摘要：
Anhedonia is associated with dysfunction of the neural circuitry of reward in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, its neurobiological basis is not fully understood. The present study examined the association between anhedonia and white matter (WM) characteristics in patients with first-episode MDD. We recruited 30 patients with first-episode drug-naive MDD and 28 healthy controls (HC) to undergo diffusion weighted imaging. We examined specifically the correlation between WM characteristics and anhedonia measured with the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS) in MDD patients. Using Track-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS), we found that MDD patients exhibited reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in the left cingulum and the forceps minor. These patients also exhibited increased radial diffusivity (RD) in several major tracts including the bilateral anterior thalamic radiation, the corticospinal tract, the superior longitudinal fasciculus and the uncinate fasciculus in the left hemisphere. Correlational analysis showed that increased RD was significantly correlated with anticipatory anhedonia in the MDD group, while reduced mean FA was correlated with consummatory anhedonia in HC. These preliminary findings suggest that left-sided WM tracts abnormalities may contribute to the development of anhedonia in MDD patients.
摘要：
The aim of the current study was to examine the association between age at symptom onset and action cancelation in adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Performance on the stop-signal task was compared among adult patients with early-onset OCD (n = 63, onset age ≤ 19), late-onset OCD (n = 33, onset age ≥ 20), and healthy controls (n = 51). Stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) was significantly longer in both OCD groups compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were found between the two OCD groups. In addition, age at symptom onset was not associated with response inhibition performance in adults with OCD. The study findings support the existence of reduced performance on action cancelation in patients with OCD compared to healthy controls with no difference between early- and late-onset OCD subtypes.
关键词：
*Default mode network;*Melancholic major depressive disorder;*Network homogeneity;*Resting-state imaging
摘要：
Background: Melancholic depression is a relatively homogenous subtype of major depressive disorders (MDD). The condition has several endogenous symptoms and represents strong biological components. However, its specific neurobiological mechanisms remain unknown. Previous neuroimaging findings indicated that default mode network (DMN) is closely related to MDD. The present study examined the network homogeneity (NH) of the DMN in patients with melancholic MDD. Methods: A total of 33 first-episode, treatment-naive melancholic MDD patients and 32 healthy controls underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. The data were analyzed using the NH method. Results: Compared with healthy controls, patients with melancholic MDD showed low NH values in the right middle temporal gyrus and temporal pole (MTG/FP). The abnormal NH of this region and clinical characteristics were not correlated. Conclusion: Abnormal NH pattern of DMN exists in patients with melancholic MDD. This feature may be part of the pathophysiological basis of this disorder. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Fan, Jie; Zhu, Xiongzhao; Liu, Wanting; Gan, Jun; Niu, Chaoyang] Cent S Univ, Xiangya Hosp 2, Med Psychol Ctr, Renmin Rd 139, Changsha 410011, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Lei, Hui] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Educ, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Chan, Raymond C. K.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Psychol, CAS Key Lab Mental Hlth, Neuropsychol & Appl Cognit Neurosci Lab, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Chan, Raymond C. K.] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Dept Psychol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhu, Xiongzhao] C;Cent S Univ, Xiangya Hosp 2, Med Psychol Ctr, Renmin Rd 139, Changsha 410011, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
*Executive function;*Mentalizing;*Obsessive-compulsive disorder;*Social cognition;*Theory of mind
摘要：
Impairment in social functioning has been widely described in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, several aspects of social cognition, such as theory of mind (ToM), have not been substantially investigated in this context. This study examined cognitive and affective ToM in 40 OCD patients and 38 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) with the computerized Yoni task and a battery of neurocognitive tests. OCD symptom severity was assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were also assessed. Compared to HCs, OCD patients performed worse on second-order affective condition trials, but not cognitive or physical condition trials, of the Yoni task; there were not group differences in any of the first-order condition domains. Second-order ToM performance of OCD patients was associated with estimated intelligence and working memory performance. After controlling for neurocognitive variables, the group difference in second-order affective condition performance remained significant. These findings indicate that the affective component of ToM may be selectively impaired in OCD patients and that the observed deficit is largely independent of other neurocognitive impairments and clinical characteristics.
摘要：
We examined foliar nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry of 3 wetland plants (Phalaris arundinacea, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, and Carex brevicuspis) distributed along an elevation gradient in the Dongting Lake, China, and how this stoichiometry is related to soil physico-chemical characteristics, elevation, and flooding days. Plant and soil samples were collected from 3 lakeshore sites. Total N and P concentrations of plants and six physico-chemical characteristics of the soil were measured, in addition to the elevation and flooding days. P. arundinacea and M. sacchariflorus had higher total N and P concentrations than C. brevicuspis. The foliar N:P ratio decreased with increasing elevation, and only increased with increasing foliar total N concentration. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the foliar stoichiometry was primarily regulated by soil water content, followed by soil nutrient concentration. The foliar N and P stoichiometry of the 3 wetland plants was insignificantly correlated with soil total P concentration. However, foliar stoichiometric characteristics and soil total N concentration significantly differed among the 3 species. These results demonstrate that spatial variation of foliar stoichiometry in wetland plants exists along an elevation gradient, with this information being useful for the conservation and management of wetland plants in this lake.
摘要：
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by unwanted, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive, ritualistic behaviors (compulsions). Findings related to the two components of inhibition, namely interference control and behavioral inhibition, among OCD patients have been inconsistent. It might be that this inconsistency is due to the heterogeneity among OCD cases representing multiple subtypes of OCD, such as autogenous obsessions and reactive obsessions types (AOs vs. ROs). AOs and ROs are distinguished by the category of their most disturbing obsessions. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine whether inhibition functions differ between AO and RO patients. We assessed interference control and behavioral inhibition with the emotional Stroop task (EST) and stop-signal task (SST), respectively, in 42 AOs, 55 ROs and 62 healthy controls (HCs) and event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in a random subset of these subjects (25 AOs, 25 ROs, and 31HCs). Results showed that in the EST, AOs exhibited longer reaction times (RTs) for color-naming positive-, negative-, and neutral valence word stimulus than both ROs and HCs, and demonstrated larger P2 and less negative N450 amplitudes than HCs and larger P3 amplitudes than ROs and HCs. In the SST, both AOs and ROs showed lengthened stop signal reaction time (SSRT) and reduced Stop-P3 amplitudes in successful inhibition (SI) trials compared to the HC group. These present findings suggest that behavioral inhibition impairment may reflect a common pathology in both the autogenous- and reactive-type OCD patients, whereas interference inhibition impairment appears to be specific to patients with autogenous obsessions. These findings strengthened the insight into the clinical heterogeneity and pathophysiology of OCD. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[He, Yushu; Ling, Yu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Educ, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wei, Yong] Cent S Univ, Sch Business, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Qi; Zhong, Mingtian; Cen, Weihong] S China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Ctr Studies Psychol Applicat, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhong, Mingtian] S;S China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Ctr Studies Psychol Applicat, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Undergraduate students;Intrinsic goals;Extrinsic goals;Stress;Depressive symptoms;Hierarchical linear model
摘要：
Background: Studies in western countries have examined the specific vulnerability hypothesis of Dykman's theory of goal-orientation predispositions to depression through two-time point designs. The purpose of this prospective longitudinal study was to investigate the moderating effects of intrinsic and extrinsic goals on stress and depressive symptoms in Chinese undergraduate students. Methods: A total of 462 undergraduate students [46 % female; mean age, 19.06 (range, 17-22) years] completed self-reported measures assessing intrinsic and extrinsic goals, depressive symptoms, and the occurrence of social and academic hassles. Every 3 months over the subsequent 12 months, the undergraduate students completed measures assessing depressive symptoms and the occurrence of daily hassles. Results: Results of hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that undergraduate students with low levels of intrinsic goals reported greater depressive symptoms following the occurrence of social and academic hassles than did those with high levels of such goals. However, undergraduate students with high levels of extrinsic goals did not report greater depressive symptoms following the occurrence of social and academic hassles than did those possessing low levels. Conclusions: These findings suggest that intrinsic goals can protect undergraduate students experiencing high levels of social and academic hassles from depressive symptoms. The study findings provide new insight into the course of depressive symptoms among undergraduate students, and offer psychologist and psychiatrists ways to protect individuals from depressive symptoms by building up intrinsic goals. � 2016 Ling et al.
期刊：
Journal of Affective Disorders,2016年198:56-63 ISSN：0165-0327
通讯作者：
Yao, Shuqiao
作者机构：
[Zhang, Xiaocui; Wang, Xiang; Yao, Shuqiao] Cent S Univ, Xiangya Hosp 2, Inst Med Psychol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Di, Xin] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Biomed Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA.;[Lei, Hui] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Educ, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Juan] Hainan Med Coll, Dept Psychol, Haikou, Hainan, Peoples R China.;[Xiao, Jing] Capital Normal Univ, Beijing Key Lab Learning & Cognit, Beijing, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yao, Shuqiao] C;Cent S Univ, Xiangya Hosp 2, Inst Med Psychol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation;Hopelessness theory;Major depression disorder;Resting state;Trait depression;fMRI
摘要：
Background: The hopelessness theory of depression posits that individuals with negative cognitive styles are at risk of developing depression following negative life events. The purpose of this work was to examine whether individuals with cognitive vulnerability to depression (CVD) exhibit similar spontaneous brain activity patterns as compared to patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: Subjects with CVD (N=32), drug-naive first-episode patients with major depressive disorder (N=32), and sex-, age- and education-matched healthy controls (HCs; N=35) were subjected to resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) and amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) was compared between the groups. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between regional ALFFs and psychometric scores, namely the Cognitive Style Questionnaire (CSQ) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale scores. Results: Significant group differences in ALFF values were observed bilaterally in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and insular cortex (IC), and in the left fusiform gyrus (FFG). Compared to HCs, CVD subjects had reduced ALFFs in the bilateral OFC and increased ALFF in the bilateral IC and the left FFG, which were similar to the differences observed between the HCs and MDD patients. Compared to MDD patients, CVD subjects showed significant reduced ALFF values in right IC. Additionally, CSQ scores for the CVD group correlated with ALFF values in the left IC. Limitations: We did not conduct a longitudinal study. Our findings were limited in cross-sectional analysis. Conclusions: A hypoactive OFC and hyperactive IC in a resting-state may underlie an imbalance in the spontaneous brain activity in orbitofrontal-insular circuits, and these differences may represent a trait-related marker of vulnerability to depression. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
The Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS) is a semi-structured, clinical interview scale measuring insight/delusionality in problems such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The BABS is widely used, but few studies have examined its psychometric properties in OCD patients; and existing studies have small sample sizes. The present study aimed to establish a Chinese version of the BASS and assess its psychometric properties in a relatively large sample of 171 outpatients with OCD. Results showed that the internal consistency as well as the convergent and divergent validity of the Chinese version of the BABS was acceptable. The ICCs demonstrated good interrater reliability and test-retest reliability and a confirmatory factor analysis supported the original one-factor structure. Moreover, the results provided further evidence that OCD patients' insight varies widely, and that the Chinese version of the BABS could be used to assess insight/delusionality in OCD. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Yang, Xin-hua; Chan, Raymond C. K.; Huang, Jia] Chinese Acad Sci, Neuropsychol & Appl Cognit Neurosci Lab, Key Lab Mental Hlth, Inst Psychol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Xin-hua; Lan, Yong; Zhu, Cui-ying] Hunan Agr Univ, Inst Educ, Rural Children & Adolescents Res Ctr Hlth Promot, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Xiao-qun] Cent S Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Xie, Guang-rong; Wang, Ye-fei] Cent S Univ, Natl Technol Inst Psychiat, Key Lab Psychiat & Mental Hlth Hunan Prov, Mental Hlth Inst,Xiangya Hosp 2, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Cheung, Eric F. C.] Castle Peak Hosp, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chan, Raymond C. K.] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Psychol, 16 Lincui Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Effort expenditure for reward task;FMRI;Motivation;Schizophrenia
作者：
Liu, Hongyou*;Yi, Qing;Gimenez, Jesus-Vicente;Gomez, Miguel-Angel;Lago-Penas, Carlos
期刊：
International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport,2015年15(1):371-390 ISSN：2474-8668
通讯作者：
Liu, Hongyou
作者机构：
[Gomez, Miguel-Angel; Liu, Hongyou; Gimenez, Jesus-Vicente] Tech Univ Madrid, Fac Phys Act & Sport Sci, Madrid, Spain.;[Liu, Hongyou] Shenzhen Univ, Sport Dept, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;[Yi, Qing] Hunan Agr Univ, Inst Educ, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Lago-Penas, Carlos] Univ Vigo, Fac Educ & Sports Sci, Pontevedra, Spain.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Hongyou] T;Tech Univ Madrid, Fac Phys Act & Sport Sci, Madrid, Spain.
关键词：
Match statistics;Notational analysis;Performance indicators;Soccer
摘要：
Performance of football teams varies constantly due to the dynamic nature of this sport, whilst the typical performance and its spread can be represented by profiles combining different performance-related variables based on data from multiple matches. The current study aims to use a profiling technique to evaluate and compare match performance of football teams in the UEFA Champions League incorporating three situational variables (i.e. strength of team and opponent, match outcome and match location). Match statistics of 72 teams, 496 games across four seasons (2008-09 to 2012-13) of this competition were analysed. Sixteen performance-related events were included: shots, shots on target, shots from open play, shots from set piece, shots from counter attack, passes, pass accuracy (%), crosses, through balls, corners, dribbles, possession, aerial success (%), fouls, tackles, and yellow cards. Teams were classified into three levels of strength by a k-cluster analysis. Profiles of overall performance and profiles incorporating three situational variables for teams of all three levels of strength were set up by presenting the mean, standard deviation, median, lower and upper quartiles of the counts of each event to represent their typical performances and spreads. Means were compared by using one-way ANOVA and independent sample t test (for match location, home and away differences), and were plotted into the same radar charts after unifying all the event counts by standardised score. Established profiles can present straightforwardly typical performances of football teams of different levels playing in different situations, which could provide detailed references for coaches and analysts to evaluate performances of upcoming opposition and of their own.
