通讯机构：
[Zehe Song] C;College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
摘要：
Simple Summary The aim of this study was to explore the genetic resources of the Huitang duck (HT) in Hunan Province, China, and investigate its population structure and genetic potential through comparative analysis with various duck populations. The results showed that HT belonged to the versatile duck breed, exhibiting significant phenotypic and genetic differences compared to other duck breeds in Hunan Province. The inspection of genomic selective signals in their genome showed that selected candidate genes were involved in the growth and development of skeletal muscle and ovary. These findings provide valuable information for future breeding programs and genetic preservation of HT.Abstract The Huitang duck (HT), a long-domesticated elite local breed from Hunan Province, China, with excellent meat quality, has not had its population genetic structure and genomic selective sweeps extensively studied to date. This study measured the phenotypic characteristics of HT and conducted comparative analysis between HT and 16 different duck breeds, including wild, indigenous, and meat breeds, to characterize its population structure and genetic potential. The results revealed that HT is a dual-purpose indigenous breed with a genetic background closely related to the Youxian sheldrake and Linwu ducks. In the selective sweep analysis between HT and Linwu ducks, genes such as PLCG2, FN1, and IGF2BP2, which are associated with muscle growth and development, were identified near the 27 selection signals. The comparison between HT and Jinding ducks revealed 68 selective signals that contained important genes associated with ovarian development (GRIK4, MAP3K8, and TGIF1) and egg-laying behaviors (ERBB4). Selective sweep analysis between HT and Youxian sheldrake ducks found 93 selective regions covering genes related to both meat (IGF1R and IGFBP5) and egg-production (FOXO3 and ITPR1) traits. Our study may provide novel knowledge for exploring the population structure and genetic potential of HT, offering a theoretical basis for its breeding strategies in the future.
期刊：
British Poultry Science,2024年65(5):582-594 ISSN：0007-1668
通讯作者：
Song, Z
作者机构：
[Song, Z; Zuo, G.; He, X.; Song, Z.; Ma, M.; Li, L.] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zuo, G.; He, X.; Song, Z.; Ma, M.; Li, L.] Hunan Engn Res Ctr Poultry Prod Safety, R&D Dept, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zuo, G.] Beijing Deyuanshun Biotechnol Co Ltd, Tech R&D Dept, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Chen, J.; Xiao, J.] Hunan Xiang Jia Husb Ltd Share Ltd, Tech R&D Dept, Changde, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Song, Z ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Mn sources;bone;genetics;meat;performance
摘要：
1. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of manganese (Mn) amino acid complexes on growth performance, Mn deposition, meat quality, breast muscle and bone development of broilers.2. A total of 504, one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into seven treatments; control diet (CON; basal diet, no extra Mn addition), manganese diet (MnN as Numine®-Mn; CON + 40, 80, 120 or 160 mg Mn/kg), manganese-S group (MnS; CON + 120 mg Mn/kg as MnSO4·H2O), manganese-A diet (MnA as Mn from hydrolysed feather meal; CON + 40 mg Mn/kg as MnA).3. There were no significant differences for average daily gain (ADG) or feed intake (ADFI) among diets during the feed phases (p > 0.05). The FCR in the starter and over the whole period were quadratically affected by dietary MnN dosage and gave the lowest FCR at 80 mg/kg (p < 0.05). The Mn content of thigh muscle, jejunum, heart, pancreas, liver and tibia increased linearly with MnN addition (p < 0.05).4. For meat quality, MnN significantly increased colour (a*), pH(45 min) and pH(24 h), reduced shear force, drip loss and pressure loss of breast muscle (p < 0.05).5. Moreover, MnN significantly upregulated MYOD expression at d 21 and SOD expression at d 42, decreased MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 mRNA level at d 42 in breast muscle. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the regulating effect of MnN on muscle development significantly enriched signalling pathways such as adhesion, ECM-receptor, MAPK, mTOR and AMPK. Furthermore, dietary MnN significantly affected tibia length and growth plate development (p < 0.05) and promoted growth plate chondrocytes by increasing SOX-9, Runx-2, Mef2c, TGF-β, Ihh, Bcl-2 and Beclin1 and decreasing Bax and Caspase-3 (p < 0.05) expression which affect longitudinal tibial development.6. In conclusion, Mn amino acid complexes could improve growth performance, tissue Mn deposition, breast muscle development, meat quality and bone development.
关键词：
Chicken;Metabolome;Single-cell transcriptome;Wooden breast
摘要：
Accompanied by the accelerated growth rate of chickens, the quality of chicken meat has deteriorated in recent years. Wooden breast (WB) is a severe myopathy affecting meat quality, and its pathophysiology depends on gene expression and intercellular interactions of various cell types, which are not yet fully understood. We have performed a comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic atlas of chicken WB muscle. Our data showed a significant increase in the number of immune cells, WB muscle displayed a unique cluster of macrophages (cluster 11), distinct from the M1 and M2 macrophages. Regarding the myocytes, the most significant differences were the decrease in cell number and the intensification of fatty deposits. Satellite cells were involved in muscle repair and regeneration producing more collagen. Interestingly, the interaction network in the WB group was weaker compared to that in normal breast muscle. Additionally, we found six key differential metabolites across 22 pathways. When WB occurs, myocytes and endothelial cells undergo apoptosis, macrophages are activated and exert immune functions, satellite cells participate in muscle rebuilding and repair, and the content of metabolites undergoes significant changes. This cell transcriptome profile provides an essential reference for future studies on the development and remodeling of WB.
摘要：
In this study, the discrete element software EDEM was applied to establish a simulation model of non-uniform-sized particle units for Broussonetia papyrifera stalks, which aimed to address the low utilization rate of existing Broussonetia papyrifera harvesting machinery, the significant variation between the simulated model of Broussonetia papyrifera stalks and their actual appearance, as well as the absence of contact parameter calibration. Through a combination of the free-fall collision method, inclined plane sliding method, and inclined plane rolling method, numerical simulation was conducted to analyze the pattern of variations in contact parameters between Broussonetia papyrifera stalks and the steel material of the machinery. Accordingly, these parameters were calibrated. The results showed that the coefficient of restitution between Broussonetia papyrifera stalks and steel materials was 0.321, the static friction factor was 0.589, and the rolling friction factor was 0.078. With the parameters of contact between Broussonetia papyrifera stalks as variables and the experimentally measured pile angle as the objective of optimization, the steepest ascent experiment and the three-factor five-level rotation combination experiment were conducted. In this way, a second-order response model was constructed to analyze the relationship between the contact parameters and the pile angle. Through the optimization analysis of experimental data, it was determined that the coefficient of restitution between Broussonetia papyrifera stalks was 0.21, the static friction factor was 0.24, and the rolling friction factor was 0.03. Furthermore, the calibration results were validated through experimentation to show that the relative error between the obtained pile angle under the context of optimal parameter combination and the actual one was 4.11%. In addition, the relative error of mass flow rate in spiral transport was within a reasonable range, this study lays a foundation both theoretically and statistically for the simulation of contact parameters for Broussonetia papyrifera stalk harvesting processing, mechanical harvesting, and so on.
通讯机构：
[Tang, BC ] 1;[He, X ] H;[Jiang, ZJ ] N;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;NingboTech Univ, Sch Biol & Chem Engn, Ningbo 315100, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Polydopamine;magnolol;Ulcerative colitis
摘要：
This study designed and developed a novel three-layer electrostatic, slow-releasing nanoparticle drug delivery system for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. The nanoparticles were composed of layers of zein-based polydopamine, chitosan and cellulose acetate phthalate to form a polyelectrolyte multilayer core-shell nanoparticle structure. The anti-inflammatory natural product magnolol was chosen to be the model drug for the study. The nanoparticles (260.50 +/- 23.90 nm) were prepared with layer-by-layer coating and then assessed in vitro and in vivo using a mouse model of ulcerative colitis. The in vitro data confirmed the slow-releasing and pH-dependent characteristics of particles. Quantitative analysis of the in vivo distribution of Mag in mice showed significantly higher concentrations in colonic tissue than in the upper gastrointestinal tract (854.6 ng/g vs 291.5-351.1 ng/g, respectively). Histological and pro-inflammatory cytokine analysis indicated that the nanoparticles had a significant anti-inflammatory effect and were protective against DSS-induced structural damage of the colonic mucosal structure. These results confirm that this nano-delivery system could increase the levels of Mag reaching the colon, resulting in greater efficacy than free Mag in treating UC in this mouse model.
通讯机构：
[Song, ZH ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci, Changsha, Peoples R China.;Hunan Engn Res Ctr Poultry Prod Safety, Changsha, Peoples R China.;Minist Educ, Engn Res Ctr Feed Safety & Efficient Use, Changsha, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Eimeria tenella;anticoccidial activity;broiler chickens;growth performance;water-soluble extract of rosemary
摘要：
This study was conducted to explore the effect of dietary supplementation of water-soluble extract of rosemary (WER) on growth performance and intestinal health of broilers infected with Eimeria tenella (E. tenella), and evaluate the anticoccidial activity of WER. 360 1-d-old Chinese indigenous male yellow-feathered broiler chickens were randomly allocated to six groups: blank control (BC) group and infected control (IC) group received a basal diet; positive control (PC) group, received a basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg diclazuril; WER100, WER200, and WER300 groups received a basal diet containing 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg WER, respectively. On day 21, all birds in the infected groups (IC, PC, WER100, WER200, and WER300) were orally gavaged with 1 mL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) of 8 × 104 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella, and birds in the BC group were administrated an aliquot of PBS dilution. The results showed that dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg WER increased the average daily gain of broilers compared to the IC group from days 22 to 29 (P < 0.001). The anticoccidial index values of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg WER were 137.49, 157.41, and 144.22, respectively, which indicated that WER exhibited moderate anticoccidial activity. Compared to the IC group, the groups supplemented with WER (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) significantly lowered fecal oocyst output (P < 0.001) and cecal coccidia oocysts, alleviated intestinal damage and maintained the integrity of intestinal epithelium. Dietary supplementation with WER significantly improved antioxidant capacity, elevated the levels of secretory immunoglobulin A, and diminished inflammation within the cecum, particularly at a dosage of 200 mg/kg. The results of this study indicated that dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg WER could improve broiler growth performance and alleviate intestinal damage caused by coccidiosis.
Avian coccidiosis, a prevalent parasitic disease caused by Eimeria protozoa, leads to significant economic losses in the global poultry industry. Currently, the control of coccidiosis in chickens primarily relies on chemical and ionophore anticoccidials. However, the long-term use of these compounds has resulted in the development of drug-resistant strains, presenting a critical challenge. Additionally, the toxic and side effects of ionophore anticoccidials have become increasingly apparent. Thus, there is an urgent need to find economical and environmentally friendly measures to control coccidiosis in chickens. In this study, we established a model of Eimeria tenella infection in broilers to explore whether the water-soluble extract of rosemary (WER) could serve as an alternative method for controlling avian coccidiosis. Our results showed that dietary supplementation with WER (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) had a beneficial anticoccidial effect, alleviating intestinal damage caused by coccidiosis by enhancing the intestinal antioxidant defense and activating the immune function of the infected broilers. Specifically, dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg WER emerged as a promising strategy for controlling avian coccidiosis in the poultry industry.
期刊：
Animal Research and One Health,2024年2(3):285-299 ISSN：2835-5075
通讯作者：
Haihan Zhang
作者机构：
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China;Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China;Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, China;Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Quality Livestock and Poultry Production of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China;[Huichao Liu; Zehe Song; Xi He; Haihan Zhang] College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Quality Livestock and Poultry Production of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
通讯机构：
[Haihan Zhang] C;College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Quality Livestock and Poultry Production of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
关键词：
chicken embryo;ferroptosis;in ovo feeding;iron homeostasis;yolk sac
摘要：
The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of iron homeostasis and the ferroptosis pathway for yolk sac atrophy during late embryogenesis. To study the mechanism of yolk sac atrophy, 100 eggs were used. Further, 500 eggs were randomly divided into five treatments and in ovo feeding with different iron sources, such as FeSO4, ferrous glycinate (Fe-Gly), or deferoxamine (DFO), to study the effects of free iron content on hatching quality and embryonic development. The results showed that total iron content of yolk decreased, but yolk sac increased from embryonic(E)13 to E19 (p < 0.05). Comparison of gene expression of iron transport systems showed that free iron accumulation and dysfunction occurred in the yolk sac. Yolk sac metabolites at E19 compared to E13 were more enriched in histidine and sulfur pathways, suppressing glutathione synthesis and resulting in oxidative stress damage in the yolk sac. Combined analysis of differential metabolites and gene expression in ferroptosis pathway at E13 and E19 revealed the activation of the yolk sac during late embryogenesis was probably through up-regulation of ACSL4 expression and down-regulation of GPX4 expression. Furthermore, in ovo feeding FeSO4 shortened the incubation time compared to CON, while Fe-Gly or DFO delayed the hatching peak and increased hatching weight with less residual yolk. Collectively, it can be concluded that yolk sac atrophy during late embryogenesis may be mediated by iron disorders and provides a novel insight to modulate yolk sac nutrition, and hatching efficiency in chickens.
期刊：
The Journal of nutrition,2024年154(12):3554-3565
作者机构：
[Cao, Ke-Xin; Deng, Zhang-Chao; Li, Shi-Jun] State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China;[Yi, Dan] Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China;[He, Xi] College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China;[Yang, Xiao-Jun] College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China;[Guo, Yu-Ming] State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: guoyum@cau.edu.cn
摘要：
Poultry, a vital economic animal, provide a high-quality protein source for human nutrition. Over the past decade, the poultry industry has witnessed substantial achievements in breeding, precision feeding, and welfare farming. However, there are still many challenges restricting the sustainable development of the poultry industry. First, overly focused breeding strategies on production performance have been shown to induce metabolic diseases in poultry. Second, a lack of robust methods for assessing the nutritional requirements poses a challenge to the practical implementation of precision feeding. Third, antibiotic alternatives and feed safety management remain pressing concerns within the poultry industry. Lastly, environmental pollution and inadequate welfare management in farming have a negative effect on poultry health. Despite numerous proposed strategies and innovative approaches, each faces its own set of strengths and limitations. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the poultry industry over the past decade, by examining its achievements, challenges, and strategies, to guide its future direction.
通讯机构：
[Li, R ] C;[He, X ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Engn Res Ctr Poultry Prod Safety, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Bile acid metabolism;Cecal microbiota;Laying hen;Lipid metabolism;Lipoproteins;Silymarin
摘要：
Liver lipid dysregulation is one of the major factors in the decline of production performance in late-stage laying hens. Silymarin (SIL), a natural flavonolignan extracted from milk thistle, is known for its hepatoprotective and lipid-lowering properties in humans. This study evaluates whether SIL can provide similar benefits to late-stage laying hens. A total of 480 68-week-old Lohmann Pink laying hens were randomly assigned into 5 groups, each group consisting of 6 replicates with 16 hens each. The birds received a basal diet either without silymarin (control) or supplemented with silymarin at concentrations of 250, 500, 750, or 1,000 mg/kg (SIL250, SIL500, SIL750, SIL1000) over a 12-week period. The CON group exhibited a significant decline in laying rates from weeks 9 to 12 compared to the initial 4 weeks (P = 0.042), while SIL supplementation maintained consistent laying rates throughout the study (P > 0.05). Notably, the SIL500 and SIL750 groups showed higher average egg weight than the CON group during weeks 5 to 8 (P = 0.049). The SIL750 group had a significantly higher average daily feed intake across the study period (P < 0.05), and the SIL500 group saw a marked decrease in the feed-to-egg ratio from weeks 5 to 8 (P = 0.003). Furthermore, the SIL500 group demonstrated significant reductions in serum ALT and AST levels (P < 0.05) and a significant decrease in serum triglycerides and total cholesterol at week 12 with increasing doses of SIL (P < 0.05). SIL also positively influenced liver enzyme expression (FASN, ACC, Apo-VLDL II, FXR, and CYP7A1; P < 0.05) and altered the cecal microbiota composition, enhancing species linked to secondary bile acid synthesis. Targeted metabolomics identified 9 metabolites predominantly involved in thiamin metabolism that were significantly different in the SIL groups (P < 0.05). Our study demonstrated that dietary SIL supplementation could ameliorate egg production rate in late stage laying hens, mechanistically, this effect was via improving hepatic lipid metabolism and cecal microbiota function to achieve. Revealed the potentially of SIL as a feed supplementation to regulate hepatic lipid metabolism dysregulation. Overall, dietary 500 mg/kg SIL had the best effects.
关键词：
Newborn piglets;Ig G transport;neonatal Fc receptor;NF-κB signaling pathway;Flora colonization
摘要：
<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>The passive immunity of newborn piglets is mainly derived from immunoglobulin G (IgG) in breast milk, and the incomplete transfer of passive immune is considered to be an important cause of piglet death. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of early intestinal flora colonization on IgG uptake and its possible mechanism.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>The newborn piglets and IPEC-J2 cells were used to investigate the possible factors and regulatory mechanisms affecting intestinal IgG uptake. <jats:italic>In vivo</jats:italic>, all 40 piglets were euthanized on postnatal d 0, 1, 3, and 7, with 10 piglets per time. The blood sample, gastric contents, jejunal contents and mucosa were collected for analysis. <jats:italic>In vitro</jats:italic>, IPEC-J2 cells transwell culture system was used to establish the IgG transporter model to explore the specific regulatory mechanism of IgG transport.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Our results demonstrated that the intestinal IgG uptake was positively correlated with the expression of Neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). With the increase of age, the intestinal flora of newborn piglets was gradually enriched. The function of intestinal genes also changes with the colonization of intestinal flora. We found that the expression trend of TLR2, TLR4 and NF-κB (P65) in intestine was consistent with that of FcRn. Furthermore, the <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> results demonstrate that the NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in regulating FcRn-mediated IgG transmembrane transport.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion</jats:title><jats:p>Early flora colonization affects intestinal IgG uptake in piglets, which may be mediated by NF-κB-FcRn pathway.</jats:p></jats:sec>
摘要：
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of magnolol on the oxidative parameters and jejunum injury induced by diquat in broiler chickens. This test adopts a 2× 2 factors design, a total of 288 one‐day‐old male AA broiler chicks randomly allocated to four groups, consisting of six replicates of 12 birds each, which was then denoted as CON group, diquat (DIQ) group (16 mg/kg BW diquat was injected into birds at the age of 21 days), magnolol (MAG) group (basic bird diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg magnolol), and MAG + DIQ group. At 21 days of age, broilers in the DIQ group and the MAG + DIQ group were intraperitoneally injected with 16 mg/kg BW diquat. Results showed that diet supplementing with MAG could alleviate the decrease of ADG to a certain extent after exposure to DIQ. Addition of magnolol to the diet alleviated the decrease of ADG during injection, antioxidant enzymes, and gene expression and increased the markers of oxidative damage induced by diquat induction. Magnolol supplement reversed the increase of apoptotic cells in the diquat‐induced chicken jejunum. RNA sequencing showed that PI3K–Akt, calcium, and NF‐kappa B signaling pathways were the main enrichment pathways between the DIQ group and the MAG + DIQ group. Our findings revealed that magnolol may improve antioxidant enzyme activity and expression of related genes through the PI3K–Akt pathway to alleviate oxidative stress.</jats:p>
关键词：
Gut Microbiota;antibiotic;Toll like receptor;IgG transport;IgG absorption
摘要：
<jats:p>Maternal antibody IgG, the main antibody in colostrum, plays an important role in neonates protection. Commensal microbiota is closely related to host antibody repertoire. However, there are few reports on how maternal gut microbiota affects maternal antibody IgG transfer. In the present study, we investigated the effects of altering the gut microbiota (treated with antibiotics during pregnancy) on maternal IgG transportation and offspring absorption and explored its underlying mechanisms. Results showed that antibiotic treatment during pregnancy significantly decreased maternal cecal microbial richness (Chao1 and Obesrved species) and diversity (Shannon and Simpson). Plasma metabolome enriched significant changes in the process of bile acid secretion pathway, and the concentration of deoxycholic acid, a secondary metabolite of microorganisms was lowered. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that antibiotic treatment promoted the number of B cells and abated the number of T, DC and M1 cells in intestinal lamina propria of dams. Surprisingly, the serum IgG level in antibiotic treated dams was significantly increased, while IgG contents in colostrum was decreased. Moreover, pregnancy antibiotic treatment in dams was reduced the expression of FcRn, TLR4 and TLR2 in breast of dams and in duodenum and jejunum of neonates. Furthermore, TLR4<jats:sup>−/−</jats:sup> and TLR2<jats:sup>−/−</jats:sup> knock-out mice showed a lower FcRn expression in breast of dams and in duodenum and jejunum of neonates. These findings suggest that maternal intestine bacteria may affect the maternal IgG transfer through regulating the breast TLR4 and TLR2 of dams.</jats:p>
通讯机构：
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Engineering Research Center for Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Livestock and Poultry safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
