摘要：
In recent years, carbon-based materials catalyzing peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for green degradation of persistent or-ganic pollutants have attracted increasing attention. However, PMS activation by hydrochar composite (e.g. hydrochar-montomorillonite) has rarely been investigated. Herein, a simple preparation, low-cost and eco-friendly catalyst of hydrochar-montmorillonite composite (HC-Mt) was prepared to firstly catalyze PMS for the degradation of dicamba (DIC). The as-prepared HC-Mt showed a remarkably better catalyzing performance for PMS than pure hydrochar (HC) due to its good physicochemical characteristics and abundant oxygen-containing groups. Further-more, the electron spin resonance (ESR) and quenching tests revealed that active species such as SO4 center dot-, center dot OH and O2 center dot- all participated in the degradation process. DIC sites on C6, Cl 10, and O15 exhibited higher reactivity according to the density functional theory (DFT) calculation, which were easily attacked by active species. The DIC degradation mainly occurred via hydroxyl substitution, decarboxylation, oxidation and ring-cleavage and finally most of the inter-mediates were mineralized into CO2 and H2O. Finally, the phytotoxicity assessment was measured by the germination growth situation of tobacco and mung beans in the presence of DIC (with or without treatment by HC-Mt/PMS). The result showed that HC-Mt/PMS could significantly reduce the phytotoxicity of DIC to crops, suggesting that catalyzing PMS using HC-Mt was environmentally friendly. Therefore, this work did not only provide a novel catalyzing PMS strategy using hydrochar composite for wastewater treatment, but also give a new idea for herbicide phytotoxicity management.
通讯机构：
[Guo-Hua Huang] C;College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
Genetic engineering technology is an ideal method to improve insecticidal efficiency by combining the advantages of different pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, six ascovirus genes were introduced into the genomic DNA of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) to possibly transfer the intrinsically valuable insecticidal properties from ascovirus to baculovirus. The viral budded virus (BV) production and viral DNA replication ability of AcMNPV-111 and AcMNPV-165 were significantly stronger than that of AcMNPV-Egfp (used as the wild-type virus in this study), whereas AcMNPV-33 had reduced ones. AcMNPV-111 and AcMNPV-165 also exhibited excellent insecticidal efficiency in the in vivo bioassays: AcMNPV-111 showed a 24.1% decrease in the LT(50) value and AcMNPV-165 exhibited a 56.3% decrease in the LD(50) value compared with AcMNPV-Egfp against the 3rd instar of Spodoptera exigua larvae, respectively. Furthermore, the size of the occlusion bodies (OBs) of AcMNPV-33, AcMNPV-111, and AcMNPV-165 were significantly increased compared to that of AcMNPV-Egfp. AcMNPV-111 and AcMNPV-165 had stable virulence against the 2nd to 4th instars tested larvae and higher OB yield than AcMNPV-Egfp in the 3rd and 4th instar larvae. Correlation and regression analyses indicated that it is better to use 5 OBs/larva virus to infect the 2nd instar larvae to produce AcMNPV-111 and 50 OBs/larva virus to infect the 3rd instar larvae to produce AcMNPV-165. The results of this study obtained recombinant viruses with enhanced virulence and exhibited a diversity of ascovirus gene function based on the baculovirus platform, which provided a novel strategy for the improvement of baculovirus as a biological insecticide.
摘要：
As an endosymbiont, Wolbachia exerts significant effects on the host, including on reproduction, immunity, and metabolism. However, the study of Wolbachia in Thysanopteran insects, such as flower thrips Frankliniella intonsa, remains limited. Here, we assembled a gap-free looped genome assembly of Wolbachia strain wFI in a length of 1,463,884 bp (GC content 33.80%), using Nanopore long reads and Illumina short reads. The annotation of wFI identified a total of 1838 protein-coding genes (including 85 pseudogenes), 3 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 35 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and 1 transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA). Beyond this basic description, we identified mobile genetic elements, such as prophage and insertion sequences (ISs), which make up 17% of the entire wFI genome, as well as genes involved in riboflavin and biotin synthesis and metabolism. This research lays the foundation for understanding the nutritional mutualism between Wolbachia and flower thrips. It also serves as a valuable resource for future studies delving into the intricate interactions between Wolbachia and its host.
期刊：
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems,2023年7:1261745 ISSN：2571-581X
作者机构：
[Men, Xingyuan] Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China;[Xie, Wen] Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, China;[Ouyang, Fang] State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China;[Li, Wei] College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, China
关键词：
Pest Control;Pollination;biological control;bioactive volatiles;Beneficial nematodes
作者机构：
[Huan Yu; Hong Chen; Ni Li; Hua-Yan Xiao; Gong Chen; Guo-Hua Huang] Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Xinhuang Dong Autonomous County, Huaihua, Hunan, China;[Chang-Jin Yang] Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Xinhuang Dong Autonomous County, Huaihua, Hunan, China
通讯机构：
[Gong Chen; Guo-Hua Huang] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
关键词：
Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h);ascovirus;insect virus;pathogenicity;structural protein
摘要：
Different pathogenic processes of a virus in different hosts are related to the host individual differences, which makes the virus undergoes different survival pressures. Here, we found that the virions of an insect virus, Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h), had different protein composition when they were purified from different host larval species. These "adaptive changes" of the virions were analyzed in detail in this study, which mainly included the differences of the protein composition of virions and the differences in affinity between virions and different host proteins. The results of this study revealed the flexible changes of viruses to help themselves adapt to different hosts. Also, these interesting findings can provide new insights to improve our understanding of virus adaptability and virulence differentiation caused by the adaptation process.
通讯机构：
[Ding, Z ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Prov Engn & Technol Res Ctr Biopesticide & F, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Meloidogyne graminicola;population density;agroecosystem;soil moisture;root gall
摘要：
The rice root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola is increasingly widely distributed in China and has had a severe incidence in Hunan Province. It is thus necessary to investigate its population dynamics in paddy fields. This study was conducted to ascertain the effect of direct-seeded rice agroecosystems on the population dynamics of M. graminicola and root gall development in rice. The results indicated that the population density of M. graminicola in soil was markedly influenced by the agroecosystem, rainfall and temperature. The population density of M. graminicola J2, and eggs in the soil and root galls, were significantly larger in the dry aerobic rice agroecosystem and in the rain-fed upland agroecosystem than in the lowland double-rice cropping sequence agroecosystem. As it can affect soil moisture rainfall was the key factor affecting the density of nematodes in both the rain-fed upland agroecosystem and the dry aerobic rice agroecosystem. Field flooding was still an effective way to reduce the population density of M. graminicola. In addition, we observed that M. graminicola can lay eggs outside rice roots under laboratory conditions. Therefore, we propose a hypothesis that M. graminicola lays egg masses within roots when the soil moisture is high, but lays eggs outside when the soil moisture is suitable. By clarifying the population dynamics of M. graminicola in different types of direct-seeded rice agroecosystems, this study is conducive to controlling rice root-knot nematodes.
作者机构：
[Liu, Mao-Yan] Xichang University, 381931, School of Agricultural Sciences, Xichang, Sichuan, China;[Liu, Mao-Yan] Hunan Agricultural University, 12575, College of Plant protection, Changsha, China;[Liu, Mao-Yan] liu-mao-yan@foxmail.com;[Shao, Hudie] Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Plant Protection, 243827, Beijing, Beijing, China;[Shao, Hudie] shaohudie@126.com
通讯机构：
[Yang-Yan, Wu] s;sunshine.
关键词：
Meloidogyne graminicola;Mitochondrial COI;Pathogen diversity;Population structure;Rice;Subject Areas
摘要：
The distribution range of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola is rapidly expanding, posing a severe threat to rice production. In this study, the sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) genes of rice M. graminicola populations from all reported provinces in China were amplified and sequenced by PCR. The distribution pattern and phylogenetic tree showed that all 54 M. graminicola populations in China have distinct geographical distribution characteristics, specifically Cluster 1 (southern China), Cluster 2 (central south and southwest China), and Cluster 3 (central and eastern China). The high haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.646) and low nucleotide diversity (π= 0.00682), combined with the negative value of Tajima's D (-1.252) and Fu's FS (-3.06764) suggested that all nematode populations were expanding. The existence of high genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.5933) and low gene flow (Nm = 0.3333) indicated that there was a block of gene exchange between most populations. Mutation accumulation with population expansion might be directly responsible for the high genetic differentiation, so the tested nematode population showed high within-group genetic variation (96.30%). The haplotype Hap8 was located at the bottom of the network topology, with the widest distribution and the highest frequency (59.26%), indicating that it was the ancestral haplotype. The populations in Cluster 3 were newly invasive according to the lowest frequency of occurrence of Hap8, the highest number of endemic haplotypes and the highest total haplotype frequency (60%). On the contrary, Cluster 1 having the highest genetic diversity (Hd = 0.772, π = 0.01127) indicated that it was the most primitive. Interestingly, the highest gene flow (Nm > 1), lowest genetic differentiation (Fst ≤ 0.33), and closest genetic distance (0.000) only occurred between Guangdong / Hainan population and others, which suggested that there might be channels for gene exchange between them and long-distance dispersal occurred. This suggestion is further confirmed by the weak correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance. Based on these data, a hypothesis can be drawn that M. graminicola populations in China were spreading from south to north, specifically from Guangdong / Hainan provinces to other regions. Natural selection (including anthropogenic) and genetic drift were the main drivers of their evolution. Coincidentally, this hypothesis was consistent with the gradual warming trend and the chronological order of reporting these populations. The main factors, influencing current M. graminicola population expansion and distribution patterns, might be geography, climate, long-distance seedling transport, inter-regional operations of agricultural machinery, and rotation mode. It reminds human beings of the necessity to be vigilant about preventing nematode disease according to local conditions all year round.
摘要：
The most important physiological processes in insects are those related to reproduction and development. Ecdysone is an essential hormone in insects that controls various physiological processes, including reproduction and development. E74A, a subtype of the essential ecdysone-induced transcription factor E74, affects the reproductive systems of many insects. Uncertainty exists regarding the molecular mechanism of E74A in non-model insect reproduction processes. Using bioinformatics analysis, we determined that Chilo suppressalis E74A shared the highest homology with E74 in Ostrinia furnacalis which belongs to the ETS superfamily. By characterizing the spatiotemporal expression profile of CsE74A from different developmental stages and tissues, we found that CsE74A expression levels were highest in female pupae on the 4th day and in the head of female pupa. Knockdown of CsE74A resulted in delayed oocyte maturation and reduced yolk deposition. Additionally, the expression level of vitellogenin (Vg), beta FTZ-F1, and E93, which are associated with vitellogenesis and the ecdysone pathway, were also downregulated in the E74A silencing group. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that CsE74A not only plays a critical role in the reproductive processes of C. suppressalis but may also participate in the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in the ecdysone pathway.
摘要：
Biofertilizers have immense potential for enhancing agricultural productivity. However, there is still a need for clarification regarding the specific mechanisms through which these biofertilizers improve soil properties and stimulate plant growth. In this research, a bacterial agent was utilized to enhance plant growth and investigate the microbial modulation mechanism of soil nutrient turnover using metagenomic technology. The results demonstrated a significant increase in soil fast-acting nitrogen (by 46.7%) and fast-acting phosphorus (by 88.6%) upon application of the bacterial agent. This finding suggests that stimulated soil microbes contribute to enhanced nutrient transformation, ultimately leading to improved plant growth. Furthermore, the application of the bacterial agent had a notable impact on the accumulation of key genes involved in nitrogen cycling. Notably, it enhanced nitrification genes (amo, hao, and nar), while denitrification genes (nir and nor) showed a slight decrease. This indicates that ammonium oxidation may be the primary pathway for increasing fast-acting nitrogen in soils. Additionally, the bacterial agent influenced the composition and functional structure of the soil microbial community. Moreover, the metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) obtained from the soil microbial communities exhibited complementary metabolic processes, suggesting mutual nutrient exchange. These MAGs contained widely distributed and highly abundant genes encoding plant growth promotion (PGP) traits. These findings emphasize how soil microbial communities can enhance vegetation growth by increasing nutrient availability and regulating plant hormone production. This effect can be further enhanced by introducing inoculated microbial agents. In conclusion, this study provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of biofertilizers on soil properties and plant growth. The significant increase in nutrient availability, modulation of key genes involved in nitrogen cycling, and the presence of MAGs encoding PGP traits highlight the potential of biofertilizers to improve agricultural practices. These findings have important implications for enhancing agricultural sustainability and productivity, with positive societal and environmental impacts.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY,2023年116(2):574-583 ISSN：0022-0493
通讯作者：
Xuguo Zhou<&wdkj&>Xianhong Zhang
作者机构：
[Lu, Junjiao; Ren, Meifeng; Dong, Jinming; Li, Daqi; Yang, Jing; Zhang, Xianhong] Shanxi Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Taiyuan, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Xuguo] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Niu, Yanbing] Shanxi Agr Univ, Coll Life Sci, Taigu, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Yuying] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY USA.
通讯机构：
[Xuguo Zhou] D;[Xianhong Zhang] C;Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA <&wdkj&>College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
摘要：
The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), a seasonal migrant and a prolific generalist, can feed on nearly all vegetables and grain crops, causing considerable economic impacts on a global scale. Given its cryptic nature, A. ipsilon management has been extremely challenging. Chitin synthase (CHS), a key enzyme involved in chitin biosynthetic pathway and crucially important for the growth and development of insects, is the molecular target of chitin synthesis inhibitors, a group of broad-spectrum insecticides that is compatible with Integrated Pest Management practices. In this study, we investigated the potential of targeting chitin synthases to control A. ipsilon. As a result, two chitin synthases, AiCHS1 and AiCHS2, were identified and cloned from A. ipsilon. The temporal-spatial distribution study showed that AiCHS1 was predominantly expressed at the pupal stage and most abundant among tissues of head capsule and integument, while AiCHS2 was mainly expressed at the sixth instar larval stage and tissues of foregut and midgut. RNAi-based functional study confirmed gene silencing caused significant reduction in the expression levels of the corresponding mRNA, as well as resulted in abnormal pupation and mortality, respectively. Furthermore, under the treatment of lufenuron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, A. ipsilon responded with an elevated expression in AiCHS1 and AiCHS2, while larvae showed difficulty in shedding old cuticle, and a cumulative mortality of 69.24% at 48 h. In summary, chitin synthases are crucial for chitin biosynthesis in A. ipsilon and can be targeted for the control (e.g., RNAi-based biopesticides) of this devastating insect pest.
作者机构：
[Bao, Jie; Liang, Shaohui; Gao, Yong] Hebei Chest Hosp, Dept Resp, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, Peoples R China.;[Dai, Erhei; Gao, Huixia] Hebei Med Univ, Hosp Shijiazhuang 5, Dept Lab Med, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, Peoples R China.;[He, Tongxin] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Li] Hebei Med Univ, Hosp Shijiazhuang 5, Intens Care Unit, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Xin; Wang, Yuling; Wang, YL] Hebei Med Univ, Hosp Shijiazhuang 5, Dept TB, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, YL ; Dai, ER ] H;Hebei Med Univ, Hosp Shijiazhuang 5, Dept Lab Med, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, Peoples R China.;Hebei Med Univ, Hosp Shijiazhuang 5, Dept TB, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, Peoples R China.;Hebei Med Univ, Grad Sch, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
COVID-19;Multiple sclerosis;SUMF1;rs794185
摘要：
Evidence shows that genetic factors play important roles in the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Sulfatase modifying factor 1 (SUMF1) gene is involved in alveolar damage and systemic inflammatory response. Therefore, we speculate that it may play a key role in COVID-19. We found that rs794185 was significantly associated with COVID-19 severity in Chinese population, under the additive model after adjusting for gender and age (for C allele = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.44–0.88, P = 0.0073, logistic regression). And this association was consistent with this in European population Genetics Of Mortality In Critical Care (GenOMICC: OR for C allele = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.90–0.98, P = 0.0037). Additionally, we also revealed a remarkable association between rs794185 and the prothrombin activity (PTA) in subjects (P = 0.015, Generalized Linear Model). In conclusion, our study for the first time identified that rs794185 in SUMF1 gene was associated with the severity of COVID-19.
