作者机构：
[Jiajun Mao; Mingyao Yao; Li Liao; Bingqian Zhou; Dongfang Zhao; Xuepeng Wu; Junjie Wu; Bo Hong; Tao Chang; Hu Chen] College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;[Jiajun Mao; Mingyao Yao; Li Liao; Bingqian Zhou; Dongfang Zhao; Xuepeng Wu; Junjie Wu; Bo Hong; Tao Chang; Hu Chen] Hunan Branch of National Oilseed Crops Improvement Center, Changsha, 410128, China;[Chunyun Guan] College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China. Guanmei@hunau.edu.cn;[Chunyun Guan] Hunan Branch of National Oilseed Crops Improvement Center, Changsha, 410128, China. Guanmei@hunau.edu.cn;[Chunyun Guan] Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, 410128, China. Guanmei@hunau.edu.cn
通讯机构：
[Chunyun Guan; Mei Guan] C;College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Branch of National Oilseed Crops Improvement Center, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Branch of National Oilseed Crops Improvement Center, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, China
摘要：
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a major oilseed crop in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. However, it is susceptible to waterlogging stress. This study aimed to investigate the physiological characteristics, cellular changes, and gene expression patterns of rapeseed under waterlogging stress, with the goal of providing a foundation for breeding waterlogging-tolerant rapeseed. The results revealed that waterlogging-tolerant rapeseed exhibited higher levels of soluble sugars and antioxidant enzyme activity, particularly in the roots. Conversely, waterlogging-sensitive rapeseed displayed greater changes in malondialdehyde, proline, and hydrogen peroxide levels. Cellular observations showed that after experiencing waterlogging stress, the intercellular space of rapeseed leaf cells expanded, leading to disintegration of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Moreover, the area of the root xylem increased, the number of vessels grew, and there were signs of mitochondrial disintegration and vacuole shrinkage, with more pronounced changes observed in waterlogging-sensitive rapeseed. Furthermore, significant differences were found in the transcription levels of genes related to anaerobic respiration and flavonoid biosynthesis, and different varieties demonstrated varied responses to waterlogging stress. In conclusion, there are differences in the response of different varieties to waterlogging stress at the levels of morphology, physiological characteristics, cell structure, and gene transcription. Waterlogging-tolerant rapeseed responds to waterlogging stress by regulating its antioxidant defense system. This study provides valuable insights for the development of waterlogging-tolerant rapeseed varieties.
摘要：
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a globally significant overwintering oilseed crop. Polyamine oxidase (PAO), an evolutionarily conserved family of FAD-binding proteins, plays crucial roles in plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stress. However, there is a scarcity of systematic identification and functional analysis of the PAO gene family in rapeseed. In this study, we identified 8, 7, 9, 16, 14 and 13 PAO genes in the genomes of B. rapa, B. nigra, B. oleracea, B. napus, B. juncea and B. carinata, respectively, which can be categorized into three subgroups: PAO1, PAO2/3/4, and PAO5. Molecular evolutionary analyses revealed a high conservation of PAO genes in Brassicaceae plants. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analyses demonstrated the different expression patterns of different subgroups of BnaPAO genes in various tissues and under different treatments in rapeseed. Remarkably, among those PAO genes, only BnaPAO1 genes (BnaA.PAO1.a and BnaC.PAO1.a) were strongly induced by freezing stress. Further analysis confirmed that overexpression of BnaC.PAO1.a significantly improved the freezing tolerance of rapeseed by scavenging ROS. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the biological functions of PAO genes in response to freezing stress in rapeseed.
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a globally significant overwintering oilseed crop. Polyamine oxidase (PAO), an evolutionarily conserved family of FAD-binding proteins, plays crucial roles in plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stress. However, there is a scarcity of systematic identification and functional analysis of the PAO gene family in rapeseed. In this study, we identified 8, 7, 9, 16, 14 and 13 PAO genes in the genomes of B. rapa, B. nigra, B. oleracea, B. napus, B. juncea and B. carinata, respectively, which can be categorized into three subgroups: PAO1, PAO2/3/4, and PAO5. Molecular evolutionary analyses revealed a high conservation of PAO genes in Brassicaceae plants. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analyses demonstrated the different expression patterns of different subgroups of BnaPAO genes in various tissues and under different treatments in rapeseed. Remarkably, among those PAO genes, only BnaPAO1 genes (BnaA.PAO1.a and BnaC.PAO1.a) were strongly induced by freezing stress. Further analysis confirmed that overexpression of BnaC.PAO1.a significantly improved the freezing tolerance of rapeseed by scavenging ROS. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the biological functions of PAO genes in response to freezing stress in rapeseed.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Freezing stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that causes extensive damage to plants. LEA (Late embryogenesis abundant) proteins play a crucial role in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress. However, there is limited research on the function of LEA genes in low-temperature stress in Brassica napus (rapeseed). RESULTS: Total 306 potential LEA genes were identified in B. rapa (79), B. oleracea (79) and B. napus (148) and divided into eight subgroups. LEA genes of the same subgroup had similar gene structures and predicted subcellular locations. Cis-regulatory elements analysis showed that the promoters of BnaLEA genes rich in cis-regulatory elements related to various abiotic stresses. Additionally, RNA-seq and real-time PCR results indicated that the majority of BnaLEA family members were highly expressed in senescent tissues of rapeseed, especially during late stages of seed maturation, and most BnaLEA genes can be induced by salt and osmotic stress. Interestingly, the BnaA.LEA6.a and BnaC.LEA6.a genes were highly expressed across different vegetative and reproductive organs during different development stages, and showed strong responses to salt, osmotic, and cold stress, particularly freezing stress. Further analysis showed that overexpression of BnaA.LEA6.a increased the freezing tolerance in rapeseed, as evidenced by lower relative electrical leakage and higher survival rates compared to the wild-type (WT) under freezing treatment. CONCLUSION: This study is of great significance for understanding the functions of BnaLEA genes in freezing tolerance in rapeseed and offers an ideal candidate gene (BnaA.LEA6.a) for molecular breeding of freezing-tolerant rapeseed cultivars.
作者机构：
[Guan, Chunyun; Zhang, Yin; Chen, Can; Huang, Huang; Xu, Ying] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Guan, Chunyun; Zhang, Yin; Chen, Can; Huang, Huang] Hunan Engn Res Ctr Rice Field Ecol Planting & Bree, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Li, Zhengyou] Fisheries Res Inst Guizhou Prov, Guiyang 550025, Peoples R China.;[Luo, Jun] Congjiang Agr & Rural Bur Guizhou Prov, Congjiang 557400, Peoples R China.;[Ren, Bo] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Huang Huang] C;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Research Center of Rice Field Ecological Planting and Breeding, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
关键词：
rice-fish-duck symbiosis system;globally important agricultural heritage system;value;technology;challenge;countermeasure
摘要：
<jats:p>The Chinese rice–fish–duck symbiosis system is one of the globally important agricultural heritage systems, with a history of nearly a thousand years. It embodies the wisdom of the Chinese ancestors and has huge comprehensive value, which has extremely important references for the sustainable development of agriculture. The technological core for the rice–fish–duck symbiosis system lies in the selection of rice, fish, and duck varieties and the coupling of agricultural operation time. In the process of modern agriculture, many varieties with high comprehensive benefits have also been applied to the rice–fish–duck system, and the rice–fish–duck model has been further developed. What is worrying is that the transfer of rural labor, the promotion of modern agricultural technology, the low degree of marketization and industrialization, the weakening of cultural awareness, and the change in climate have posed huge threats and challenges to the traditional Chinese rice–fish–duck system. The protection and development of the system are urgently needed. Therefore, we recommend delimiting active protection areas, establishing scientific research bases, improving relevant systems, developing rural tourism markets, and innovating farming technology, which also provide guidance for protecting and developing other agricultural cultural heritages.</jats:p>
通讯机构：
[Chunyun Guan; Mei Guan] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Branch of National Oilseed Crops Improvement Center, Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
<jats:p>High oleic acid oilseed rape is a hot research area in the development of functional oilseed rape. At present, the model of predicting the oleic acid content in rapeseed at the early growth stage based on hyperspectral technology lacks a mechanistic explanation. In this study, based on the data collected at the 5–6 leaf stage of oilseed rape, a one-dimensional linear regression prediction model of the oleic acid content in leaves (x) and the oleic acid content in rapeseed (y) was constructed with the regression equation y = 1.83x + 75.26, and the R2, RMSE, and RPD of the testing set were 0.96, 0.23%, and 4.86, respectively. Then, a support vector regression prediction model of the spectral standard normal transformed feature parameters and the oleic acid content in leaves was constructed, and the R2, RMSE, and RPD of the testing set were 0.74, 0.21%, and 2.01, respectively. Finally, the sensitive parameter transfer model for the prediction of “spectral standard normal transform feature—oleic acid content in leaves—oleic acid content in rapeseed” was validated, and the R2, RMSE, and RPD of the full sample test were 0.71, 0.54%, and 0.54, respectively. The results show that although the accuracy of the prediction model after the introduction of the agronomic parameters was reduced compared with the performance of direct prediction by using spectra, the oleic acid content in oilseed rape leaves, as an important intermediate variable, could better explain the relationship between the reflection spectrum of the leaf and the oleic acid content in rapeseed. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for hyperspectral remote sensing technology in the quality prediction of rapeseed.</jats:p>
通讯机构：
[Guan, CY; Guan, M ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Branch Natl Oilseed Crops Improvement Ctr, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Southern Reg Collaborat Innovat Ctr Grain & Oil Cr, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
cadmium stress;rapeseed;selenium;yield traits;soil bacterial community
摘要：
<jats:p>Cadmium (Cd) stress greatly limits the growth of rapeseed, and selenium is a micronutrient that is essential for rapeseed growth, but whether and how selenium application alleviates Cd-induced inhibition remains poorly understood. The present study investigated the alleviating effects of exogenous selenium on rapeseed growth under cadmium (Cd) stress based on the aspects of agronomic traits and soil bacterial community structure and diversity. The results show that low-selenium treatment increased the rapeseed yield by 20.92% by increasing the number of pods per plant under Cd stress, but such effects were not prominent when the selenium application rate was high. Meanwhile, selenium application significantly reduced the cadmium content by 4.74–26.89% in different organs of rapeseed. Further analysis suggested that the benefits of selenium in alleviating Cd stress might be induced by changes in soil bacterial community structure and diversity. In addition, in the functional metabolism spectrum of rapeseed microorganisms treated with selenium, there were 5 primary metabolic pathways with significant differences, and there were 32 and 169 pathways for secondary and tertiary metabolic pathways, respectively. Therefore, selenium treatment in rapeseed soil can alter the composition and metabolic function spectrum of soil microbial communities, ultimately affecting plant growth and Cd tolerance.</jats:p>
通讯机构：
[Guan, M ] H;Hunan Branch Natl Oilseed Crops Improvement Ctr, Changsha, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Changsha, Peoples R China.;Southern Reg Collaborat Innovat Ctr Grain & Oil Cr, Changsha, Peoples R China.
摘要：
<jats:p>Cytoplasmic male sterile system (CMS) is one of the important methods for the utilization of heterosisin <jats:italic>Brassica napus</jats:italic>. The involvement of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in anther and pollen development in <jats:italic>B</jats:italic>.<jats:italic>napus</jats:italic> has been recognized, but there is little data on the involvement of lncRNAs in pollen abortion in different types of rapeseed CMS. The present study compared the cytological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of <jats:italic>Nsa</jats:italic> CMS (1258A) and <jats:italic>Pol</jats:italic> CMS (P5A) during pollen abortion, and high-throughput sequencing of flower buds of different sizes before and after pollen abortion. The results showed that insufficient energy supply was an important physiological basis for 1258A and P5A pollen abortion, and 1258A had excessive ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation in the stage of pollen abortion. Functional analysis showed that Starch and sucrose metabolism and Sulfur metabolism were significantly enriched before and after pollen abortion in 1258A and P5A, and a large number of genes were down-regulated. In 1258A, 227 lncRNAs had <jats:italic>cis</jats:italic>-targeting regulation, and 240 <jats:italic>cis</jats:italic>-target genes of the lncRNAs were identified. In P5A, 116 lncRNAs had <jats:italic>cis</jats:italic>-targeting regulation, and 101 <jats:italic>cis-</jats:italic>target genes of the lncRNAs were identified. There were five lncRNAs <jats:italic>cis-</jats:italic>target genes in 1258A and P5A during pollen abortion, and <jats:italic>LOC106445716</jats:italic> encodes β-D-glucopyranosyl abscisate β-glucosidase and could regulate pollen abortion. Taken together, this study, provides a new perspective for lncRNAs to participate in the regulation of <jats:italic>Nsa</jats:italic> CMS and <jats:italic>Pol</jats:italic> CMS pollen abortion.</jats:p>
通讯机构：
[Chunyun Guan; Mei Guan] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Branch of National Oilseed Crops Improvement Center, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
The overuse of chemical fertilizers has caused various ecological problems in China, necessitating the development of organic alternative fertilizers. There are few studies on the rapidly emerging organic fertilizer rapeseed green manure, despite the importance of understanding its decomposition efficiency and impact on soil. In this study, using plant residue from 14 rapeseed cultivars, we examined the 30-day decomposition changes under conditions A and B (150 and 300 g of plant residue returned, respectively) and detected the effects of their decomposition on soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and microorganisms. Under condition B, the 30-day cumulative decomposition and nutrient release rates of rapeseed were higher than those under condition A, and the rapeseed decomposition rate exceeded 50% under both conditions, which is similar to results in legume green fertilizers. Moreover, the decomposition of rapeseed green manure significantly increased the soil nutrient content and effectively improved the soil bacterial community structure and diversity relative to the original soil, especially under condition B. Thiobacillus, Azotobacter, and Pseudomonas are bacteria that responded to plant decomposition, and the abundance of the three bacterial genera after plant decomposition was significantly correlated with the plant decomposition traits and soil nutrient content. In conclusion, rapeseed green manure has potential to offset the use of chemical fertilizers, promoting sustainable agricultural development, and this study provides a reference for such green fertilization measures.
作者机构：
[Wei Zhao] College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,410128,China;[Wei Zhao] Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan,430062,China;[Lunwen Qian; Mei Guan; Chunyun Guan] 湖南农业大学;[Jun Liu] 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所
通讯机构：
[Wei Zhao; Chunyun Guan] C;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China<&wdkj&>College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
关键词：
Brassica napus;Fatty acid desaturase;Genome;Evolution;Gene family
摘要：
<jats:p>Environmental abiotic stresses limit plant growth, development, and reproduction. This study aims to reveal the response of <jats:italic>Brassica napus</jats:italic> to salt stress. Here, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics analysis were performed on 15 <jats:italic>Brassica napus</jats:italic> leave samples treated with salt at different times. Through functional enrichment analyzing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differential metabolites (DMs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), the key factors that dominate <jats:italic>Brassica napus</jats:italic> response to salt stress were identified. The results showed that the two key hormones responding to salt stress were Abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Salt stress for 24h is an important milestone. <jats:italic>Brassica napus</jats:italic> adjusted multiple pathways at 24h to avoid over-response to salt stress and cause energy consumption. The increased expression in <jats:italic>BnPP2C</jats:italic> is tangible evidence. In response to salt stress, JA and ABA work together to reduce the damage caused by salt stress in <jats:italic>Brassica napus</jats:italic>. The increased expression of all BnJAZs after salt stress highlighted the function of JA that cannot be ignored responding to salt stress. In addition, some metabolites, such as N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, L-Cysteine and L-(+)-Arginine, play a critical role in maintaining the balance of ROS. Proteins like catalase-3, cysteine desulfurase, HSP90 and P450_97A3 were the most critical differential proteins in response to salt stress. These findings of this study provide data support for <jats:italic>Brassica napus</jats:italic> breeding.</jats:p>
