摘要：
Cytochrome P450s play critical roles in the metabolic resistance of insecticides in insects. Previous findings showed that enhanced P450 activity was an important mechanism mediating indoxacarb resistance, and multiple P450 genes were upregulated in indoxacarb resistant strains of Spodoptera litura. However, the functions of these P450 genes in insecticide resistance remain unknown. Here, the P450 inhibitor PBO effectively decreased the resistance of S. litura to indoxacarb. Ten upregulated P450 genes were characterized, all of which were overexpressed in response to indoxacarb induction. Knockdown of nine P450 genes decreased cell viability against indoxacarb, and further silencing of three genes (CYP339A1, CYP340G2, CYP321A19) in larvae enhanced the sensitivity to indoxacarb. Transgenic overexpression of these three genes increased resistance to indoxacarb in Drosophila melanogaster. Moreover, molecular modeling and docking predicted that these three P450 proteins could bind tightly to indoxacarb and N-decarbomethoxylated metabolite (DCJW). Interestingly, these three P450 genes may also mediate cross-resistance to chlorantraniliprole, λ-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid. Additionally, heterologous expression and metabolic assays confirmed that three recombinant P450s could effectively metabolize indoxacarb and DCJW. This study strongly demonstrates that multiple overexpressed mitochondrial and microsomal P450 genes were involved in insecticide resistance in S. litura.
作者机构：
[Long, Qingshan; Liu, Qingshu; Tang, Ying] Hunan Inst Microbiol, Hunan Prov Engn Res Ctr Agr Microbiol Applicat, Changsha 410009, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Wen] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Shanghai Vet Res Inst, Key Lab Vet Chem Drugs & Pharmaceut, Minist Agr & Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Haibo; Bian, Xiaoying] Shandong Univ, State Key Lab Microbial Technol, Helmholtz Inst Biotechnol, Helmholtz Int Lab Antiinfect, Qingdao 266237, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Wu; Chen, W] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, QS ; Chen, W ] H;[Bian, XY ] S;Hunan Inst Microbiol, Hunan Prov Engn Res Ctr Agr Microbiol Applicat, Changsha 410009, Peoples R China.;Shandong Univ, State Key Lab Microbial Technol, Helmholtz Inst Biotechnol, Helmholtz Int Lab Antiinfect, Qingdao 266237, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Covering: 2005 to August, 2023Polyamine-containing natural products (NPs) have been isolated from a wide range of terrestrial and marine organisms and most of them exhibit remarkable and diverse activities, including antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, antiangiogenic, antitumor, antiviral, iron-chelating, anti-depressive, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, antiobesity, and antioxidant properties. Their extraordinary activities and potential applications in human health and agriculture attract increasing numbers of studies on polyamine-containing NPs. In this review, we summarized the source, structure, classification, bioactivities and biosynthesis of polyamine-containing NPs, focusing on the biosynthetic mechanism of polyamine itself and representative polyamine alkaloids, polyamine-containing siderophores with catechol/hydroxamate/hydroxycarboxylate groups, nonribosomal peptide-(polyketide)-polyamine (NRP-(PK)-PA), and NRP-PK-long chain poly-fatty amine (lcPFAN) hybrid molecules. Polyamine-containing natural products have been isolated from a wide range of terrestrial and marine organisms. Most of them exhibit remarkable and diverse activities with potential applications in human health and agriculture.
摘要：
Being a destructive pest worldwide, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci has evolved resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides. The third-generation neonicotinoid dinotefuran has commonly been applied to the control of the whitefly, but its underlying mechanism is currently unknown. On the base of our transcriptome data, here we aim to investigate whether the cytochrome P450 CYP6EM1 underlies dinotefuran resistance in the whitefly. Compared to the susceptible strain, the CYP6EM1 gene was found to be highly expressed in both laboratory and field dinotefuran-resistant populations. Upon exposure to dinotefuran, the mRNA levels of CYP6EM1 were increased. These results demonstrate the involvement of this gene in dinotefuran resistance. Loss and gain of functional studies in vivo were conducted through RNAi and transgenic Drosophila melanogaster assays, confirming the role of CYP6EM1 in conferring such resistance. In a metabolism assay in vitro, the CYP6EM1 protein could metabolize 28.11% of dinotefuran with a possible dinotefuran-dm-NNO metabolite via UPLC-QTOF/MS. Docking of dinotefuran to the CYP6EM1 protein showed a good binding affinity, with an energy of less than -6.0 kcal/mol. Overall, these results provide compelling evidence that CYP6EM1 plays a crucial role in the metabolic resistance of B. tabaci to dinotefuran. Our work provides new insights into the mechanism underlying neonicotinoid resistance and applied knowledge that can contribute to sustainable control of a global pest such as whitefly.
作者机构：
[Zhang, Ya; Zhou, Leyin; Zeng, Hao] College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Wang, Chong] College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Yang, Xiao] Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;[Liu, Shuangqing] College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. Electronic address: liushuangqing@hunau.edu.cn
通讯机构：
[Shuangqing Liu] C;College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) is a new type of agrochemical used to prevent plant diseases, but its effects on aquatic organisms are unclear. To comprehensively assess the impacts of PCA for aquatic organisms and its associated environmental risks, this study investigated, taking zebrafish as the research object, the toxicological mechanism of PCA by means of optical microscopy, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, ultrastructural observation, physiological and biochemical testing, transcriptome sequencing, metabolome analysis, fluorescence quantitative PCR and molecular simulation. The results indicated that PCA was detrimental to zebrafish embryos, larvae and adults, with LC(50) values at 96h of 3.9093mg/L, 8.5075mg/L, and 13.6388mg/L, respectively. PCA caused abnormal spontaneous movement, slowed the heart rate, delayed hatching, shortened the body length, slowed growth, and caused malformations. PCA mainly affected the brain, liver, heart, and ovaries. PCA distorted cell morphology, damaged mitochondrial membranes, disintegrated mitochondrial ridges, and dissociated nuclear membranes. PCA inhibited the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and disrupted antioxidant effects. The results of omics studies confirmed that PCA interfered with the transcriptional and metabolic network of zebrafish, downregulating most genes and metabolites. PCA mainly affected functions related to mitochondrial steroids, lipids, sterols, oxidoreductase activity and pathways involving cofactors, steroids, porphyrin, cytochromes, which specifically bound to targets such as panx3, agmat, and ace2. PCA was moderately toxic to zebrafish, and its usage should be strictly controlled to reduce toxic effects on aquatic organisms. The results of this study provide a new insights for ecotoxicology research.
摘要：
The contamination of the plant phyllosphere with antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), caused by application of antibiotics, is a significant environmental issue in agricultural management. Alternatively, biocontrol agents are environmentally friendly and have attracted a lot of interest. However, the influence of biocontrol agents on the phyllosphere resistome remains unknown. In this study, we applied biocontrol agents to control the wildfire disease in the Solanaceae crops and investigated their effects on the resistome and the pathogen in the phyllosphere by using metagenomics. A total of 250 ARGs were detected from 15 samples, which showed a variation in distribution across treatments of biocontrol agents (BA), BA with Mg(2+) (T1), BA with Mn(2+) (T2), and kasugamycin (T3) and nontreated (CK). The results showed that the abundance of ARGs under the treatment of BA-Mg(2+) was lower than that in the CK group. The abundance of cphA3 (carbapenem resistance), PME-1 (carbapenem resistance), tcr3 (tetracycline antibiotic resistance), and AAC (3)-VIIIa (aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance) in BA-Mg(2+) was significantly higher than that in BA-Mn(2+) (P < 0.05). The abundance of cphA3, PME_1, and tcr3 was significantly negatively related to the abundance of the phyllosphere pathogen Pseudomonas syringae (P < 0.05). We also found that the upstream and downstream regions of cphA3 were relatively conserved, in which rpl, rpm, and rps gene families were identified in most sequences (92%). The Ka/Ks of cphA3 was 0 in all observed sequences, indicating that under the action of purifying selection, nonsynonymous substitutions are often gradually eliminated in the population. Overall, this study clarifies the effect of biocontrol agents with Mg(2+) on the distribution of the phyllosphere resistome and provides evolutionary insights into the biocontrol process. IMPORTANCE: Our study applied metagenomics analysis to examine the impact of biocontrol agents (BAs) on the phyllosphere resistome and the pathogen. Irregular use of antibiotics has led to the escalating dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. The majority of BA research has focused on the effect of monospecies on the plant disease control process, the role of the compound BA with nutrition elements in the phyllosphere disease, and the resistome is still unknown. We believe BAs are eco-friendly alternatives for antibiotics to combat the transfer of ARGs. Our results revealed that BA-Mg(2+) had a lower relative abundance of ARGs compared to the CK group, and the phyllosphere pathogen Pseudomonas syringae was negatively related to three specific ARGs, cphA3, PME-1, and tcr3. These three genes also present different Ka/Ks. We believe that the identification of the distribution and evolution modes of ARGs further elucidates the ecological role and facilitates the development of BAs, which will attract general interest in this field.
作者机构：
[Huan Yu; Hong Chen; Ni Li; Hua-Yan Xiao; Gong Chen; Guo-Hua Huang] Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Xinhuang Dong Autonomous County, Huaihua, Hunan, China;[Chang-Jin Yang] Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Xinhuang Dong Autonomous County, Huaihua, Hunan, China
通讯机构：
[Gong Chen; Guo-Hua Huang] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
关键词：
Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h);ascovirus;insect virus;pathogenicity;structural protein
摘要：
Different pathogenic processes of a virus in different hosts are related to the host individual differences, which makes the virus undergoes different survival pressures. Here, we found that the virions of an insect virus, Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h), had different protein composition when they were purified from different host larval species. These "adaptive changes" of the virions were analyzed in detail in this study, which mainly included the differences of the protein composition of virions and the differences in affinity between virions and different host proteins. The results of this study revealed the flexible changes of viruses to help themselves adapt to different hosts. Also, these interesting findings can provide new insights to improve our understanding of virus adaptability and virulence differentiation caused by the adaptation process.
通讯机构：
[Lin Qiu; Lin Qiu Lin Qiu Lin Qiu] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
作者机构：
[Wang, Zihao; Li, Xiaogang; Li, Chaonan; Wang, Ya] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Engn & Technol Res Ctr Bio Pesticide & Formulating, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xiaogang Li] E;Engineering & Technology Research Center for Bio Pesticide and Formulating Processing, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha410128, China
摘要：
Although paraquat is a widely used herbicide, it is toxic to humans if ingested or absorbed through an open wound. To improve the safety of paraquat, a new formulation of paraquat based on photoresponsive polymers was exploited. Photoresponsive β-cyclodextrin polymer microspheres (AZO-CD) were synthesized via a host-guest interaction between β-cyclodextrin and azobenzene. AZO-CD were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, circular dichroism, ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry, and thermogravimetric analysis, and their photoresponsiveness was also evaluated. AZO-CD were used to load paraquat, which yielded photoresponsive paraquat-loaded microspheres. For the paraquat-loaded microspheres, irradiation with UV light or sunlight induced the isomerization of azobenzene into the cis form. Then, the cis-azobenzene was liberated from the cavities of the β-cyclodextrin. The paraquat-loaded microspheres released paraquat continuously over time. Furthermore, under UV light, the herbicidal capacity of the paraquat-loaded microspheres against barnyard grass was comparable to that of free paraquat at the same dose. Our findings show that loading paraquat into AZO-CD provides a safe and environmentally friendly herbicide formulation.
通讯机构：
[Huan Yu; Gong Chen; Huan Yu Huan Yu Huan Yu; Gong Chen Gong Chen Gong Chen] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China<&wdkj&>College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
摘要：
In recent years, carbon-based materials catalyzing peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for green degradation of persistent or-ganic pollutants have attracted increasing attention. However, PMS activation by hydrochar composite (e.g. hydrochar-montomorillonite) has rarely been investigated. Herein, a simple preparation, low-cost and eco-friendly catalyst of hydrochar-montmorillonite composite (HC-Mt) was prepared to firstly catalyze PMS for the degradation of dicamba (DIC). The as-prepared HC-Mt showed a remarkably better catalyzing performance for PMS than pure hydrochar (HC) due to its good physicochemical characteristics and abundant oxygen-containing groups. Further-more, the electron spin resonance (ESR) and quenching tests revealed that active species such as SO4 center dot-, center dot OH and O2 center dot- all participated in the degradation process. DIC sites on C6, Cl 10, and O15 exhibited higher reactivity according to the density functional theory (DFT) calculation, which were easily attacked by active species. The DIC degradation mainly occurred via hydroxyl substitution, decarboxylation, oxidation and ring-cleavage and finally most of the inter-mediates were mineralized into CO2 and H2O. Finally, the phytotoxicity assessment was measured by the germination growth situation of tobacco and mung beans in the presence of DIC (with or without treatment by HC-Mt/PMS). The result showed that HC-Mt/PMS could significantly reduce the phytotoxicity of DIC to crops, suggesting that catalyzing PMS using HC-Mt was environmentally friendly. Therefore, this work did not only provide a novel catalyzing PMS strategy using hydrochar composite for wastewater treatment, but also give a new idea for herbicide phytotoxicity management.
摘要：
Genetic engineering technology is an ideal method to improve insecticidal efficiency by combining the advantages of different pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, six ascovirus genes were introduced into the genomic DNA of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) to possibly transfer the intrinsically valuable insecticidal properties from ascovirus to baculovirus. The viral budded virus (BV) production and viral DNA replication ability of AcMNPV-111 and AcMNPV-165 were significantly stronger than that of AcMNPV-Egfp (used as the wild-type virus in this study), whereas AcMNPV-33 had reduced ones. AcMNPV-111 and AcMNPV-165 also exhibited excellent insecticidal efficiency in the in vivo bioassays: AcMNPV-111 showed a 24.1% decrease in the LT(50) value and AcMNPV-165 exhibited a 56.3% decrease in the LD(50) value compared with AcMNPV-Egfp against the 3rd instar of Spodoptera exigua larvae, respectively. Furthermore, the size of the occlusion bodies (OBs) of AcMNPV-33, AcMNPV-111, and AcMNPV-165 were significantly increased compared to that of AcMNPV-Egfp. AcMNPV-111 and AcMNPV-165 had stable virulence against the 2nd to 4th instars tested larvae and higher OB yield than AcMNPV-Egfp in the 3rd and 4th instar larvae. Correlation and regression analyses indicated that it is better to use 5 OBs/larva virus to infect the 2nd instar larvae to produce AcMNPV-111 and 50 OBs/larva virus to infect the 3rd instar larvae to produce AcMNPV-165. The results of this study obtained recombinant viruses with enhanced virulence and exhibited a diversity of ascovirus gene function based on the baculovirus platform, which provided a novel strategy for the improvement of baculovirus as a biological insecticide.
摘要：
As an endosymbiont, Wolbachia exerts significant effects on the host, including on reproduction, immunity, and metabolism. However, the study of Wolbachia in Thysanopteran insects, such as flower thrips Frankliniella intonsa, remains limited. Here, we assembled a gap-free looped genome assembly of Wolbachia strain wFI in a length of 1,463,884 bp (GC content 33.80%), using Nanopore long reads and Illumina short reads. The annotation of wFI identified a total of 1838 protein-coding genes (including 85 pseudogenes), 3 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 35 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and 1 transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA). Beyond this basic description, we identified mobile genetic elements, such as prophage and insertion sequences (ISs), which make up 17% of the entire wFI genome, as well as genes involved in riboflavin and biotin synthesis and metabolism. This research lays the foundation for understanding the nutritional mutualism between Wolbachia and flower thrips. It also serves as a valuable resource for future studies delving into the intricate interactions between Wolbachia and its host.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY,2023年116(2):574-583 ISSN：0022-0493
通讯作者：
Xuguo Zhou<&wdkj&>Xianhong Zhang
作者机构：
[Lu, Junjiao; Ren, Meifeng; Dong, Jinming; Li, Daqi; Yang, Jing; Zhang, Xianhong] Shanxi Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Taiyuan, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Xuguo] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Niu, Yanbing] Shanxi Agr Univ, Coll Life Sci, Taigu, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Yuying] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY USA.
通讯机构：
[Xuguo Zhou] D;[Xianhong Zhang] C;Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA <&wdkj&>College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
摘要：
The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), a seasonal migrant and a prolific generalist, can feed on nearly all vegetables and grain crops, causing considerable economic impacts on a global scale. Given its cryptic nature, A. ipsilon management has been extremely challenging. Chitin synthase (CHS), a key enzyme involved in chitin biosynthetic pathway and crucially important for the growth and development of insects, is the molecular target of chitin synthesis inhibitors, a group of broad-spectrum insecticides that is compatible with Integrated Pest Management practices. In this study, we investigated the potential of targeting chitin synthases to control A. ipsilon. As a result, two chitin synthases, AiCHS1 and AiCHS2, were identified and cloned from A. ipsilon. The temporal-spatial distribution study showed that AiCHS1 was predominantly expressed at the pupal stage and most abundant among tissues of head capsule and integument, while AiCHS2 was mainly expressed at the sixth instar larval stage and tissues of foregut and midgut. RNAi-based functional study confirmed gene silencing caused significant reduction in the expression levels of the corresponding mRNA, as well as resulted in abnormal pupation and mortality, respectively. Furthermore, under the treatment of lufenuron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, A. ipsilon responded with an elevated expression in AiCHS1 and AiCHS2, while larvae showed difficulty in shedding old cuticle, and a cumulative mortality of 69.24% at 48 h. In summary, chitin synthases are crucial for chitin biosynthesis in A. ipsilon and can be targeted for the control (e.g., RNAi-based biopesticides) of this devastating insect pest.
作者机构：
[Bao, Jie; Liang, Shaohui; Gao, Yong] Hebei Chest Hosp, Dept Resp, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, Peoples R China.;[Dai, Erhei; Gao, Huixia] Hebei Med Univ, Hosp Shijiazhuang 5, Dept Lab Med, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, Peoples R China.;[He, Tongxin] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Li] Hebei Med Univ, Hosp Shijiazhuang 5, Intens Care Unit, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Xin; Wang, Yuling; Wang, YL] Hebei Med Univ, Hosp Shijiazhuang 5, Dept TB, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, YL ; Dai, ER ] H;Hebei Med Univ, Hosp Shijiazhuang 5, Dept Lab Med, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, Peoples R China.;Hebei Med Univ, Hosp Shijiazhuang 5, Dept TB, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, Peoples R China.;Hebei Med Univ, Grad Sch, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
COVID-19;Multiple sclerosis;SUMF1;rs794185
摘要：
Evidence shows that genetic factors play important roles in the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Sulfatase modifying factor 1 (SUMF1) gene is involved in alveolar damage and systemic inflammatory response. Therefore, we speculate that it may play a key role in COVID-19. We found that rs794185 was significantly associated with COVID-19 severity in Chinese population, under the additive model after adjusting for gender and age (for C allele = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.44–0.88, P = 0.0073, logistic regression). And this association was consistent with this in European population Genetics Of Mortality In Critical Care (GenOMICC: OR for C allele = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.90–0.98, P = 0.0037). Additionally, we also revealed a remarkable association between rs794185 and the prothrombin activity (PTA) in subjects (P = 0.015, Generalized Linear Model). In conclusion, our study for the first time identified that rs794185 in SUMF1 gene was associated with the severity of COVID-19.
作者机构：
[He, Xiaogang; Li, Lanzhi; Yuan, Zheming; Zhang, Xueli; Su, Jing; Xiong, Liwen] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Hunan Engn & Technol Res Ctr Agr Big Data Anal & D, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zheng, Xingfei] Hubei Acad Agr Sci, Food Crop Inst, Hubei Key Lab Food Crop Germplasm & Genet Improvem, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Hu, Zhongli; Zheng, Xingfei] Wuhan Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Key Lab Hybrid Rice, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Jiabo] Southwest Minzu Univ, Minist Educ & Sichuan Prov, Key Lab Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Anim Genet Resourc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.;[Song, Shufeng] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Hunan Hybrid Rice Res Ctr, State Key Lab Hybrid Rice, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Hu, ZL ; Zhang, ZW ] W;Wuhan Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Key Lab Hybrid Rice, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Life Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
摘要：
Genetic improvement of grain quality is more challenging in hybrid rice than in inbred rice due to additional nonadditive effects such as dominance. Here, we describe a pipeline developed for joint analysis of phenotypes, effects, and generations (JPEG). As a demonstration, we analyze 12 grain quality traits of 113 inbred lines (male parents), five tester lines (female parents), and 565 (113x5) of their hybrids. We sequence the parents for single nucleotide polymorphisms calling and infer the genotypes of the hybrids. Genome-wide association studies with JPEG identify 128 loci associated with at least one of the 12 traits, including 44, 97, and 13 loci with additive effects, dominant effects, and both additive and dominant effects, respectively. These loci together explain more than 30% of the genetic variation in hybrid performance for each of the traits. The JEPG statistical pipeline can help to identify superior crosses for breeding rice hybrids with improved grain quality. Genetic dissection of hybrids is more difficult than inbreds as nonadditive effects are involved. Here, the authors report a pipeline for joint analysis of phenotypes, effects, and generations and demonstrate its usefulness in identification of loci associated with quality traits and improving predict accuracy in genomic selection of hybrid rice.
摘要：
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is an invasive agricultural pest that is a serious threat to agricultural production and global food security. Chemical control is the most effective method for preventing outbreaks of S. frugiperda. However, insecticide resistance often develops as a result of prolonged pesticide use, and the molecular mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance remain unclear. Insect cytochrome P450 monooxygenases play an important role in the detoxification of insecticides and insecticide resistance in Lepidoptera. In our study, the LC50 of a novel insecticide (cyproflanilide) and a conventional insecticide (emamectin benzoate) for S. frugiperda second-instar larvae were 7.04 and 1.61 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, CYP321A9 expression was upregulated in larvae exposed to these insecticides. Additionally, knockdown of CYP321A9 by feeding larvae with dsRNA for 72 h significantly increased the mortality of S. frugiperda exposed to emamectin benzoate and cyproflanilide by 23.33% and 7.78%, respectively. Our results indicate that CYP321A9 may play an important role in the detoxification of emamectin benzoate and cyproflanilide in S. frugiperda. Our findings provide a basis to better understand the mechanisms of insecticide resistance and contribute to the control of S. frugiperda.
摘要：
Peanut is an economically-important oilseed crop and needs a large amount of calcium for its normal growth and development. Calcium deficiency usually leads to embryo abortion and subsequent abnormal pod development. Different tolerance to calcium deficiency has been observed between different cultivars, especially between large and small-seed cultivars. In order to figure out different molecular mechanisms in defensive responses between two cultivars, we treated a sensitive (large-seed) and a tolerant (small-seed) cultivar with different calcium levels. The transcriptome analysis identified a total of 58 and 61 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within small-seed and large-seed peanut groups under different calcium treatments, and these DEGs were entirely covered by gene modules obtained via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the blue-module genes in the large-seed cultivar were mainly enriched in plant-pathogen attack, phenolic metabolism and MAPK signaling pathway, while the green-module genes in the small-seed cultivar were mainly enriched in lipid metabolism including glycerolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolisms. By integrating DEGs with WGCNA, a total of eight hub-DEGs were finally identified, suggesting that the large-seed cultivar concentrated more on plant defensive responses and antioxidant activities under calcium deficiency, while the small-seed cultivar mainly focused on maintaining membrane features to enable normal photosynthesis and signal transduction. The identified hub genes might give a clue for future gene validation and molecular breeding to improve peanut survivability under calcium deficiency.
