作者机构：
[Ling, Hao] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Ling, Hao] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Key Lab Tradit Chinese Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Ziyang; He, Youkuan; Zhang, Peihua; Xiao, Hongyan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Peihua Zhang] C;College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
Simple Summary In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) supplementation on performance, nutrient apparent digestibilities, plasma metabolites, and milk quality in dairy goats. The active ingredients of MCE are sanguinarine and chelerythrine, which are from the medicinal plant (Willd.) R. Br. Dietary supplementation with MCE can increase performance and the apparent nutrient digestibility of fiber in dairy goats. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) supplementation on performance, nutrient apparent digestibilities, plasma metabolites, and milk quality in dairy goats. Twenty-four lactating Guanzhong dairy goats (n = 24) were randomly divided into two groups (each containing 12 goats) in a 52-day trial: the CON group was fed a basal diet; the MCE group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg MCE. The results indicated that the 4% fat corrected milk yield (4% FCM); uncorrected milk yield; milk-fat concentration; content of C4:0, C18:0, and C18:1n9c fatty acids in milk; and apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in the MCE group were significantly higher (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the lactoferrin (LTF), alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-La), and beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg) of the milk and feed conversion rate (FCR) of the goats were significantly greater (p < 0.01) in the MCE group than in the CON group. In contrast, the somatic cell count (SCC) (p < 0.01), content of C14:0 fatty acids (p < 0.01) of milk, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations (p < 0.05) were significantly lower in the in the MCE goats. These results show that the feeding of MCE can increase the performance and apparent nutrient digestibility of fiber in dairy goats, improving the quality of goat milk.
关键词：
Coumarins;Biosynthesis;O-Methyltransferase;Catalytic promiscuity and fidelity;Angelica decursiva
摘要：
Angelica decursiva, an important traditional medicinal plant, possesses a unique pharmacological activity. Its principal active ingredients are coumarins, including scopoletin, bergapten, and imperatorin. However, the enzymes catalyzing the critical step of coumarins biosynthesis pathway remain unidentified. This study initially screened 14 candidate O-methyltransferases (OMTs) through transcriptomics and metabolic determination. Combined with gene expression profile and biochemical assays, two OMTs (AdOMT1 and AdOMT2) were identified to be responsible for the O-methylation of coumarins in A. decursiva. AdOMT1 showed higher catalytic efficiency for bergaptol (Kcat/Km = 3123.70), while AdOMT2 exhibited higher substrate and catalytic pro-miscuity, allowing it to catalyze the methylation of various coumarins, phenylpropanes, and flavonoids. Based on molecular docking and site-specific mutagenesis determined that His126/Asn132, Phe171/Phe177, Trp261/ Trp267, and Asn312/Ile317 were the key catalytic residues of AdOMT1 and AdOMT2 for the O-methylation of bergaptol and xanthotoxol. Further phylogenetic analysis confirmed the reasons for the catalytic functional differentiation of AdOMT1 and AdOMT2. This study provides a basis for exploring the coumarins O-methylation mechanism and plays a critical role in diversifying the structures used in coumarins drug discovery.
摘要：
Obesity is regarded to be correlated with disorders of lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Moringa-Fu brick tea (MFBT), a functional food, has a significant anti-obesity effect. However, the effectiveness and mechanisms of MFBT in preventing obesity require further investigation. Here, our results show that moringa-Fu brick tea extract (MFTE) displays anti-obesity effects by reducing high-fat diet-induced weight gain and adipose tissue accumulation in rats, and attenuating visceral adiposity index, oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, MFTE could regulate gut microbiota diversity, reduce the relative abundance of microbioa associated with bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity, such as Blautia, Ruminococcaceae, Coprococcus and Roseburia. Moreover, MFTE could improve the expression of the main rate-limiting enzymes CYP7A1 and CYP27A1 in the process of bile acid synthesis, downregulate the expression of intestinal FXR protein, promote the serum bile acid level, and reduce the accumulation of cholesterol in serum and liver. Taken together, these results suggested that MFBT could serve as a functional food for prevention of obesity and hyperlipidemia in association with regulating bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota.
作者机构：
[Guangming Yuan; Yao Yuan] College of Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.;[Fuxiang Cao] College of Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China<&wdkj&>College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
通讯机构：
[Fuxiang Cao] C;College of Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China<&wdkj&>College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
Amino acid is the main transport form of reduced nitrogen in plants. To investigate the uptake and source–sink translocation process of plants to help understand their physiological roles and transport mechanisms, we designed and synthesized three fluorescent-dye-labeled amino acids as tools to visualize amino acid transportation in Arabidopsis thaliana; these amino acids consist of amino acids linked to the fluorophore nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) with excellent optical properties. Furthermore, we incubated Arabidopsis thaliana with these NBD fluorescent-dye-labeled amino acids for real-time imaging along with fluorescence enhancement for 24 h. The results showed that Arabidopsis thaliana could absorb them directly from the roots to the leaves. Therefore, our fluorescent-dye-labeled amino acids provide a de novo tool and strategy for visualizing amino acid absorption and transportation in plants.
通讯机构：
[Qin Li] N;National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
Sex determination in plants gives rise to unisexual flowers. A better understanding of the regulatory mechanism underlying the production of unisexual flowers will help to clarify the process of sex determination in plants and allow researchers and farmers to harness heterosis. Androecious cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants can be used as the male parent when planted alongside a gynoecious line to produce heterozygous seeds, thus reducing the cost of seed production. The isolation and characterization of additional androecious genotypes in varied backgrounds will increase the pool of available germplasm for breeding. Here, we discovered an androecious mutant in a previously generated ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized library of the cucumber inbred line '406'. Genetic analysis, whole-genome resequencing, and molecular marker-assisted verification demonstrated that a nonsynonymous mutation in the ethylene biosynthetic gene 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE 11 (ACS11) conferred androecy. The mutation caused an amino acid change from serine (Ser) to phenylalanine (Phe) at position 301 (S301F). In vitro enzyme activity assays revealed that this S301F mutation leads to a complete loss of enzymatic activity. This study provides a new germplasm for use in cucumber breeding as the androecious male parent, and it offers new insights into the catalytic mechanism of ACS enzymes.
通讯机构：
[Wenjun Xiao; Wenjun Xiao Wenjun Xiao Wenjun Xiao] K;Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
摘要：
High glucose levels can lead to the apoptosis of islet β cells, while autophagy can provide cytoprotection and promote autophagic cell death. Vitamin B12, a water-soluble B vitamin, has been shown to regulate insulin secretion and increase insulin sensitivity. However, the precise mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the influence of vitamin B12 on high glucose-induced apoptosis and autophagy in RIN-m5F cells to elucidate how vitamin B12 modulates insulin release. Our results demonstrate that exposure to 45 mM glucose led to a significant increase in the apoptosis rate of RIN-m5F cells. The treatment with vitamin B12 reduced the apoptosis rate and increased the number of autophagosomes. Moreover, vitamin B12 increased the ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta to microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha (LC3-II/LC3-I), while decreasing the amount of sequestosome 1 (p62) and inhibiting the phosphorylation of p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) under both normal- and high-glucose conditions. The additional experiments revealed that vitamin B12 inhibited high glucose-induced apoptosis. Notably, this protective effect was attenuated when the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine was introduced. Our findings suggest that vitamin B12 protects islet β cells against apoptosis induced by high glucose levels, possibly by inducing autophagy.
摘要：
Biological activity and application of chlorogenic acid in food. Summary In recent years, people have been paying more attention to food safety and dietary health. An increasing number of natural active ingredients are used in the field of food and nutrition. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), as a phenolic acid compound extensive present in the diet, has been reported to have a variety of beneficial biological activities in alleviating and preventing various diet‐related chronic diseases. Moreover, it has various applications in food safety and food nutrition as a new type of food additive. In this context, this paper reviews the role of CGA as an antioxidant, antibacterial, hypotensive, hypoglycaemic, antiobesity and gastrointestinal health agent starting from its distribution, source, in vivo metabolism and isolation. Furthermore, the practical application of chlorogenic acid in active food packaging, food quality control and nutritional dietary supplements is discussed. Finally, the future development and challenges of CGA in the field of food is described, providing new ideas for the application of CGA in food safety and dietary supplements and future research.
通讯机构：
[Ligui Xiong; Zhonghua Liu; Yushun Gong] N;National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
关键词：
Fuzhuan brick tea;Cholesterol;Fat storage;Sterol regulatory element-binding protein
摘要：
Fuzhuan brick-tea (FZT) has long been consumed for its supposed weight loss and lipid-lowering benefits. In this study, we show that the regulation of fat storage in Caenorhabditis elegans from a water extract of FZT was affected by cholesterol levels. We found that FZT significantly decreased fat storage under normal cholesterol levels or in a cholesterol-free diet, while lipid accumulation was increased for a high cholesterol diet. Moreover, this mechanism may involve the conserved sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)/ mediator-15 (MDT-15) signaling pathway and the nuclear hormone receptor NHR-80. In addition, lipid synthesis-related genes inhibited by FZT were partially affected by a cholesterol-free diet. Thus, our findings suggested that the potential lipid-lowering effects of FZT may depend on the cholesterol level, which may help to improve the consumption of FZT. (c) 2023 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
期刊：
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture,2023年155(1):103-115 ISSN：0167-6857
通讯作者：
Deng, ZN;Li, Y
作者机构：
[Deng, Ziniu; Tang, Dan; Deng, ZN] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Kumar, Rahul; Yer, Huseyin; Li, Yanjun; Tang, Dan; Zhai, Longmei; Li, Wei; Li, Yi] Univ Connecticut, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, Storrs, CT 06279 USA.;[Zhai, Longmei; Li, Wei] China Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Duan, Hui] USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.;[Cheng, Baoping] Guangdong Acad Agr Sci, Plant Protect Res Inst, Guangdong Prov Key Lab High Technol Plant Protect, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Li, Y ] U;[Deng, ZN ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Univ Connecticut, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, Storrs, CT 06279 USA.
关键词：
iaaM gene;CKX gene;Root-predominant expression;Root initiation and growth;Root biomass;Citrus
摘要：
Promoting initiation and biomass production of roots is significant for plant-based industries including using roots as bioreactors. Two citrus genotypes, Carrizo and US-897, were used as model plants to test the effects of root-predominantly overexpressed the iaaM (indoleacetic acid-tryptophan monooxygenase) gene and a CKX (a cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase) gene. The iaaM transgenic lines exhibited markedly faster root initiation, more root numbers, and higher root biomass compared to their wild-type counterparts. The transgenic iaaM + CKX plants also exhibited similar phenotypes, albeit to a lesser extent than the iaaM plants. Molecular analysis revealed an auxin-responsive CsGH3.1 gene was up-regulated in the iaaM roots and iaaM + CKX roots, and a cytokinin-responsive gene CsARR5 gene was down-regulated in the iaaM + CKX roots. Our results demonstrate that root predominant overexpression of the iaaM or both the iaaM and CKX genes drastically enhances the initiation, growth and biomass production of roots. These results provide additional support that manipulation of auxin and cytokinin levels in roots via transgenic or gene-editing technologies may benefit production of high-value secondary metabolites using roots as bioreactors and also improve rooting of recalcitrant plant species. Key messageRoot-predominant overexpression of an auxin synthetic gene and a cytokinin degradation gene in citrus enhance initiation and biomass production of roots.
摘要：
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most widely grown vegetable crops in China, with widespread cultivation worldwide. Fruit weight (size) is a complex trait controlled by multiple factors and is an essential determinant of pepper yield. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome of two pepper recombinant lines with different fruit weights, 'B302' and 'B400', at five developmental stages to reveal some of the differentially expressed genes and mechanisms controlling fruit weight. The results showed that 21,878 differential genes were identified between the two specimens. Further analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed that Boron transporter 4 was significantly highly expressed in the large-fruited pepper and almost not expressed at all in the small-fruited pepper. CaAUX1, CaAUX/IAA, CaGH3, CaSAUR, and other related genes in the Auxin signal transduction pathway were highly expressed in the large-fruited pepper but significantly reduced in the small-fruited pepper. In addition, a comparison of differentially expressed transcription factors at different times revealed that transcription factors such as CaMADS3, CaAGL8, CaATHB13, and CaATHB-40 were highly differentially expressed in the large-fruited pepper, and these transcription factors may be related to pepper fruit expansion. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), the MEorangered4 module was shown to have a highly significant correlation with fruit weight, and the key modules were analyzed by constructing the hub core gene network interactions map and core genes regulating fruit weight such as APETALA 2 were found. In conclusion, we find that the expression of relevant genes at different developmental stages was different in 'B302' and 'B400', and it was hypothesized that these genes play essential roles in the development of fruit size and that the interactions occurring between transcription factors and phytohormones may regulate the development of fruit size.
摘要：
Anthocyanins are biosynthesized on the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum and then transported to the vacuole for storage. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are involved in the transport of anthocyanins. However, the regulatory mechanism of GSTs in potato is unclear. In this study, the glutathione S-transferase gene StGST1 was isolated from potato and characterized. Expression analysis revealed that StGST1 transcript levels were higher in pigmented tubers than in white tubers. Overexpression of StGST1 promoted anthocyanin accumulation in the tuber. Transient luciferase analysis revealed that the promoter of StGST1 was activated by the transcription factors StAN2 and StAN11. These results indicated that StGST1 promotes anthocyanin accumulation in potato tubers. These findings have important implications for improvement of anthocyanin accumulation in pigmented potato tubers.
通讯机构：
[Li, M ] C;[Cao, FX ] H;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Hunan Midsubtrop Qual Plant Breeding & Utilizat En, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
DiLAC17;Dove tree (Davidia involucrata Baill.);Laccase;Lignin biosynthesis;Seed abortion
摘要：
Seed abortion is a common phenomenon in woody plants, especially in rare and endangered species. Serious seed abortion occurs in the dove tree and largely restricts its natural reproduction. A number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal and aborted seeds of the dove tree have been previously identified through transcriptome profiling. Among these, most DEGs encoding laccase showed significant upregulation in the aborted seeds. In this study, the laccase gene with the highest expression level in aborted seeds, DiLAC17, was cloned from the dove tree genome and further verified. Overexpression of the DiLAC17 gene in Arabidopsis resulted in retarded growth, deformed siliques, and severe seed abortion. Most Arabidopsis genes involved in seed development, such as AtLEC2, AtANT1, and AtRGE1, were suppressed in the transgenic lines. Laccase activity and lignin content were significantly improved in transgenic lines under ectopic overexpression of the DiLAC17 gene. Excessive lignin accumulation in the early developmental stage was assumed to be a key cause of restricting silique growth and seed expansion, which ultimately led to seed abortion. These results indicate a laccase-mediated pathway for seed abortion, which might be a strategy adopted by this rare and endangered species to reduce the reproductive load.
摘要：
Pyrrosia petiolosa (Christ) Ching has both medicinal and health benefits in China. The potential antioxidant activities of P. petiolosa, which are mainly attributed to its flavonoids, have attracted much attention in recent years. The present study aimed to determine the concentration of flavonoid components and evaluate the relative antioxidant activities of P. petiolosa from different geographic origins using a UPLC-MRM-MS-based metabolomics approach. In total, 97 flavonoid components were identified, and their concentrations in the samples from different geographic locations showed significant variation. Thirteen flavonoid components were identified as potential biomarkers for distinguishing between the two major regions, Guizhou (GZ) and Guangxi (GX). The GZ group showed higher total flavonoid content, free radical scavenging activities, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. The well positive correlations were found between the antioxidant capacities and some flavonoid markers. The ecogeographic factors, namely altitude and longitude, play a crucial role in the difference of antioxidant activities and flavonoids concentration. These results indicate that P. petiolosa is rich in flavonoid compounds and is a promising source of natural antioxidants, providing a basis for the quality control of P. petiolosa.
通讯机构：
[Zhonghua Liu] K;Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
Aging-associated cognitive dysfunction has a great influence on the lifespan and healthspan of the elderly. Theaflavins (TFs), a mixture of ingredients formed from enzymatic oxidation of catechins during the manufacture of tea, have a positive contribution to the qualities and antiaging activities of black tea. However, the role of TFs in mitigating aging-induced cognitive dysfunction and the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we find that TFs effectively improve behavioral impairment via the microbiota-gut-brain axis: TFs maintain gut homeostasis by improving antioxidant ability, strengthening the immune response, increasing the expression of tight junction proteins, restructuring the gut microbiota, and altering core microbiota metabolites, i.e., short-chain fatty acids and essential amino acids (SCFAs and AAs), and upregulating brain neurotrophic factors. Removing the gut microbiota with antibiotics partly abolishes the neuroprotective effects of TFs. Besides, correlation analysis indicates that the decrease in gut microbiota, such as Bacteroidetes and Lachnospiraceae, and the increase in microbiota metabolites' levels are positively correlated with behavioral improvements. Taken together, our findings reveal a potential role of TFs in mitigating aging-driven cognitive dysfunction via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The intake of TFs can be translated into a novel dietary intervention approach against aging-induced cognitive decline.
