摘要：
Environmental pollution and an unhealthy lifestyle result in direct exposure to dangerous chemicals that can modify endogenous pathways and induce malignant transformation of human cells. Although the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis are still not well understood, epigenetic alteration may be associated with exogenous chemical-induced carcinogenicity. Given the association between nutrition and cancer, nutrient supplementation may reduce aberrant epigenetic modifications induced by chemicals, thus decreasing carcinogenesis. This paper provides an overview of the epigenetic events caused by benzo[a] pyrene, a procarcinogenic and environmental pollutant, and biotin, an essential water-soluble vitamin, and investigates potential connections between them. This paper also discusses the potential inhibitory effect of biotin-related epigenetic modifications on the carcinogenicity of benzo [a] pyrene. The effect of nutritional supplementation on tumorigenesis involving epigenetic modifications is also discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
In this study, rapeseed straw was pretreated with Co-60-gamma radiation and digested with cellulase to improve sugar production. The compositions of straw were analyzed. Results showed that there were remarkable changes in total reducing sugar and an increase in the degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. At a dose of 1200 kGy, 39.3 times more reducing sugar from the irradiated straw was released, as compared to the control (not irradiated) straw (35.34 vs. 0.90 mg/g). Furthermore, both the total content and the number of species of sugar compounds increased. Enzymatic digestion of the irradiated straw resulted in the degradation of 79.21% and 75.59% of cellulose and hemicellulose, respectively. The total reducing sugar increased by a factor of 4.6 to 392.50 mg/g in the irradiated straw from 86.18 mg/g in the control, with greater total content and more species of sugar compounds. Analyses with X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy showed that the microstructure of the irradiated straw was destroyed.
作者机构：
[邓洁红; 王维茜] College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;[刘永红] Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, 410127, China
作者机构：
[罗芳; 胡雨欣; 何早; 郑舒; 刘霞] Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
作者机构：
[夏延斌; 任美] College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;[王亮亮] Hunan Institute of Food Quality Supervision Inspection and Research, Changsha, 410111, China
摘要：
Ethnopharmacological relevance: The fruit of Forsythia suspense (Thunb.) Vahl, a well-known Chinese Materia Medica, has been traditionally used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diabetes and some other diseases, but the rational for the usage of this plant is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of the fruit of F. suspensa using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Materials and methods: Crude methanol extract of E suspense fruit was fractionated with different solvents and the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) was selected for in vivo studies based on the in vitro alpha-amylase and HMG-CoA reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A) inhibiting activities. For in vivo study, diabetes mellitus was induced in mice with STZ. Diabetic mice were orally administrated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of EAF for 4 weeks. Mouse body weight, blood glucose, glucose tolerance, biochemical parameters and gene expression related to pancreas and liver function were analyzed after EAF administration. Results: After 4 weeks of EAF intervention, a significant decrease in blood glucose, triglyceride, creatinine total cholesterol, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and hepatic lipid (triglycerides and cholesterol) content as well as a significant increase in body weight, insulin secretion and glucose tolerance was observed in EAF treated diabetic mice. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that EAF antagonized STZ-induced alteration of the expression of rate-limiting enzymes (glucokinase and phosphorenolpyruvate carboxykinase) in liver and insulin secretion related genes insulin-1, insulin-2 and duodenal homeobox factor-1 in pancreas. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate extract of Forsythia suspense (Thunb.) Vahl fruit has potency to develop an antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus via modulation of oxidative stress, the hepatic glucose metabolism and pancreatic insulin secretion. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Retaining muscle stem satellite cell (SC) quiescence is important for the maintenance of stem cell population and tissue regeneration. Accumulating evidence supports the model where key extracellular signals play crucial roles in maintaining SC quiescence or activation, however, the intracellular mechanisms that mediate niche signals to control SC behavior are not fully understood. Here, we reported that KLF7 functioned as a key mediator involved in low-level TGF-β signaling and canonical Notch signaling-induced SC quiescence and myoblast arrest. The data obtained showed that KLF7 was upregulated in quiescent SCs and non-proliferating myoblasts. Silence of KLF7 promoted SCs activation and myoblasts proliferation, but overexpression of KLF7 induced myogenic cell arrest. Notably, the expression of KLF7 was regulated by TGF-β and Notch3 signaling. Knockdown of KLF7 diminished low-level TGF-β and canonical Notch signaling-induced SC quiescence. Investigation into the mechanism revealed that KLF7 regulation of SC function was dependent on p21 and acetylation of Lys227 and/or 231 in the DNA binding domain of KLF7. Our study provides new insights into the regulatory network of muscle stem cell quiescence. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
