期刊：
Food Research International,2025年208:116272 ISSN：0963-9969
通讯作者：
Yi Wang<&wdkj&>Ran Wang<&wdkj&>Jie Luo
作者机构：
["Li, Zhixi; Fan, Xiankang; Cao, Yu] College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410114, China;[Zhou, Hui] College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410114, China. Electronic address: zhouhui@hunau.edu.cn;[Wang, Pengjie] Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. Electronic address: wpj1019@cau.edu.cn;[Zhang, Hao] Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. Electronic address: zhanghaocau@cau.edu.cn;[Wang, Yi] Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. Electronic address: wangyi922217@126.com
通讯机构：
[Yi Wang; Ran Wang] D;[Jie Luo] C;Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China<&wdkj&>College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410114, China
关键词：
In vitro gastrointestinal digestion;Interfacial layers;Liposome;Milk membrane protein;Milk polar lipid;Proteoliposome
摘要：
The interfacial properties of lipid droplets are crucial for infant digestion, yet few studies have explored the impact of the layers of lipid droplets on infant digestion. In this study, four emulsions were prepared: one with milk polar lipids (MPL) serving as the monolayer interface of the lipid droplet (ME-PL), one with MPL and membrane-specific protein (MSP) as the co-monolayer interface of the lipid droplet (ME-Co), one with liposome featuring MPL as the bilayer interface of the lipid droplet (BE-PL), and one with proteoliposome containing MPL and MSP as the co-bilayer interface of the lipid droplet (BE-Co). Cryo-TEM was used to determine the number of lipid droplet interface layers, while confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the interfacial distribution. Compared to monolayer emulsions, bilayer emulsions exhibited greater stability. Furthermore, in vitro digestion experiments revealed that BE-Co released free fatty acids the fastest and in the largest amount. During gastric digestion, emulsions with co-components interfaces released fewer saturated fatty acids (SFA) compared to those containing only MPL in the interface, whereas bilayer emulsions released more SFA and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than monolayer emulsions. During intestinal digestion, bilayer and co-interfacial emulsions released more SFA and less unsaturated fatty acids (USFA), with BE-Co releasing the highest percentage of SFA (87.11 ± 0.10 %) and the lowest percentages of USFA, specifically 2.95 ± 0.00 % PUFA. This study introduces a novel preparation method that uses a bilayer interface to simulate the human milk globule interface and explores the effect of different interface layers on lipid droplet characteristics, providing valuable insights for the development of infant food.
The interfacial properties of lipid droplets are crucial for infant digestion, yet few studies have explored the impact of the layers of lipid droplets on infant digestion. In this study, four emulsions were prepared: one with milk polar lipids (MPL) serving as the monolayer interface of the lipid droplet (ME-PL), one with MPL and membrane-specific protein (MSP) as the co-monolayer interface of the lipid droplet (ME-Co), one with liposome featuring MPL as the bilayer interface of the lipid droplet (BE-PL), and one with proteoliposome containing MPL and MSP as the co-bilayer interface of the lipid droplet (BE-Co). Cryo-TEM was used to determine the number of lipid droplet interface layers, while confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the interfacial distribution. Compared to monolayer emulsions, bilayer emulsions exhibited greater stability. Furthermore, in vitro digestion experiments revealed that BE-Co released free fatty acids the fastest and in the largest amount. During gastric digestion, emulsions with co-components interfaces released fewer saturated fatty acids (SFA) compared to those containing only MPL in the interface, whereas bilayer emulsions released more SFA and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than monolayer emulsions. During intestinal digestion, bilayer and co-interfacial emulsions released more SFA and less unsaturated fatty acids (USFA), with BE-Co releasing the highest percentage of SFA (87.11 ± 0.10 %) and the lowest percentages of USFA, specifically 2.95 ± 0.00 % PUFA. This study introduces a novel preparation method that uses a bilayer interface to simulate the human milk globule interface and explores the effect of different interface layers on lipid droplet characteristics, providing valuable insights for the development of infant food.
通讯机构：
[Liu, ZH; Xiao, LZ; Quan, W ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Natl Res Ctr Engn & Technol Utilizat Bot Funct Ing, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Eurotium cristatum;Gut microbiota;Host metabolism;Inflammatory bowel disease;Jinhua white tea;White tea
摘要：
White tea (WT) has been reported to confer various health benefits, but its role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been fully investigated. Jinhua white tea (JWT), produced using the unique “flowering” technology by Eurotium cristatum , enhancing the flavor and quality of WT. Whether this new technology provides better bioactive benefits also worth further exploring. The present study investigated the protective effects of WT and JWT against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced IBD. The results showed WT and JWT mitigated oxidative stress and colonic inflammation via NF- κ B and MAPK signaling pathways, upregulating intestinal tight junction protein expression and immune cell counts. These effects were evidenced by improvements in pathological phenotypes, disease activity index, and colon length in IBD mice, with JWT showing superior results. Both WT and JWT restored microbial diversity and improved gut microbiota composition in IBD mice. JWT showed a more pronounced effect on correcting microbial imbalances and abnormal host metabolism by stimulating metabolic pathways associated with amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Therefore, WT, particularly JWT, shows potential for adjuvant treatment of colitis, which might be attributed to the enrichments in oxidation products of catechins such as theabrownins and some secondary metabolites including alkaloids, flavonoids and gallic acid obtained through the “flowering” technology. Further identifying and isolating key compounds and clinical trials are required to assess the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of JWT on IBD in humans.
White tea (WT) has been reported to confer various health benefits, but its role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been fully investigated. Jinhua white tea (JWT), produced using the unique “flowering” technology by Eurotium cristatum , enhancing the flavor and quality of WT. Whether this new technology provides better bioactive benefits also worth further exploring. The present study investigated the protective effects of WT and JWT against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced IBD. The results showed WT and JWT mitigated oxidative stress and colonic inflammation via NF- κ B and MAPK signaling pathways, upregulating intestinal tight junction protein expression and immune cell counts. These effects were evidenced by improvements in pathological phenotypes, disease activity index, and colon length in IBD mice, with JWT showing superior results. Both WT and JWT restored microbial diversity and improved gut microbiota composition in IBD mice. JWT showed a more pronounced effect on correcting microbial imbalances and abnormal host metabolism by stimulating metabolic pathways associated with amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Therefore, WT, particularly JWT, shows potential for adjuvant treatment of colitis, which might be attributed to the enrichments in oxidation products of catechins such as theabrownins and some secondary metabolites including alkaloids, flavonoids and gallic acid obtained through the “flowering” technology. Further identifying and isolating key compounds and clinical trials are required to assess the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of JWT on IBD in humans.
摘要：
The effect of cold plasma (CP) treatment in promoting the covalent grafting of ovalbumin (OVA) with gallic acid (GA) were investigated, along with identifying the binding sites in the OVA-GA complex and exploring its potential for reducing the antigenicity of OVA. The results showed that the GA content of 22.97 ± 1.27 mg/g in OVA-GA complex was obtained following 60 s of CP treatment. Using LC-MS/MS, four regions (T 52 -R 59 , V 201 -K 207 , I 279 -R 285 , and V 281 -K 291 ) were identified, containing 12 GA binding sites in the OVA-GA complex. Additionally, a significant reduction in IgE binding capacity (70.83 ± 0.90 %) was observed, as confirmed by ELISA analysis. The masking/steric-hindrance effect on linear epitopes and the disruption of conformational epitopes of OVA as a result of GA grafting may be the key factors leading to the reduction in OVA antigenicity. This study highlights that promoting the grafting of polyphenols onto proteins using CP treatment is an effective strategy for reducing the antigenicity of protein allergens.
The effect of cold plasma (CP) treatment in promoting the covalent grafting of ovalbumin (OVA) with gallic acid (GA) were investigated, along with identifying the binding sites in the OVA-GA complex and exploring its potential for reducing the antigenicity of OVA. The results showed that the GA content of 22.97 ± 1.27 mg/g in OVA-GA complex was obtained following 60 s of CP treatment. Using LC-MS/MS, four regions (T 52 -R 59 , V 201 -K 207 , I 279 -R 285 , and V 281 -K 291 ) were identified, containing 12 GA binding sites in the OVA-GA complex. Additionally, a significant reduction in IgE binding capacity (70.83 ± 0.90 %) was observed, as confirmed by ELISA analysis. The masking/steric-hindrance effect on linear epitopes and the disruption of conformational epitopes of OVA as a result of GA grafting may be the key factors leading to the reduction in OVA antigenicity. This study highlights that promoting the grafting of polyphenols onto proteins using CP treatment is an effective strategy for reducing the antigenicity of protein allergens.
作者机构：
Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Changsha 410128, China;[Ruihan Song; Yan Li; Luyan Zou] College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.;These authors contributed equally to this work.;[Fang He; Shenglan Su] These authors contributed equally to this work.<&wdkj&>College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Yuanxiang Wang] H;Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
Although mulberry leaf (Morus alba L., ML) and Siraitia grosvenorii (SG) individually demonstrate anti-diabetic properties, their combined efficacy against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unexplored. This study systematically explored the multi-target mechanisms and synergistic potential of the MLSG combination (MLSG) for T2DM intervention. We evaluated the in vitro inhibitory activities of MLSG, ML, and SG on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, alongside antioxidant capacity assessments through DPPH/ABTS radical scavenging, reducing power, and FRAP assays. Bioactive metabolites were identified using non-targeted metabolomics, while core targets and pathways were predicted using network pharmacology and validated through molecular docking. The results reveal MLSG’s significantly enhanced inhibition of α-amylase (IC50 = 14.06 mg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.02 mg/mL) compared to individual extracts, exhibiting 1.3–15.5-fold higher potency with synergistic effects (combination index < 1). MLSG also showed improved antioxidant capacity, outperforming SG in DPPH/ABTS+ scavenging and reducing power (p < 0.05), and surpassing ML in ABTS+ scavenging, reducing power, and FRAP values (p < 0.05). Metabolomics identified 26 MLSG-derived metabolites with anti-T2DM potential, and network analysis pinpointed 26 active components primarily targeting STAT3, AKT1, PIK3CA, EGFR, and MAPK1 to regulate T2DM pathways. Molecular docking confirmed strong binding affinities between these components and core targets. Collectively, MLSG exerts potent synergistic anti-T2DM effects through dual-enzyme inhibition, elevated antioxidant activity, and multi-target pathway regulation, providing a solid foundation for developing MLSG as functional food ingredients.
摘要：
The potential of cold plasma (CP) treatment to promote the formation of amyloid fibrils (AFs) of ovalbumin (OVA) was evaluated relative to acidic heat fibrillation condition (pH = 2, 85 °C). Results indicated CP exhibited significant potential for promoting the formation of AFs of OVA, as evidenced by higher Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence intensity of AFs for CP-treated OVA (POVA) during the fibrillation process compared to AFs for native OVA under acidic heating conditions (NOVA). Long, curved and worm-like fibrils of CP-treated OVA with 2 min (POVA-2), which were thicker (3 nm in height) and longer (majority length ranging from 300 nm to 400 nm), were observed after 8 h of fibrillation, while irregular, short, worm-like fibrils of NOVA were detected. Unlike NOVA, which was only hydrolyzed into small peptides, the backbone of POVA-2 was cleaved into small peptide fragments, accompanied by the generation of dityrosine cross-linked aggregation/oligomer during fibrillation process, as evidenced by SDS-PAGE and dityrosine analysis. The result of hydrophobic, sulfhydryl and disulfide bonds, and dityrosine analysis showed hydrophobic interaction and dityrosine cross-links could be the main force driving the assembly and stacking of cross-β structures, leading to the formation of organized fibrillar structures for POVA-2, while only hydrophobic interaction was involved for NOVA. Additionally, analyses of emulsifying ability (EAI) and stability (ESI) of NOVA and POVA-2 displayed that both EAI and ESI of them were significantly improved, with POVA-2 exhibiting superior EAI compared to NOVA. Therefore, this study demonstrated CP is a promising technique to promote the generation of protein amyloid fibrils in a more efficient manner.
The potential of cold plasma (CP) treatment to promote the formation of amyloid fibrils (AFs) of ovalbumin (OVA) was evaluated relative to acidic heat fibrillation condition (pH = 2, 85 °C). Results indicated CP exhibited significant potential for promoting the formation of AFs of OVA, as evidenced by higher Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence intensity of AFs for CP-treated OVA (POVA) during the fibrillation process compared to AFs for native OVA under acidic heating conditions (NOVA). Long, curved and worm-like fibrils of CP-treated OVA with 2 min (POVA-2), which were thicker (3 nm in height) and longer (majority length ranging from 300 nm to 400 nm), were observed after 8 h of fibrillation, while irregular, short, worm-like fibrils of NOVA were detected. Unlike NOVA, which was only hydrolyzed into small peptides, the backbone of POVA-2 was cleaved into small peptide fragments, accompanied by the generation of dityrosine cross-linked aggregation/oligomer during fibrillation process, as evidenced by SDS-PAGE and dityrosine analysis. The result of hydrophobic, sulfhydryl and disulfide bonds, and dityrosine analysis showed hydrophobic interaction and dityrosine cross-links could be the main force driving the assembly and stacking of cross-β structures, leading to the formation of organized fibrillar structures for POVA-2, while only hydrophobic interaction was involved for NOVA. Additionally, analyses of emulsifying ability (EAI) and stability (ESI) of NOVA and POVA-2 displayed that both EAI and ESI of them were significantly improved, with POVA-2 exhibiting superior EAI compared to NOVA. Therefore, this study demonstrated CP is a promising technique to promote the generation of protein amyloid fibrils in a more efficient manner.
通讯机构：
[Li, QM; Xia, HP ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Technol, 1 Nongda Rd, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Rapeseed Oil Nutr Hlth & Deep Dev Engn Techn, 1 Nongda Rd, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Acidic deep eutectic solvents;Phase transition;Waxy maize starch
摘要：
The effects of molar ratio and carboxylic acids' structure of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) on the treatment of waxy maize starch (WMS) were systematically investigated. FT-IR results of DESs discovered that shorter carbon chain acids exhibited stronger hydrogen bonds. Subsequently, DESs were utilized to treat WMS. Microscopy, DSC, and viscosity measurements indicated that the dissolution and gelatinization phase transitions of WMS occurred simultaneously in acid-DESs. Specifically, shorter carbon chains led to lower viscosity and more obvious dissolution. Notably, relatively high solubilities of 57.02 wt% (choline chloride/formic acid, CF) and 53.39 wt% (choline chloride/oxalic acid dihydrate, CO) were obtained for 6 h at 60 °C. Further characterization of regenerated WMS using SEM, XRD, FT-IR, and GPC showed that the granular and crystalline structures of WMS were disrupted, with a significant decrease in molecular weight. The extent of starch disruption/degradation increased as the acids' carbon chain decreased. Therefore, the treatment of WMS in acid-DESs was predominantly influenced by the length of the acids' carbon chain. Additionally, esterification reactions between WMS and carboxylic acids were detected in the CF and CO systems. These findings could provide a promising and efficient approach for starch treatment and structural analysis.
The effects of molar ratio and carboxylic acids' structure of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) on the treatment of waxy maize starch (WMS) were systematically investigated. FT-IR results of DESs discovered that shorter carbon chain acids exhibited stronger hydrogen bonds. Subsequently, DESs were utilized to treat WMS. Microscopy, DSC, and viscosity measurements indicated that the dissolution and gelatinization phase transitions of WMS occurred simultaneously in acid-DESs. Specifically, shorter carbon chains led to lower viscosity and more obvious dissolution. Notably, relatively high solubilities of 57.02 wt% (choline chloride/formic acid, CF) and 53.39 wt% (choline chloride/oxalic acid dihydrate, CO) were obtained for 6 h at 60 °C. Further characterization of regenerated WMS using SEM, XRD, FT-IR, and GPC showed that the granular and crystalline structures of WMS were disrupted, with a significant decrease in molecular weight. The extent of starch disruption/degradation increased as the acids' carbon chain decreased. Therefore, the treatment of WMS in acid-DESs was predominantly influenced by the length of the acids' carbon chain. Additionally, esterification reactions between WMS and carboxylic acids were detected in the CF and CO systems. These findings could provide a promising and efficient approach for starch treatment and structural analysis.
摘要：
Limited sources of consortia/pure cultures that degrade chloramphenicol (CAP) and the incomplete biodegradation profiles of CAP hinder the remediation of CAP pollution. In this study, two CAP-degrading consortia (designated as CM and PM) were obtained after long-term acclimation, and Alcaligenaceae and Enterobacteriaceae enriched in CM and PM, respectively. Notably, Bordetella sp. C3, a new isolate belonging to the family Alcaligenaceae , was isolated from CM and capable of degrading 85.7 % 10 mg/L CAP at 30 ℃ and pH 7 in 10 d. The biotransformation of CAP by Bordetella sp. C3 was proposed as a detoxification process, including a novel initial degradation pathway: dechlorination of CAP into AP. Strain C3 can also function as a plant growth-promoting bacterium that solubilizes inorganic phosphate and produces siderophores and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). This study expands our knowledge of the migration and transformation pathways of CAP and microbial community profiles during acclimatization.
Limited sources of consortia/pure cultures that degrade chloramphenicol (CAP) and the incomplete biodegradation profiles of CAP hinder the remediation of CAP pollution. In this study, two CAP-degrading consortia (designated as CM and PM) were obtained after long-term acclimation, and Alcaligenaceae and Enterobacteriaceae enriched in CM and PM, respectively. Notably, Bordetella sp. C3, a new isolate belonging to the family Alcaligenaceae , was isolated from CM and capable of degrading 85.7 % 10 mg/L CAP at 30 ℃ and pH 7 in 10 d. The biotransformation of CAP by Bordetella sp. C3 was proposed as a detoxification process, including a novel initial degradation pathway: dechlorination of CAP into AP. Strain C3 can also function as a plant growth-promoting bacterium that solubilizes inorganic phosphate and produces siderophores and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). This study expands our knowledge of the migration and transformation pathways of CAP and microbial community profiles during acclimatization.
关键词：
New Hybrid Bream;Fatty acid metabolism;Gene expression;Transcriptome analysis
摘要：
High-quality fatty acids are essential indicators of the nutritional value of aquatic fish. This study investigates the differences in muscle fatty acid composition and their nutritional implications by integrating physiological and transcriptomic analyses to elucidate the underlying regulatory mechanisms in the New Hybrid Bream (BBTB) compared with four closely related species: Megalobrama hoffmanni (MH), Megalobrama terminalis (MT), Megalobrama amblycephala (MA), and Culter alburnus (CA). A total of 21 fatty acids were identified in muscle tissue through gas chromatography, including 7 saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and 14 unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Among all species, palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1n- 9), and linoleic acid (C18:2n- 6c) were the most abundant, accounting for 71.44 to 77.74% of the total fatty acids. Notably, BBTB exhibited a higher proportion of n- 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid (C20:4n- 6), and eicosadienoic acid (C20:2). Subsequently, the expressions of fatty acid synthesis, degradation, and transporting related genes were examined to explore the mechanism of elevated PUFA in BBTB. The result exhibited that the expression of fatty acid synthesis key genes fasn, fads2, fads6, acacb, srebp1, acss2, and dgat2 genes of BBTB was significantly higher than that of other groups. Additionally, the expressions of ppar alpha, ppar delta, and ppar gamma which are critical regulators in the PPAR signaling pathway were significantly elevated in BBTB, suggesting their involvement in fatty acid synthesis, degradation, and oxidation. Further, transcriptomic analysis of BBTB liver further confirmed the gene expression results. Transcriptomic analysis of BBTB liver identified 125 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with a subset associated with fatty acid metabolism, including pathways related to fatty acid degradation, PPAR signaling, and polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated significant enrichment of DEGs in lipid metabolism pathways, and COG and GO annotation further verified a high proportion of DEGs functioned in lipid transport, post-translational modifications, protein transformation, and chaperone activity. These findings provide valuable insights into the different values of BBTB and other examined group fishes and regulatory mechanisms governing lipid metabolism in BBTB, offering a foundation for improving the nutritional value of fish in aquaculture.
摘要：
Tea residues are rich in dietary fiber, most of which are insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). However, soluble dietary fiber (SDF) is reported to show a better health-promoting effect. In this paper, the Eurotium cristatum (E. cristatum) fermentation method was employed to prepare SDF from tea residues. The results showed that the yield of SDF in fermented SDF (FSDF) was higher than that in unfermented SDF (USDF). Meanwhile, an increased proportion of galactose and a looser microstructure were observed in FSDF. In addition, FSDF has more advantages than USDF in relieving colitis symptoms. FSDF is more effective in reversing weight loss, colon shortening, and tissue damage. Meanwhile, it has a better regulatory effect on the level of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10) and oxidative stress (CAT, T-SOD, and MDA). FSDF treatment more effectively restored gut microbiota composition toward normal parameters compared to USDF by upregulating Akkermanisa and Lachospiracae_NK4A136_group and downregulating Helicobacter and Alisitipes. In conclusion, fermentation treatment with E. cristatum contributed to the preparation efficiency and bioactive effect of SDF from tea residues. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of tea residues.
期刊：
Chemical Engineering Journal,2025年:168235 ISSN：1385-8947
通讯作者：
Shenghua Ding
作者机构：
Longping Agricultural College, Hunan University, Changsha, 410125, China;[Shikai Zhang] DongTing Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Institute of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Safety of Hunan, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China;[Rongrong Wang] College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China;Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha, 410125, China
通讯机构：
[Shenghua Ding] L;Longping Agricultural College, Hunan University, Changsha, 410125, China<&wdkj&>DongTing Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Institute of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Safety of Hunan, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China<&wdkj&>Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha, 410125, China
摘要：
In response to microbial infestation during fruit storage, we developed a microbial self-destruction nanoplatform-cinnamaldehyde (CIN) nanoemulsions (NEs) based on zein-gum arabic (GA) nanoparticles inspired by the natural defense mechanisms of citrus oil gland, which enables sustained and precise release of CIN for long-term fruit preservation. Zein-2 % GA nanoparticles (ZGNP) are bound through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, demonstrating excellent emulsification stability. The prepared 5 % CIN-loaded NEs (5 %C-ZGNP NEs) exhibited high encapsulation efficiency (91.64 %) and outstanding sustained release properties (maintaining 38.52 % at 4 °C and 28.51 % at 25 °C after 30 d of storage), thereby enabling continuous and effective broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Additionally, co-incubation experiments with NEs and microorganisms validated the precise release of CIN and the microbial self-destruction. In the rapid growth phase of the microorganisms, enzymatically triggered hydrolysis of ZGNP by microbial secretions led to a precise and intelligent release of CIN, effectively triggering the microbial self-destruction process (self-destruction rate > 70 %), which successfully mimicked the natural defense mechanism of citrus oil gland. In vivo experiments on citrus and cherry tomatoes further validated the precise antimicrobial properties of NEs. Finally, the 5 %C-ZGNP NEs was prepared as a coating for fruit preservation, extending the shelf life of citrus and cherry tomatoes by 2-fold. The preservation effect was overall superior to the commercially available preservative, prochloraz. The biomimetic intelligent nanoplatform designed in this study enables the sustained and precise release of essential oils, effectively inhibiting microbial infestation and thereby extending the shelf life of fruits. This provides a new strategy for the development of “intelligent” responsive fruit preservation coating materials.
In response to microbial infestation during fruit storage, we developed a microbial self-destruction nanoplatform-cinnamaldehyde (CIN) nanoemulsions (NEs) based on zein-gum arabic (GA) nanoparticles inspired by the natural defense mechanisms of citrus oil gland, which enables sustained and precise release of CIN for long-term fruit preservation. Zein-2 % GA nanoparticles (ZGNP) are bound through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, demonstrating excellent emulsification stability. The prepared 5 % CIN-loaded NEs (5 %C-ZGNP NEs) exhibited high encapsulation efficiency (91.64 %) and outstanding sustained release properties (maintaining 38.52 % at 4 °C and 28.51 % at 25 °C after 30 d of storage), thereby enabling continuous and effective broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Additionally, co-incubation experiments with NEs and microorganisms validated the precise release of CIN and the microbial self-destruction. In the rapid growth phase of the microorganisms, enzymatically triggered hydrolysis of ZGNP by microbial secretions led to a precise and intelligent release of CIN, effectively triggering the microbial self-destruction process (self-destruction rate > 70 %), which successfully mimicked the natural defense mechanism of citrus oil gland. In vivo experiments on citrus and cherry tomatoes further validated the precise antimicrobial properties of NEs. Finally, the 5 %C-ZGNP NEs was prepared as a coating for fruit preservation, extending the shelf life of citrus and cherry tomatoes by 2-fold. The preservation effect was overall superior to the commercially available preservative, prochloraz. The biomimetic intelligent nanoplatform designed in this study enables the sustained and precise release of essential oils, effectively inhibiting microbial infestation and thereby extending the shelf life of fruits. This provides a new strategy for the development of “intelligent” responsive fruit preservation coating materials.
摘要：
金银花和山银花均为忍冬科植物，二者外形颇为相似，但化学组成和含量、功效以及价格存在着显著差异。一些不法商家为获取超额利润，以价廉的山银花冒充金银花进行售卖，消费者仅凭肉眼较难准确鉴别。现阶段尚缺少金银花与山银花的无损鉴别研究。近红外（NIR）光谱技术可以实现复杂样品的快速无损分析，通过结合偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）等模式识别方法可以实现不同来源样品的鉴别分析。然而，光谱变量过多易导致PLS-DA方法出现过拟合的问题。本研究利用光栅型便携式NIR光谱仪采集了3个产地的643份金银花与本地200份山银花的光谱。此外，一个月后收集3个产地金银花与本地山银花样品各50份作为独立验证集。提出了一种新型模式识别方法——随机检验（RT）-PLS-DA，并与主成分分析（PCA）、PLS-DA以及现有的变量筛选-PLS-DA方法如竞争性自适应重加权采样法（CARS）-PLS-DA和蒙特卡罗-无信息变量消除法（MC-UVE）-PLS-DA进行了比较，利用光谱预处理进一步提高模型的准确性。结果表明：NIR原始光谱中存在严重的谱峰重叠、基线漂移及背景干扰；即使结合优化预处理方法，PCA模型仍无法实现金银花与山银花的准确鉴别；一阶导数（1st）或连续小波变换（CWT）预处理结合PLS-DA模型可以获得较为准确的鉴别结果，验证集和独立验证集的鉴别率分别为100%和98%；3种变量筛选方法-PLS-DA方法中，CARS方法选择变量数最少，RT方法在选择特征变量的同时还可获得满意的鉴别率。1st-RT-PLS-DA模型最佳，验证集和独立验证集的鉴别率分别为100%和99.50%。以上结果表明，便携式NIR光谱仪结合变量筛选-PLS-DA策略可实现金银花与山银花的准确鉴别，为中药材掺伪快速鉴定提供了新的思路。 Both Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Flos Lonicerae are plants of the Caprifoliaceae family. They are rather similar in appearance. However, there are differences in chemical composition, content, efficacy, and price. To obtain excessive profits, unscrupulous merchants sell the cheaper Flos Lonicerae as Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. It is difficult for consumers to distinguish them with the naked eye. Currently, there is no study on the non-destructive identification of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Flos Lonicerae. Rapid and non-destructive analysis of complex samples can be achieved using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The identification of samples from different sources can be achieved by combining pattern recognition methods, such as partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). However, an excessive number of spectral variables may easily lead to the problem of overfitting in the PLS-DA method. In this study, 643 spectra of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos from three production areas and 200 spectra of Flos Lonicerae from the local area were collected using a grating portable NIR spectrometer. Besides, 50 samples of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos from each production area and local Flos Lonicerae were collected one month later as the external validation set. A new pattern recognition method, named randomization test (RT)-PLS-DA, was proposed. This method was compared with principal component analysis (PCA), PLS-DA, and existing variable selection-PLS-DA methods, such as competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS)-PLS-DA and Monte Carlo-uninformative variable elimination (MC-UVE)-PLS-DA. The accuracies of the models were further improved with the spectral pretreatments. The results showed that there were severe interferences, including peak overlapping, baseline drift, and background, in the original spectra. Even with optimized pretreatment methods, the accurate identification of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Flos Lonicerae cannot be achieved using the PCA method. Accurate identification results could be obtained using PLS-DA with either first derivative (1st) or continuous wavelet transform (CWT) pretreatment, while the identification rates for the validation and external validation sets were 100% and 98%, respectively. Among the three variable selection-PLS-DA methods, the CARS method selected the fewest variables. The selection of feature variables and achieving satisfactory identification rates can be done simultaneously with the RT method. The 1st-RT-PLS-DA model was the best, and the identification rates for the validation and external validation sets were 100% and 99.50%, respectively. The above results indicate that the accurate identification of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Flos Lonicerae can be achieved using aportable NIR spectrometer and a variable selection-PLS-DA method, providing anew approach for the rapid detection of adulteration in traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
摘要：
The primary active compound in vine tea is dihydromyricetin (DMY), which has a longstanding history as a dietary supplement and traditional ethnic medicine. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which vine tea dihydromyricetin extract (VDMY) regulates glucolipid metabolic disorder remains unclear. In this study, we first assessed the effect of VDMY on various physiological parameters in db/db mice, followed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify key signaling pathways affected by VDMY in liver tissues. We also examined the impact of VDMY on the liver's TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and FOXO1 pathways using Western blotting. Our results showed that VDMY significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Additionally, VDMY enhanced the liver's antioxidant capacity by upregulating superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), while lowering malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), thus alleviating liver damage. RNA-seq analysis further revealed that VDMY influenced multiple biological processes, including transcription, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and redox reactions, suggesting that its effects may be mediated through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and FOXO1 pathways. Additionally, Western blot analysis revealed that VDMY effectively downregulated the expressions of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and FOXO1 proteins in the liver of db/db mice, indicating that VDMY could target these pathways to intervene glucolipid metabolism dysfunction.
摘要：
This study explored a facile method for converting macadamia nutshells into bio-based nanomaterials, including cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and lignin nanoparticles (LNPs), through deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment coupled with a nanofabrication strategy. Comparisons of the physicochemical, morphological, and structural properties of the CNF and LNPs produced through acidic choline chloride/oxalic acid dihydrate (ACDES) and alkaline K(2)CO(3)/glycerol DES (ALDES) pretreatments were conducted using SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, GPC and 2D NMR. The CNFs obtained from ACDES pretreatment (ACCNFs) exhibited uniform and long filament-like structures with shorter whisker-like nanocrystals. Conversely, the CNFs produced with the ALDES pretreatment (ALCNFs) displayed irregular aggregates and nanofibril bundles. Additionally, the ACCNFs demonstrated higher crystallinity and contained small amounts of the oxalate half-ester compare to ALCNFs. During ACDES pretreatment, a large proportion of β-O-4, β-5, and β-β linkages in lignin disrupted and re-condensed to form lignin substructures, resulting in the assembly of cluster-like lignin nanoparticles pretreated with ACDES (ACLNP) aggregates. In contrast, lignin nanoparticles pretreated with ALDES (ALLNP) exhibited uniform nanospherical shapes because of the preservation of β linkages in lignin during the ALDES pretreatment. This work not only broadens the fabrication strategies for CNF and LNPs but also offered a promising approach for the valorization of lignocellulosic agricultural wastes.
作者机构：
[Zajac, Marzena] Univ Agr, Fac Food Technol, Dept Anim Prod Technol, PL-31120 Krakow, Poland.;[Wang, Jingyu; Tao, Ye; Zhou, Lei; Yang, Ziyi; Zhang, Wangang] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Meat Qual Control & Cultured Meat De, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Lei] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Food Sci & Technol, Changsha 410127, Peoples R China.;[Mika, Magdalena] Univ Agr, Fac Food Technol, Dept Biotechnol & Gen Food Technol, PL-31120 Krakow, Poland.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, WA ] N;Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Meat Qual Control & Cultured Meat De, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Health benefits associated with hyaluronic acid, along with its properties such as water-binding capacity and antimicrobial activity, suggest that incorporating it into meat systems could provide a basis for formulating functional meat products. This study aimed to evaluate the properties of myofibrillar protein gels and emulsions with varying concentrations of hyaluronic acid. The results indicate that increasing the hyaluronic acid concentration (0.008% to 0.04%) does not significantly affect the cooking loss, while a concentration of 0.08% enhances cooking loss. This, in turn, increased gel hardness, while the water-holding capacity remains unaffected. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM) images revealed a partial disruption of the gel structure, with rising hyaluronic concentrations. In pork myofibrillar protein emulsions, smaller droplets and higher stability were observed after HA incorporation. Samples containing hyaluronic acid were more viscous and exhibited shear-thinning properties. Overall, the hyaluronic acid used in this study improved emulsion properties, whereas the gel structure was compromised.
摘要：
Low-acyl gellan gum (LA) is a typical cold- and Ca2+-set gelation polysaccharide and is widely used to improve the stability of yoghurt. Acid and endogenous calcium can induce the formation of skimmed milk (SM)/LA double gels. However, the effect of acidification temperature on the formation and physical properties of SM/LA double gels has not been elucidated. In this study, temperature above and below the LA transition temperature (38 °C) were used as acidification temperatures, which adjusted the gelation sequence of SM and LA. The LA gel prior to the SM gel formed at acidification temperature of 37 °C, exhibiting the highest WHC and G′ among all samples. Moreover, SM/LA-37 double gels showed two networks: one was a porous network and the other was a dense network. By contrast, SM/LA mixtures acidified at 42 °C formed double networks during the cooling stage, and the previously formed SM gel hindered the formation of the LA gel. Consequently, SM/LA-42 double gels showed lower WHC and G′ compared with SM/LA-37 double gels. Overall, gelation sequence substantially affected the physical properties of SM/LA double gels. Our findings provide basis for adopting optimal methods to improve yoghurt quality and revealing the gelation mechanism involved in SM/LA double gels.
Low-acyl gellan gum (LA) is a typical cold- and Ca2+-set gelation polysaccharide and is widely used to improve the stability of yoghurt. Acid and endogenous calcium can induce the formation of skimmed milk (SM)/LA double gels. However, the effect of acidification temperature on the formation and physical properties of SM/LA double gels has not been elucidated. In this study, temperature above and below the LA transition temperature (38 °C) were used as acidification temperatures, which adjusted the gelation sequence of SM and LA. The LA gel prior to the SM gel formed at acidification temperature of 37 °C, exhibiting the highest WHC and G′ among all samples. Moreover, SM/LA-37 double gels showed two networks: one was a porous network and the other was a dense network. By contrast, SM/LA mixtures acidified at 42 °C formed double networks during the cooling stage, and the previously formed SM gel hindered the formation of the LA gel. Consequently, SM/LA-42 double gels showed lower WHC and G′ compared with SM/LA-37 double gels. Overall, gelation sequence substantially affected the physical properties of SM/LA double gels. Our findings provide basis for adopting optimal methods to improve yoghurt quality and revealing the gelation mechanism involved in SM/LA double gels.
作者机构：
[Tang, Pan-Pan; Liu, Xiu-Bin] College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;[AlMasoud, Najla; Alomar, Taghrid S] Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, PO, Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;Guangdong Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;Changsha Innovation Institute for Food, Changsha, 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Rana Muhammad Aadil] N;National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
摘要：
The morphological characteristics of cold plasma (CP)-induced ovalbumin (OVA) amyloid fibrils (OAFs) and their ability to stabilize astaxanthin-loaded high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) were investigated. The results indicated that CP treatment significantly accelerated OVA fibrillization by inducing its globular structure unfolding and polypeptide cleavage, leading to the rapid formation of short, worm-like fibrils within 10 min of fibrillation. Compared to untreated OVA, which had a diameter of 18.65 ± 6.47 nm, the length of OVA worm-like fibrils progressively increased from 69.17 ± 23.84 nm (10 min) to 114.94 ± 38.04 nm (8 h) before decreasing to 92.24 ± 36.22 nm (24 h). The ability of OVA to stabilize HIPEs was significantly improved following fibrillation. Notably, the shorter fibrils of OAFs-10 min and OAFs-24 h exhibited superior stability in HIPEs compared to the longer fibril of OAFs-8 h. The reason may be ascribed to the robust interface adsorption ability of OAFs-10 min and OAFs-24 h with shorter length, generating a dense and thick interfacial layer in the oil/water emulsion (maximum 11.57 ± 1.98 %), as confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) imaging and interface protein adsorption analysis (maximum 31.61 ± 2.49 %), thereby preventing droplet coalescence. Additionally, HIPEs stabilized by OAFs-10 min exhibited a higher oil fraction (82.5 %), superior ionic (1200 mM) and thermal stability (100 °C), and greater astaxanthin retention (91.55 ± 1.97 %, 1200 mM) compared to those stabilized by other OAFs. Meanwhile, HIPEs stabilized by OAFs-24 h exhibited enhanced stability under freeze-thaw cycles and centrifugation, with centrifugal stability constant (Ke) of 16.18 ± 4.78 %.
The morphological characteristics of cold plasma (CP)-induced ovalbumin (OVA) amyloid fibrils (OAFs) and their ability to stabilize astaxanthin-loaded high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) were investigated. The results indicated that CP treatment significantly accelerated OVA fibrillization by inducing its globular structure unfolding and polypeptide cleavage, leading to the rapid formation of short, worm-like fibrils within 10 min of fibrillation. Compared to untreated OVA, which had a diameter of 18.65 ± 6.47 nm, the length of OVA worm-like fibrils progressively increased from 69.17 ± 23.84 nm (10 min) to 114.94 ± 38.04 nm (8 h) before decreasing to 92.24 ± 36.22 nm (24 h). The ability of OVA to stabilize HIPEs was significantly improved following fibrillation. Notably, the shorter fibrils of OAFs-10 min and OAFs-24 h exhibited superior stability in HIPEs compared to the longer fibril of OAFs-8 h. The reason may be ascribed to the robust interface adsorption ability of OAFs-10 min and OAFs-24 h with shorter length, generating a dense and thick interfacial layer in the oil/water emulsion (maximum 11.57 ± 1.98 %), as confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) imaging and interface protein adsorption analysis (maximum 31.61 ± 2.49 %), thereby preventing droplet coalescence. Additionally, HIPEs stabilized by OAFs-10 min exhibited a higher oil fraction (82.5 %), superior ionic (1200 mM) and thermal stability (100 °C), and greater astaxanthin retention (91.55 ± 1.97 %, 1200 mM) compared to those stabilized by other OAFs. Meanwhile, HIPEs stabilized by OAFs-24 h exhibited enhanced stability under freeze-thaw cycles and centrifugation, with centrifugal stability constant (Ke) of 16.18 ± 4.78 %.
摘要：
Bacillus velezensis is a gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium. It has strong antibacterial activity and a broad antibacterial spectrum. The strain has the ability to produce a wide range of enzymes that possess potential applications in various fields such as protease production, fermented foods, pharmaceuticals, etc. In this study, based on the multi-omics B. velezensis FZB42 gene sequence and protein function prediction, etc., and discussing the bioinformatics application of B. velezensis , we elaborated that it has an important role in the fermented food industry, with its strong antimicrobial activity as well as the multifunctionality of metabolites, which can effectively shorten the fermentation cycle and improve the nutritive value and organoleptic quality of fermented foods. It can effectively shorten the fermentation cycle and improve the nutritional value and sensory quality of fermented foods.
摘要：
Disorders of membrane lipid metabolism are responsible for the deterioration of postharvest fruit quality. In this study, a multi-omics approach was utilized to investigate how visible light-responsive chitosan composite active (CC) films regulate membrane lipid metabolism to delay kiwifruit quality deterioration. Compared with traditional polyethylene (PE) packaging, the visible light-responsive CC packaging effectively preserved sensory quality, texture, and nutritional characteristics, and reduced malondialdehyde accumulation (by 29 %) and relative electrolyte leakage rate (by 21 %), and significantly decreased the activity of membrane lipid-degrading enzymes (LOX, PLD, PLC, and PLA 2 enzyme activity). Metabolomics and transcriptomics highlighted the critical role of phospholipid metabolism in influencing quality changes. CC film reduced phosphatidic acid accumulation, attenuated phospholipid hydrolysis, and enhanced cell membrane integrity. Furthermore, it regulated key genes involved in membrane lipid metabolism, with lower expression of AcLOX , AcPLD , AcPLC , AcSDP , and AcDGK but higher expression of AcGPAT compared to the PE group. Thus, this study contributes to the understanding of the effects of membrane lipid metabolism on kiwifruit quality deterioration and also reveals the great potential of CC film to maintain kiwifruit postharvest quality.
Disorders of membrane lipid metabolism are responsible for the deterioration of postharvest fruit quality. In this study, a multi-omics approach was utilized to investigate how visible light-responsive chitosan composite active (CC) films regulate membrane lipid metabolism to delay kiwifruit quality deterioration. Compared with traditional polyethylene (PE) packaging, the visible light-responsive CC packaging effectively preserved sensory quality, texture, and nutritional characteristics, and reduced malondialdehyde accumulation (by 29 %) and relative electrolyte leakage rate (by 21 %), and significantly decreased the activity of membrane lipid-degrading enzymes (LOX, PLD, PLC, and PLA 2 enzyme activity). Metabolomics and transcriptomics highlighted the critical role of phospholipid metabolism in influencing quality changes. CC film reduced phosphatidic acid accumulation, attenuated phospholipid hydrolysis, and enhanced cell membrane integrity. Furthermore, it regulated key genes involved in membrane lipid metabolism, with lower expression of AcLOX , AcPLD , AcPLC , AcSDP , and AcDGK but higher expression of AcGPAT compared to the PE group. Thus, this study contributes to the understanding of the effects of membrane lipid metabolism on kiwifruit quality deterioration and also reveals the great potential of CC film to maintain kiwifruit postharvest quality.
摘要：
Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.), a globally cultivated cruciferous species, is a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals, including glucosinolates (GSLs), phenolic compounds, and erucic acid (EA), which collectively contribute to its multifunctional applications in nutrition, medicine, and food processing. This review systematically elucidates the phytochemical profiles and biological activities of B. juncea, emphasizing structure-function relationships and processing optimization. Key phytochemical components, such as GSLs and their enzymatic degradation products, exhibit potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Advanced processing techniques, including fermentation, low-sodium brining, and high-pressure treatment, are highlighted for enhancing functional compound stability and bioavailability. Despite the significant progress made, challenges still exist in understanding the genetic factors that influence phytochemical biosynthesis and in optimizing the metabolic transformations induced by processing. Future research should adopt multi-omics approaches to elucidate biosynthetic pathways, use kinetic modeling to reduce the degradation of bioactive compounds, and develop CRISPR-based strategies for improving germplasm. This comprehensive framework bridges fundamental phytochemistry with translational applications, positioning B. juncea as a sustainable resource for functional food innovation and precision health solutions.
