networks in environmental stress‐modified flavonoid production in tea plant leaves.
摘要：
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of different doses of the fibrous roots of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua on the growth performance, slaughter parameters, meat quality, immune function, cytokines, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology of white-feathered broilers. Also, the mechanism to improve immune functions of broilers was explored through network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. A total of 360 AA-white-feathered broilers were randomly divided into six groups (not separated by sex), with six repetitions per group (n = 10). The groups were as follows: basal diet (CON group), basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg aureomycin (ANT group), basal diet supplemented with 2%, 3%, and 4% fibrous root raw powder (LD, MD, and HD group), or basal diet supplemented with 3% fibrous root processed powder (PR group), in a 42-day experiment. The dietary inclusion of P. cyrtonema fibrous roots increased slaughter performance (p < 0.05), reduced the fat rate (p < 0.05), improved intestinal morphology (p < 0.05), and improved the immune organ index to varying degrees. It also significantly improved pH reduction, drip loss, and pressure loss of breast muscle and leg muscle (p < 0.05). Furthermore, it significantly improved immune and antioxidant functions including decreased MDA content of serum (p < 0.01), increased GSH-Px content (p < 0.01), IgG, IgA, and C4 contents (p < 0.05), and increased expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ (p < 0.01). Additionally, the mechanism by which fibrous roots improve immune function in broilers was explored using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Network pharmacology and molecular docking revealed that flavonoids such as baicalein, 4',5-Dihydroxyflavone, 5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl-3-(4'-hydroxybenzyl)-chroman-4-one, and 5,7-dihydroxy-3-(2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxybenzyl)-6,8-dimethyl-chroman-4-one were key components that enhanced immune function through the MAPK1 and other key targets involved in regulating the MAPK signaling pathway. From the findings, it can be concluded that incorporating P. cyrtonema Hua fibrous root as a natural feed supplement and growth promoter in broiler diets had a positive impact on bird health and performance.
通讯机构：
[Chun Li; Xingyao Xiong] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China<&wdkj&>College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
关键词：
plant community color;autumn color;color characteristic;aesthetic preference;scenic beauty estimation (SBE);principal component analysis (PCA);urban park
摘要：
Contemporary landscape architecture studies have paid close attention to the interactions between public aesthetic preferences and the landscape environment. Scenic beauty has become an important evaluation indicator of landscape quality. The quality of the plant color landscape is an important factor affecting scenic beauty. Exploring the relationship between the composition rules and internal properties of autumn plant color landscapes in urban parks and public aesthetic preferences can provide new ideas for the evaluation and design of plant community color landscapes. Taking 12 parks in Changsha City, Hunan Province, China, as the study area and 85 plant communities as the sample plots, scenic beauty estimation (SBE) was used to evaluate the autumn plant color landscape of urban parks. ColorImpact software was used to extract the color values of each plant community. Fifteen original color element indicators were determined, and the data were statistically analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), one-way ANOVA, multiple comparison analysis and systematic cluster analysis. Four principal components were extracted to construct the characteristic indices and a comprehensive model of the color landscape quality of autumn plant communities. The four characteristic indices showed significant or extremely significant differences among the five SBE grades. From the overall trend, the SBE grades showed a positive correlation with PC1 (primary and adjunctive color index), PC2 (color structure and property index) and PC3 (autumn-color-leafed index) and a negative correlation with PC4 (intersperse color index). R-PH (ratio of primary hue), R-P (ratio of primary color), R-C (color-leafed index), R-WC (ratio of warm and cool colors), and N-C (number of colors) were the key factors affecting the SBE grade. Overall, R-PH, R-P, R-C, and R-WC positively influenced the SBE values, while N-C negatively influenced the SBE values, and five to seven colors were more moderate. The quality of the color landscape can be improved by creating plant communities with three types of color composition: warm-toned dominant type, warm- and cold-toned contrast type, and multicolor harmonic type. The results provide a reference for the evaluation, design and construction of autumn plant color landscapes in urban parks.
通讯机构：
[Xiaoxiong Zeng] C;[Zhonghua Liu] K;Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
摘要：
Theasinensin A (TSA), a dimer of epigallocatechin gallate, has been preliminarily demonstrated to have hypoglycemia and anti-inflammatory effects. However, little information is available on its potential mechanisms of anti-diabetes. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the influence of TSA on glucose and lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat-diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. As result, TSA improved polydipsia, polyphagia and impaired glucose tolerance of diabetic mice, declined the fasting blood glucose and hepatic triglyceride level, and enhanced the expression at mRNA level of insulin receptor substrate, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, protein kinase B and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) in the diabetic liver. Moreover, TSA could restore the disorder of gut microbiota of diabetic mice. High-dose (100 mg/kg) TSA showed better beneficial effects from the blood biochemical parameters, hepatic function and gut microbiota. In general, high-dose TSA significantly modulated gut microbiota by increasing the relative abundance of Akkermansia and decreasing the relative abundances of Acetatifactor, Anaerotruncus, Pseudofl avonifactor, Oscillibacter and Clostridium clusters. The results indicated that TSA could exert an anti-diabetes effect in diabetic mice through restoring glucose homeostasis, declining hepatic steatosis, activating insulin and GLP-1 signaling pathways, and ameliorating gut microbiota dysbiosis. (c) 2023 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
通讯机构：
[Chen, RG ] N;Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Hort, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China.;Shaanxi Engn Res Ctr Vegetables, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China.
关键词：
CaNAC035;cold;ABA;CaSnRK2.4;phosphorylation
摘要：
Significance Statement Abscisic acid (ABA) could be induced by cold stress, which can restrains the activity of PP2Cs to reduce the activity of CaSnRK2.4 kinase. CaSnRK2.4 can interact with and phosphorylate CaNAC035. CaNAC035 is induced by both cold and ABA treatments. Over expression of CaNAC035 resulted in enhanced cold stress tolerance, while knockdown of CaNAC035 significantly reduced resistance to cold stress. Additionally, CaNAC035 could bind to the promoters of CaNCED3 and CaAAO3, which led to the ABA accumulation. SUMMARY Plant NAC transcription factors play a crucial role in enhancing cold stress tolerance, yet the precise molecular mechanisms underlying cold stress remain elusive. In this study, we identified and characterized CaNAC035, an NAC transcription factor isolated from pepper (Capsicum annuum) leaves. We observed that the expression of the CaNAC035 gene is induced by both cold and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, and we elucidated its positive regulatory role in cold stress tolerance. Overexpression of CaNAC035 resulted in enhanced cold stress tolerance, while knockdown of CaNAC035 significantly reduced resistance to cold stress. Additionally, we discovered that CaSnRK2.4, a SnRK2 protein, plays an essential role in cold tolerance. In this study, we demonstrated that CaSnRK2.4 physically interacts with and phosphorylates CaNAC035 both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the expression of two ABA biosynthesis‐related genes, CaAAO3 and CaNCED3, was significantly upregulated in the CaNAC035‐overexpressing transgenic pepper lines. Yeast one‐hybrid, Dual Luciferase, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays provided evidence that CaNAC035 binds to the promoter regions of both CaAAO3 and CaNCED3 in vivo and in vitro. Notably, treatment of transgenic pepper with 50 μm Fluridone (Flu) enhanced cold tolerance, while the exogenous application of ABA at a concentration of 10 μm noticeably reduced cold tolerance in the virus‐induced gene silencing line. Overall, our findings highlight the involvement of CaNAC035 in the cold response of pepper and provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance. These results offer promising prospects for molecular breeding strategies aimed at improving cold tolerance in pepper and other crops.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY,2023年88(16):11924-11934 ISSN：0022-3263
通讯作者：
Zeng, Jianguo;Cheng, P
作者机构：
[Liu, Yisong; Li, Kang; Huang, Lei; Xie, Hongqi; Zhang, Jingxuan; Wu, Huilan; Zeng, Jianguo; Wang, Lin; Cheng, Pi; Ye, Tian] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Key Lab Tradit Chinese Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Kang; Zhang, Jingxuan; Wu, Huilan; Wang, Lin] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Yisong; Huang, Lei; Xie, Hongqi; Zeng, Jianguo; Cheng, Pi; Ye, Tian] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Cheng, P; Zeng, Jianguo] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Key Lab Tradit Chinese Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Cheng, P; Zeng, Jianguo] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Cheng, P ; Zeng, JG] ;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Key Lab Tradit Chinese Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
A new method for the synthesis of & alpha;-amino phenylpropanoidsunder blue light-emitting diode irradiation has been developed through & alpha;-C-H benzylation of readily available N-phenylglycine ester with benzyl oxalates as a coupling partner under mildconditions. A range of N-phenyl glycine esters weresuccessfully converted to & alpha;-amino phenylpropanoid products inmoderate to good yields. The utility of this methodology is underlinedby its application to the late-state modification of natural products.
摘要：
Mulberry leaves contain various bioactive constituents and are widely used as traditional medicine and food in Asia. In this study, mulberry leaves were processed by solid-state fermentation (SSF) using a mixture microbial of Lactobacillus plantarum, Candida utilis, Trichoderma koningii, and Bacillus cereus. The effects of SSF on the metabolite profile, antioxidant activity, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity (GIA) of mulberry leaves were investigated. UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS-based widely targeted metabolomic analysis showed the detection of 11 classes of metabolites. SSF drastically influenced the metabolites of mulberry leaves. A total of 441 differential metabolites were identified after SSF, with 165 metabolites remarkably up-regulated and 276 metabolites of mulberry leaves drastically down-regulated during fermentation. The main types of differential metabolites were phenolic acids and flavonoids. Furthermore, SSF significantly increased the levels of total phenolics and flavonoids, and enhanced the scavenging activities of DPPH radical and ABTS & sdot;+, reducing power, ferrous ion chelating ability, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of mulberry leaves. In conclusion, our study revealed that SSF remarkably improved the phytochemical components of mulberry leaves, thereby contributing to the enhancement of antioxidant and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities.
作者：
Che, Gen;Pan, Yupeng;Liu, Xiaofeng;Li, Min;Zhao, Jianyu;...
期刊：
PLANT CELL,2023年35(2):738-755 ISSN：1040-4651
通讯作者：
Yiqun Weng<&wdkj&>Xiaolan Zhang
作者机构：
[Li, Min; Zhang, Xiaolan; Yan, Shuangshuang; Cheng, Zhihua; Song, Weiyuan; Zhao, Jianyu; He, Yuting; Che, Gen; Wang, Zhongyi; Zhou, Zhaoyang; Liu, Xiaofeng] China Agr Univ, State Key Labs Agrobiotechnol, Beijing Key Lab Growth & Dev Regulat Protected Veg, MOE Joint Lab Int Cooperat Crop Mol Breeding, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Che, Gen] Inner Mongolia Univ, Sch Life Sci, Key Lab Herbage & Endem Crop Biol, Minist Educ, Hohhot 010070, Peoples R China.;[Weng, Yiqun; Pan, Yupeng] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Hort Dept, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;[Wu, Tao] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Weng, Yiqun] ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
通讯机构：
[Yiqun Weng] H;[Xiaolan Zhang] S;Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 , USA<&wdkj&>USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit , 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 , USA<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, MOE Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
摘要：
Fruit length is a key domestication trait that affects crop yield and appearance. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruits vary from 5∼60 cm in length. Despite the identification of several regulators and multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying fruit length, the natural variation and molecular mechanisms underlying differences in fruit length are poorly understood. Through map-based cloning, we identified a nonsynonymous polymorphism (G to A) in CRABS CLAW (CsCRC) as underlying the major-effect fruit size/shape QTL FS5.2 in cucumber. The short fruit allele CsCRCA is a rare allele that has only been found in round-fruited semi-wild Xishuangbanna cucumbers. A near-isogenic line (NIL) homozygous for CsCRCA exhibited a 34∼39% reduction in fruit length. Introducing CsCRCG into this NIL rescued the short-fruit phenotype, and knockdown of CsCRCG resulted in shorter fruit and smaller cells. In natural cucumber populations, CsCRCG expression was positively correlated with fruit length. Further, CsCRCG, but not CsCRCA, targets the downstream auxin-responsive protein gene CsARP1 to regulate its expression. Knockout of CsARP1 produced shorter fruit with smaller cells. Hence, our work suggests that CsCRCG positively regulates fruit elongation through transcriptional activation of CsARP1 and thus enhances cell expansion. Using different CsCRC alleles provides a strategy to manipulate fruit length in cucumber breeding.
摘要：
Lithocarpus litseifolius (Hance) Chun 1837 is an evergreen tree of Fagaceae, which can be used as sweet tea, natural sweetener, and precious medicinal material. The complete chloroplast genome of L. litseifolius was sequenced and its phylogenetic relationship was analyzed in this study. The chloroplast genome of L. litseifolius has a circular structure with a length of 161,322 bp, and it contains a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs 25,897 bp), a large single copy (LSC 90,551 bp), and a small single copy (SSC 18,977 bp). There were 131 genes identified, including 37 tRNA, 8 rRNA, and 86 mRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis of 23 species of Fagaceae indicated that Lithocarpus is monophyletic with strong bootstrap, and L. litseifolius is genetically closely related to Lithocarpus polystachyus.
关键词：
carbon quantum dots;coffee;cytotoxicity;pulsed electric field
摘要：
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from heat-treated foods show toxicity, but the mechanisms of toxicity and removal of CQDs have not been elucidated. In this study, CQDs were purified from roasted coffee beans through a process of concentration, dialysis and lyophilization. The physical properties of CQDs, the degree and mechanism of toxicity and the removal method were studied. Our results showed that the size of CQDs roasted for 5 min, 10 min and 20 min were about 5.69 & PLUSMN; 1.10 nm, 2.44 & PLUSMN; 1.08 nm and 1.58 & PLUSMN; 0.48 nm, respectively. The rate of apoptosis increased with increasing roasting time and concentration of CQDs. The longer the roasting time of coffee beans, the greater the toxicity of CQDs. However, the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK was not able to inhibit CQDs-induced apoptosis. Moreover, CQDs affected the pH value of lysosomes, causing the accumulation of RIPK1 and RIPK3 in lysosomes. Treatment of coffee beans with a pulsed electric field (PEF) significantly reduced the yield of CQDs. This indicates that CQDs induced lysosomal-dependent cell death and increased the rate of cell death through necroptosis. PEF is an effective way to remove CQDs from roasted coffee beans.
通讯机构：
[Fei, ZJ ; Wu, S] B;[Zou, XX ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Engn Res Ctr Germplasm Innovat & New Varieties Bre, Key Lab Vegetable Biol Hunan Prov, Changsha, Peoples R China.;Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY USA.;USDA Agr Res Serv, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
摘要：
Pepper (Capsicum spp.) is one of the earliest cultivated crops and includes five domesticated species, C. annuum var. annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. baccatum var. pendulum and C. pubescens. Here, we report a pepper graph pan-genome and a genome variation map of 500 accessions from the five domesticated Capsicum species and close wild relatives. We identify highly differentiated genomic regions among the domesticated peppers that underlie their natural variations in flowering time, characteristic flavors, and unique resistances to biotic and abiotic stresses. Domestication sweeps detected in C. annuum var. annuum and C. baccatum var. pendulum are mostly different, and the common domestication traits, including fruit size, shape and pungency, are achieved mainly through the selection of distinct genomic regions between these two cultivated species. Introgressions from C. baccatum into C. chinense and C. frutescens are detected, including those providing genetic sources for various biotic and abiotic stress tolerances.
作者机构：
[Mo, Qiong; Zhang, Damao; Yu, Xiaoying; Xiong, Xingyao; Li, Yanlin; Liu, Yang; Li, YL] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Engn Res Ctr Hort Crop Germplasm Creat & New Varie, Hunan Midsubtrop Qual Plant Breeding & Utilizat En, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Lin, Ling] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Econ, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Li, Weidong] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Hunan Hort Res Inst, Hunan Key Lab Germplasm Innovat & Comprehens Utili, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Xiong, Xingyao; Li, Yanlin; Li, YL] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Agr Genom Inst Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, Peoples R China.;[Xiong, Xingyao; Li, Yanlin; Li, YL] Kunpeng Inst Modern Agr, Foshan 528225, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yu, XY; Xiong, XY; Li, YL ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Engn Res Ctr Hort Crop Germplasm Creat & New Varie, Hunan Midsubtrop Qual Plant Breeding & Utilizat En, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Agr Genom Inst Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, Peoples R China.;Kunpeng Inst Modern Agr, Foshan 528225, Peoples R China.;Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Biol Sci, 60 Nanyang Dr, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
关键词：
L. chinense var. rubrum;bHLH transcription factor;expression analyses;anthocyanin
摘要：
The basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor family is the second-largest transcription factor family in plants. Members of this family are involved in the processes of growth and development, secondary metabolic biosynthesis, signal transduction, and plant resistance. Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum is a critical woody plant with higher ornamental and economic values, which has been used as ornamental architecture and traditional Chinese herbal medicine plants. However, the bHLH transcription factors in Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum (L. chinense var. rubrum) have not yet been systematically demonstrated, and their role in the biosynthesis of anthocyanin is still unclear. Here, we identified 165 potential LcbHLHs genes by using two methods, and they were unequally distributed on chromosomes 1 to 12 of the genome of L. chinense var. rubrum. Based on an evolutionary comparison with proteins from Arabidopsis and Oryza sativa, these bHLH proteins were categorized into 21 subfamilies. Most LcbHLHs in a particular subfamily had similar gene structures and conserved motifs. The Gene Ontology annotation and Cis-elements predicted that LcbHLHs had many molecular functions and were involved in processes of plant growth, including the biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanins. Transcriptomic analysis revealed different expression patterns among different tissues and cultivars of L. chinense var. rubrum. Many LcbHLHs were expressed in the leaves, and only a few genes were highly expressed in the flowers. Six LcbHLHs candidate genes were identified by bioinformatics analysis and expression analysis. Further Real-time quantitative PCR analysis and protein interaction network analysis showed that LcbHLH156, which is one of the candidate proteins belonging to the IIIf subfamily, could interact with proteins related to anthocyanin synthesis. Therefore, LcbHLH156 was transiently expressed in L. chinense var. rubrum to verify its function in regulating anthocyanin synthesis. Compared with the control group, red pigment accumulation appeared at the wound after injection, and the total anthocyanin content increased at the wound of leaves. These results lay a foundation for the research of the regulation mechanism of leaf colors in L. chinense var. rubrum and also provide a basis for the function of the LcbHLH family.
摘要：
Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil, a traditional medicinal herb, is enriched with several pharmacologically active terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs). At present, no method has been reported that can comprehensively select and evaluate the appropriate reference genes for gene expression analysis, especially the transcription factors and key enzyme genes involved in the biosynthesis pathway of TIAs in U. rhynchophylla. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is currently the most common method for detecting gene expression levels due to its high sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and ease of use. However, this methodology is dependent on selecting an optimal reference gene to accurately normalize the RT-qPCR results. Ten candidate reference genes, which are homologues of genes used in other plant species and are common reference genes, were used to evaluate the expression stability under three stress-related experimental treatments (methyl jasmonate, ethylene, and low temperature) using multiple stability analysis methodologies. The results showed that, among the candidate reference genes, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAM) exhibited a higher expression stability under the experimental conditions tested. Using SAM as a reference gene, the expression profiles of 14 genes for key TIA enzymes and a WRKY1 transcription factor were examined under three experimental stress treatments that affect the accumulation of TIAs in U. rhynchophylla. The expression pattern of WRKY1 was similar to that of tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) under ETH treatment. This research is the first to report the stability of reference genes in U. rhynchophylla and provides an important foundation for future gene expression analyses in U. rhynchophylla. The RT-qPCR results indicate that the expression of WRKY1 is similar to that of TDC under ETH treatment. It may coordinate the expression of TDC, providing a possible method to enhance alkaloid production in the future through synthetic biology.
摘要：
Aroma is one of the significant quality factors of dark tea (DT). However, for a single large-leaf tea variety, there are few studies analyzing the effect of pile-fermentation on the aroma quality of DT. The GC×GC-QTOFMS, electronic nose (E-nose) and GC-olfactometry (GC-O) techniques were employed to analysis the difference of tea products before and after pile-fermentation. A total of 149 volatile metabolites (VMs) were identified, with 92 VMs exhibiting differential characteristics. Among these, 31 VMs with OAV>1.0 were found to be correlated with E-nose results (|r| > 0.8). Additionally, GC-O analysis validated seven major differential metabolites. Notably, naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, and dibenzofuran were found to enhance the woody aroma, while (Z)-4-heptenal, 2-nonenal and 1-hexanol were associated with an increase in mushroom, fatty and sweet odors, respectively. Moreover, 1-octen-3-ol was linked to reducing pungent fishy smell. These findings could provide a certain theoretical basis for understanding the influence of pile-fermentation on the aroma quality of dark tea.
作者机构：
[Liao, Dalong; Wang, Ning; Wei, Mengting; Lan, Chaohua; Zhu, Hui; Xu, Kewei; Li, Linman] Sichuan Univ Sci & Engn, Coll Bioengn, Zigong, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Ning] Luzhou Laojiao Co Ltd, Luzhou, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Ning] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Ning; Sun, Haiyan; Tang, Yongqing] Chengdu Chongqing Shuangcheng Econ Circle Luzhou A, Luzhou, Peoples R China.;[Lu, Huiqiang] Gannan Normal Univ, Ctr Drug Screening & Res, Sch Geog & Environm Engn, Ganzhou, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wu, T ] X;[Zhu, H ] S;Sichuan Univ Sci & Engn, Coll Bioengn, Zigong, Peoples R China.;Xihua Univ, Sch Food & Biol Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Thrombosis is a key pathological event in cardiovascular diseases and is also the most important targeting process for their clinical management. In this study, arachidonic acid (AA) was used to induce thrombus formation in zebrafish larvae. Blood flow, red blood cell (RBCs) aggregation and cellular oxidative stress were measured to evaluate the antithrombotic effect of Tibetan tea (TT). Meanwhile, the potential molecular mechanism was further explored by transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). The results indicated that TT could significantly restore heart RBCs intensity of thrombotic zebrafish, whilst decreasing RBCs accumulation in the caudal vein. The transcriptome analysis revealed that the preventive effect of TT on thrombosis could be mostly attributed to changes in lipid metabolism related signaling pathways, such as fatty acid metabolism, glycerollipid metabolism, ECM-receptor interaction and steroid biosynthesis signaling pathway. This study demonstrated that Tibetan tea could alleviate thrombosis by reducing oxidative stress levels and regulating lipid metabolism.
摘要：
In order to understand the genetic diversity of germplasm resources of kumquats in Guangxi, 14 kumquat germplasm resources in Guangxi and 12 accessions from other provinces were analyzed by using SRAP markers. In total, 19 primer pairs with high stability, good reproducibility, and high polymorphism were chosen for analysis of all 26 kumquat genotypes. Among the 104 amplified bands, 90 (86.54%) were polymorphic. SRAP markers were analyzed by employing Principal Coordinate Analysis, Population Structure Analysis, and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (UPGMA). The classification results showed that the 26 kumquat germplasm resources could be divided into 5 groups, including cultivated kumquat, intergeneric hybrid, wild kumquat from other provinces, wild kumquat, and hybrid kumquat from Guangxi. The Guangxi kumquat germplasm had high genetic diversity, and were clearly divided into three groups: cultivated kumquat, wild kumquat, and hybrid kumquat. Additionally, the eight cultivated kumquat varieties in Guangxi were further divided into two subgroups. Wild kumquat in Guangxi or in other provinces belonged to different groups; meanwhile, the Guangxi kumquat hybrid formed an independent group, thus indicating that Guangxi wild kumquat and hybrid kumquat possess certain specificity, or they possibly belong to different species. Among the tested 26 kumquat accessions, 23 unique genotype-specific SRAP markers were detected for 14 kumquat genotypes, which were positively identified. For the remaining 12 accessions without genotype-specific markers, they were distinguished by various combinations of markers. These results may have certain importance for kumquat genetic research and cultivar selection.
期刊：
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION,2023年10:1082250 ISSN：2296-861X
通讯作者：
Liu, Z.;Wen, L.;Wang, J.
作者机构：
[Ye, Mengke; Zou, Lirui; Li, Mengyao; Wang, Ji; Cheng, Xianyu; Wen, Lixin; Liu, Xiangyan; Qu, Jianyu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Hunan Engn Res Ctr Livestock & Poultry Hlth Care, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Wen, Chi] Hunan Chu Ming Tea Ind Co Ltd, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Zhonghua] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Natl Res Ctr Engn Technol Utilizat Funct Ingredien, Key Lab Tea Sci Minist Educ, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Ji] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Anim Nutr Genome & Germplasm Innovat Res Ctr, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Ji] Changsha Lvye Biotechnol Co Ltd, Changsha, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wen, L.; Wang, J.] H;[Liu, Z.] K;Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, China;Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, China
关键词：
compound dark tea;Gut Microbiota;Obesity;Lipid Metabolism;Hepatic Steatosis
摘要：
Dark tea is a fermented tea that plays a role in regulating the homeostasis of intestinal microorganisms. Previous studies have found that dark tea can improve obesity and has a lipid-lowering effect. In this study, green tea, Ilex latifolia Thunb (kuding tea) and Momordica grosvenori (Luo Han Guo) were added to a new compound dark tea (CDT), to improve the taste and health of this beverage. High-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice were treated with low- (6 mg/mL) or high- (12 mg/mL) concentrations of CDT for 18 weeks to assess their effect on lipid metabolism. Our results suggest that low- and high-concentrations of CDT could reduce body weight by 15 and 16% and by 44 and 38% of body fat, respectively, by attenuating body weight gain and fat accumulation, improving glucose tolerance, alleviating metabolic endotoxemia, and regulating the mRNA expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes. In addition, low concentrations of CDT were able to reduce the abundance of Desulfovibrio, which is positively associated with obesity, and increase the abundance of Ruminococcus, which are negatively associated with obesity. This study demonstrates the effect of CDT on ameliorating lipid metabolism and provides new insights into the research and development of functional tea beverages.
