摘要：
Shanlan upland rice is an important landrace rice resource and is characterized with high drought stress (DS) tolerance relative to cultivated rice. However, the molecular mechanism of DS response in Shanlan upland rice remains unclear. In this study, we performed an integrated analysis of transcriptome and targeted metabolism to decipher the key biological pathways that responded to drought tolerance using two Shanlan upland rice lines. Results show that SL10 possesses 64% higher photosynthetic efficiency (Pn) and 2-fold higher water use efficiency (WUE) than that in SL1 exposed to DS. The decrease in Pn by DS is not due to stomatal limitation effects for SL1. Transcriptome analysis suggests photosynthesis relevant pathways (photosynthesis-antenna proteins and carbon fixation) and photorespiration relevant pathway (glycine, serine and threonine metabolism) in SL1 under DS were significantly enriched in the down-regulated and up-regulated DEGs list, respectively. There are 412 up-regulated and 233 down-regulated drought responsive genes (DRGs) in SL10 relative to SL1 induced by DS. Targeted metabolism results suggest that the contents across five metabolites related to carbon fixation pathway were declined by 36 and 8% in SL1 and SL10 caused by DS, respectively. We finally summarized the both gene expression and metabolites involved in photorespiration and carbon fixation pathways in response to DS in both rice lines. This study provides valuable information for better understanding the molecular mechanism underlying drought tolerance in Shanlan rice.
作者机构：
[Li, Ming; Xiao, Yubo; Tang, Shengsong; Ning, Qian] Hunan Univ Med, Hunan Prov Key Lab Antibody Based Drug & Intellig, Huaihua 418000, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Ming; Zheng, Xiang; Liu, Minqi; Mo, Zhongcheng] Guilin Med Univ, Guangxi Key Lab Mol Med Liver Injury & Repair, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Minqi; Mo, Zhongcheng] Guilin Med Univ, Guangxi Prov Postgrad Co Training Base Cooperat I, Yueyang 414000, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Minqi; Mo, Zhongcheng] Yueyang Women & Childrens Med Ctr, Yueyang 414000, Peoples R China.;[Xiang, Ziye] Changsha Med Univ, Sch Med Lab Sci, Changsha 410000, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Shengsong Tang] H;[Zhongcheng Mo] G;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China<&wdkj&>Guangxi Province Postgraduate Co-Training Base for Cooperative Innovation in Basic Medicine (Guilin Medical University and Yueyang Women & Children’s Medical Center), Yueyang, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China<&wdkj&>College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
通讯机构：
[Jianfeng Feng] K;Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
作者机构：
[Xue, Shengguo; He, Xuan; Wu, Chuan; Jiang, Xingxing] Cent South Univ, Sch Met & Environm, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Chuan; Li, Waichin] Educ Univ Hong Kong, Dept Sci & Environm Studies, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Pan, Weisong; Xia, Libing] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chuan Wu] S;School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China<&wdkj&>Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Administrative Region, Hong Kong, PR China
关键词：
Arsenic biotransformation gene;Ferrous iron oxidation;Iron oxidizing strain;Soil-rice system
摘要：
Arsenic (As) biotransformation in soil affects As biogeochemical cycling and is associated with As accumulation in rice. After inoculation with 1% iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) in paddy soil, As speciation, As biotransformation genes in soil, As/Fe in Fe plaques, and As accumulation in rice were characterized. Compared with the control, the available As concentrations in soils decreased while amorphous and poorly crystalline Fe-Al oxidized As and crystalline Fe-Al oxidized As fractions increased of F (FeOB) and RF (rice and FeOB) treatments. Fe concentrations increased and positively correlated with As concentrations in Fe plaques on the rice root surface (***P<0.001). Compared with R (rice), Monomethyl As (MMA), dimethyl As (DMA), arsenate (As(V)), and arsenite (As(III)) concentrations in rice plants showed a downwards trend of RF treatment. The As concentration in grains was below the National Standard for Food Safety (GB 2762-2017). A total of 16 As biotransformation genes in rhizosphere soils of different treatments (CK, F, R and RF were quantified by high-throughput qPCR (HT-qPCR). Compared with the control, the As(V) reduction and As transport genes abundance in other treatments increased respectively by 54.54%-69.17% and 54.63%-73.71%; the As(III) oxidation and As (de) methylation genes did not change significantly; however, several As(III) oxidation genes (aoxA, aoxB, aoxS, and arsH) increased. These results revealed that FeOB could reduce, transport As, and maybe also oxidize As. In addition, As(III) oxidation gene (aoxC) in rhizosphere soil was more abundant than in non-rhizosphere soil. It indicated that radial oxygen loss (ROL) promoted As(III) oxidation in rhizosphere soils. The results provide evidence for As biotransformation by ROL and FeOB in soil-rice system. ROL affects As oxidation and immobilization, and FeOB affects As reduction, transportation and may also affect As oxidation.
通讯机构：
[Fang, Jun] C;College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
通讯机构：
[Xiao, L.] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
通讯机构：
[Yuanshan Lin] C;College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
Cellulase plays an important role in addressing the issue of the energy crisis. However, the yield and degradation efficiency of cellulase remain a major challenge. In the present study, we aimed to verify whether ammonium ion (NH4+) could induce cellulase synthesis from T. koningii AS3.2774 and to explore new functional genes related to the cellulase production. Our results indicated that NH4+ induces cellulase production in a way different from nitrogen sources. NH4+-mediated mycelia displayed a significant increase in transport vesicles. Under NH4+ mediation, CBHI, CBHII, glycoside hydrolase family 5 proteins, Hap2/3/5 complexes, “ribosome biogenesis”, and “heme binding” were significantly up-regulated, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in “Metabolism”. Collectively, our findings illustrated that NH4+ induced the cellulase production at morphological and gene expression levels, which might be related to the Hap2/3/5 complex, ribosomes, and genes involved in various amino acid metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Taken together, our results provided valuable insights into the regulatory network of cellulase gene expression in filamentous fungi.
作者机构：
[Pan, Jiafeng] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Pan, Jiafeng; Chen, Junhua] Guangdong Acad Sci, Natl Reg Joint Engn Res Ctr Soil Pollut Control &, Guangdong Key Lab Integrated Agroenvironm Pollut, Inst Ecoenvironm & Soil Sci, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China.;[Bao, Enhu; Bao, Dongqin] Xuzhou Med Univ, Shuyang Hosp, Suqian 223800, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Junhua Chen] N;National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
摘要：
A simple, highly sensitive biosensor for S. aureus detection is becoming increasingly important in human health and safety. In this work, a hairpin probe-mediated DNA circuit for the detection of the mecA gene of S. aureus was reported cascading Exo III-assisted cycling signal amplification and the DNAzyme-mediated cleavage reaction. In the presence of the target mecA gene, the recognition and hybridization between HP1 and mecA can trigger Exo III and DNAzyme-mediated signal amplification and further release numerous ATMND, resulting in an enhanced fluorescence response, which serves as a response signal for the fluorescence detection of mecA gene. This biosensor enables the sensitive and specific detection of the mecA gene, showing a linear response ranging from 1 fM to 1 nM with a detection limit of 0.5 fM. Moreover, this fluorescence assay has been applied for the analysis of clinical samples with satisfactory recovery. Importantly, this universal platform can be further extended for the analysis of other targets by alternating the corresponding recognition unit, which holds much promise in point-of-care testing for bacterial analysis.
通讯机构：
[Tiean Zhou] H;[Zhaohong Su] C;Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Cell Mechanics and Function Analysis, Changsha 410128, PR China<&wdkj&>College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China<&wdkj&>College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Cell Mechanics and Function Analysis, Changsha 410128, PR China
摘要：
Nowadays, the non-specific adsorption of biomolecules is a key issue in numerous fields. Herein, an improved antifouling molecule was synthesized by grafting phenol with oligopoly (ethylene glycol), named (4-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy) ethoxy) phenol (EEP). An ideal antifouling polymer coating (PEEP) was synthesized by the mechanism of electropolymerization of phenol. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), a sensitive mass sensor, was used to dynamically monitor both the modification and anti-protein adhesion (with bovine serum albumin as the model) process. Quantitatively, less proteins were observed to adhere to the modified electrode (277.8 ng for bare GCE and 8.88 ng for the modified GCE). Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical methods were used to study the coatings in detail. In this study, EEP was synthesized for the electrochemical preparation of an antifouling coating and characterized by QCM and electrochemical methods. The mild preparation environment (lower potential window and in phosphate buffered saline) and one-step method enable potential applications of PEEP in the field of biomaterials and biosensors.
通讯机构：
[Hui Fu] E;Ecology Department, College of Resources & Environments, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
关键词：
Beta diversity;Fish;Homogenous community;Local and regional scale;Macrophytes
摘要：
Seasonal and annual dynamics of the zooplankton community in lakes are affected by changes in abiotic drivers, trophic interactions (e.g., changes in phytoplankton and fish communities and abundances) and habitat characteristics (e.g. macrophyte abundance and composition). However, little is known about the temporal responses of the zooplankton community to abiotic and biotic drivers across lakes at the regional scale. Using a comprehensive 20-year dataset from 20 Danish lakes in recovery from eutrophication, we assessed the seasonal and annual trends in the spatial heterogeneity of zooplankton community across lakes and related it to abiotic and biotic drivers. We found significant seasonality and inter-annual decreases in spatial zooplankton heterogeneity in both shallow and deep lakes, with the decrease in the spatial turnover dominating the temporal dynamics of the beta diversity. For the inter-annual changes, decreased spatial heterogeneity of phytoplankton, macrophytes and fish were important biotic drivers at the regional scale. Using a series of ordinary least squares regressions and model selection with model averaging approaches, we revealed that both local (e.g., total phosphorus, total nitrogen, pH, Secchi depth, alkalinity, Schmidt stability, water temperature) and regional drivers (e.g., air temperature, solar irradiance) were important variables influencing the spatial zooplankton heterogeneity, although the directions depended on the beta diversity measures and water depth. Our results highlight an important role of bottom-up forces through phytoplankton community as well as macrophytes and top-down forces via fishes in driving the temporal changes in zooplankton community composition patterns at the regional scale. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
The rice
OsFAH
gene functions identically to that of
Arabidopsis SSCD1
encoding FAH. Loss of
OsFAH
causes rice sterility.
Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) is the last enzyme in the tyrosine (Tyr) degradation pathway that is crucial for animals. By genetic analysis of the mutant of Short-day Sensitive Cell Death 1 gene encoding Arabidopsis FAH, we first found the pathway also plays a critical role in plants (Han et al., Plant Physiol 162:1956–1964, 2013). To further understand the role of the Tyr degradation pathway in plants, we investigated a biological function of the rice FAH. Firstly, the cDNA of rice FAH gene (OsFAH) was cloned and confirmed to be able to rescue the Arabidopsis Short-day Sensitive Cell Death 1 mutant defective in the FAH. Then, we identified the OsFAH T-DNA insertion mutant and generated the OsFAH RNA interference lines, and found that loss of OsFAH results in rice sterility. Furthermore, we analyzed expression of the OsFAH gene in roots, stems, leaves and young panicles at booting stage of rice and found that its transcript level was highest in young panicles and lowest in roots. In addition, the expression analysis of β-glucuronidase driven by OsFAH promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis showed that the OsFAH promoter was highly active in aerial tissues in vegetative stage, and sepals, filaments and stigma in reproductive stage. These results suggested that FAH plays an important role in rice fertility.
摘要：
During the production and application of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic crops, large doses of insecticidal Bt toxic proteins are expressed continuously. The multi-interfacial behaviors of Bt proteins entering the environment in multi-media affects their states of existence transformation, transport and fate as well as biological and ecological impacts. Because both soil matrix and organisms will be exposed to Bt proteins to a certain extent, knowledge of the multi-interfacial behaviors and affecting factors of Bt proteins are vital not only for understanding the source-sink distribution mechanisms, predicting their bio-availability, but also for exploring the soil safety and environmental problems caused by the interaction between Bt proteins and soil matrix. This review summarized and analyzed various internal and external factors that affect the adsorption/ desorption and degradation of Bt proteins in the environment, so as to understand the multi-interfacial behaviors of Bt proteins. In addition, the reasons of concentration changes of Bt proteins in soil are discussed. This review will also discuss the existing knowledge of the combined effects of Bt proteins and other pollutants in environment. Finally, discussing the factors that should be considered when assessing the environmental risk of Bt proteins, thus to further improve the understanding of the environmental fate of Bt proteins.
摘要：
With the increasing production and wide application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), they are inevitably released into the natural environment and ecosystems, where plants are the main primary producers. Hence, it is imperative to understand the toxic effects of CNTs on plants. The molecular mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of CNTs on plants are still unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effects of high concentrations of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) on Arabidopsis. Root elongation and leaf development were severely inhibited after MWCNT exposure. Excess production of H2O2, O-2(-), and malondialdehyde was observed, indicating that MWCNTs induced oxidative stress. The antioxidant system was activated to counter MWCNTs-induced oxidative stress. Combinatorial transcriptome and m6A methylome analysis revealed that MWCNTs suppressed auxin signaling and photosynthesis. Reactive oxygen species metabolism, toxin metabolism, and plant responses to pathogens were enhanced to cope with the phytotoxicity of MWCNTs. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of CNT phytotoxicity and plant defense responses to CNTs. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
As the predominant predator of pests in rice fields, spiders have been exposed to cadmium (Cd) pollution for a long time. The livability of spiders during the overwintering period is closely related to population growth in spring, but the effects of Cd on spider's survival of cold hardness and the underlining mechanism remain unclear. In the present study, we found that some growth parameters (body length, width, mass and livability) in the wolf spider Pirata subpiraticus were altered distinctively under Cd stress. To investigate the effects of Cd toxicity on the spider at molecular levels, RNA-sequencing was performed on the spiderlings undergoing ambient temperature alterations. Transcriptome data showed that a total of 807 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were yielded in the comparison. The obtained DEGs were mainly linked with metabolism-related process, including oxidoreductase activity and lipid transport, and 25 DEGs were associated with the reported cryoprotectants, including glycerol, arginine, cysteine, heat shock protein, glucose and mannose. Growth factors (insulin growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor) and cytochrome P450 encoding genes were dramatically expressed in the spider. Furthermore, transcriptional factors (TFs) family were characterized according to the transcriptomic profile, and ZBTB TFs were represented the most distinctive alterations in the characterized genes. Collectively, our study illustrated that Cd poses disadvantageous effects on the growth of P. subpiraticus at cold ambient temperature, and the spiders are capable of responding to the adverse Cd stress by expressing the genes involved in the metabolism of energy substances, cryoprotectants and immune-related components. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
World-wide, reducing the external nutrient loading to lakes has been the primary priority of lake management in the restoration of eutrophic lakes over the past decades, and as expected this has resulted in an increase in the local environmental heterogeneity, and thus biotic heterogeneity, within lakes. However, little is known about how the regional spatial heterogeneity of lake biotic communities changes with restoration across a landscape. Using a long-term monitoring dataset from 20 Danish lakes, we elucidated the seasonal and long-term trends in the spatial heterogeneity of climate, local abiotic variables and phytoplankton communities over two decades of restoration and climate change at landscape level. We found significant seasonality in the spatial heterogeneity of most climatic and local drivers as well as in the total beta diversity (Sorensen coefficient) and its turnover components (Simpson coefficient) of phytoplankton communities among the lakes. The seasonality tended to be less marked in deep than in shallow lakes. We found significant spatial homogenisation of most local drivers (except for alkalinity) and phytoplankton communities after two decades of restoration and that turnover dominated the temporal responses of the total beta diversity of phytoplankton communities. Path analyses showed that the homogenisation of phytoplankton communities was mainly due to a decrease in spatial heterogeneity of total phosphorus and Schmidt stability in shallow lakes and to a decrease in spatial total phosphorus and total nitrogen heterogeneity in deep lakes. However, albeit weakly, the spatial heterogeneity of the phytoplankton communities was affected indirectly by climatic warming in both shallow and deep lakes and directly by wind speed in shallow lakes. We conclude that restoration of eutrophic lakes may lead to an increase in the local heterogeneity of phytoplankton communities at lake scale and an increase in homogeneity at landscape scale. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Biochar is a good adsorbent for water pollutants. However, the effects of biochar on aquatic organisms are not well understood. In this study, different amounts of biochar (CK, 0 mg/g; T1. 10 mg/g; 12, 30 mg/g) were added to sediment to study changes in water quality and its impact on three submerged macrophytes (Hydrilla verticillata, Vallisneria natans, and Ceratophyllum demersum) and the sediment microbial community. The results indicated that biochar treatments significantly increased the water pH and conductivity. Compared with the initial values, the total phosphorus (P) contents in the water of the CK, T1, and T2 treatments decreased by 78.5%, 95.0%, and 58.3%, respectively, while the total nitrogen contents increased by 2626%, -5.81%, and 19.70%, respectively. Compared with those in CK, the relative growth rates of H. verticillata, V. natans, and C. demersum in T1 increased by 28.4%, 163.1%, and 61.3%, respectively, while those in T2 showed no significant difference except that the growth rates of H. verticillata decreased by 17.7%. The P contents of the three submerged macrophytes increased with the increase of biochar addition, except that there was no significant difference between T2 and CK for H. verticillata. Biochar treatments reduced the biomass of total microbial, bacterial, and fungal phospholipid fatty acids in the sediment for H. verticillata and V. natans, and they increased fungal: bacterial ratios in the low-dose biochar treatments for V. natans and C. demersum. This study demonstrates that the addition of biochar to sediment significantly increased the pH and conductivity, and decreased total P contents in the water. Low-dose biochar treatments were more beneficial for water quality improvements and the growth of submerged macrophytes than high-dose biochar. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
