摘要：
As the irreversible products of the non-enzymatic reduction of sugars and the amino groups of proteins or peptides, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are metabolized and excreted via the kidneys. However, if AGEs are not metabolized, they are deposited in the kidneys and bind to AGE receptors (RAGE), which can induce various pathological changes, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. This study used the D-galactose (DG)-induced rat model to explore the potential role and mechanism of L-theanine in inhibiting AGEs/RAGE-related signaling pathways in renal tissues. L-theanine increased the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) while downregulating the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and AGEs in renal tissues induced by DG (P<0.05). By inhibiting the upregulation of RAGE protein expression attributed to AGEs accumulation (P<0.05), L-theanine downregulated phosphorylated nuclear factor (p-NF-κB (p65)), Bax, and cleaved-caspase-3 expression and increased Bcl-2 protein expression (P<0.05), thereby alleviating the oxidative stress damage and reducing the inflammation and cell injury induced by DG. In addition, the Congo red staining section of renal tissue also showed that the natural product L-theanine can protect against AGEs-induced renal damage in DG-induced rat model.
通讯机构：
[Jian-an Huang; Zhong-hua Liu] K;Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China<&wdkj&>National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China<&wdkj&>Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan 410128, PR China
关键词：
Chemical components;Gut microbiota;High-fat diet;Intestinal barrier;Metabolic syndrome;Tea extract
期刊：
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,2022年38(6):1-10 ISSN：0959-3993
通讯作者：
Zeng, JG;Huang, P
作者机构：
[Sun, Mengshan; Zeng, Jianguo; Xu, Zixuan] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Key Lab Tradit Chinese Vet Med, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhong, Xiaohong; Sun, Mengshan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Li] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Hunan Inst Agr Environm & Ecol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Zixuan] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Huang, P; Huang, Peng] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zeng, JG ; Huang, P ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Key Lab Tradit Chinese Vet Med, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Natl & Local Union Engn Res Ctr Vet Herbal Med Re, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, J ; Quan, W] J;[Quan, W ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Jiangnan Univ, State Key Lab Food Sci & Technol, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;Jiangnan Univ, Int Joint Lab Food Safety, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The present study aimed to investigate the metabolic perturbations and health impact of the co-accumulation of Maillard reaction products (MRPs), including acrylamide, harmane, and Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), via serum biochemical and histopathological examinations as well as metabolomic analysis. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with acrylamide (2 mg per kg body weight [bw]), harmane (1 mg per kg bw), CML (2 mg per kg bw), and combinations of these MRPs. Harmane did not cause adverse effects on the health of rats, whereas acrylamide and CML resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) decreased insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR > 1), increased oxidative stress levels, and pathological injuries to the pancreas, liver, and gastrocnemius. Owing to the antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of harmane, the effects of the combination of the MRPs on oxidative stress levels, blood glucose metabolism, and pathological injuries to the pancreas and gastrocnemius were relieved. However, new health problems, including pathological injury of the kidneys and increased cancer risk, were observed. Metabolomic analysis revealed that this may be related to the effects of MRPs on the arginine biosynthesis pathway, which resulted in the abnormal metabolism of fumaric acid and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. These results indicated that the mechanisms of the combined effect of MRPs and their effects on health cannot be predicted from the effects of individual MRPs.
通讯机构：
[Zhonghua Liu; Jianan Huang; Na Tian] D;Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
Tea is the most consumed beverage worldwide, and l-theanine in tea leaves significantly affects their flavor and market quality. We have developed and validated a fast and reliable gas chromatographic method with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) to quantify l-theanine after its extraction from Camellia sinensis (tea plant) and derivatization. The procedure was completed in 40 min, from extraction to chromatographic analysis, with a recovery rate of more than 93% and allowing a high sample throughput. The GC-FID intraday precision was within 0.57-2.28%, while the interday precision ranged from 1.57 to 13.48%. The intraday accuracy ranged from -6.84 to 5.26%, while the interday accuracy ranged from -1.08 to 3.12%. The limit of detection was 2.28 μg/mL, and the limit of quantification was 6.47 μg/mL. The GC-FID method was validated by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV) and was used to investigate the biosynthesis and regulation of l-theanine in tea plants. We found that plants fed with ethylamine significantly increased l-theanine concentrations in roots, while exogenous supplementation of glutamic acid, carbamide, and glutamine did not significantly affect the l-theanine level in roots. Our results also indicated that roots were not indispensable for the biosynthesis of l-theanine, which was detected in undifferentiated embryonic calluses in concentrations (g/100 g dry weight) as high as in leaves of whole plants (1.67 and 1.57%, respectively) and without any exogenous theanine precursor supplementation.
通讯机构：
[Aibo Wu] S;SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
关键词：
Aflatoxins;Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry;Matrix effects;One-step purification;Tea
摘要：
BACKGROUND Bactrocera minax, one of the most important citrus pests, oviposits exclusively on citrus fruit. In the insect olfactory system, odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) facilitate the initial recognition role of host odor molecules. The aim of this study was to characterize the functional OBPs ofB. minaxand identify specific volatile organic compounds in theCitrusgenus as OBP targets. RESULTS BminOBP9(BminGOBP99a), a closely related homolog ofBdorGOBP99a, which reduces the egg-laying behavior ofBactrocera dorsalisthrough silencing technology, was cloned, expressed, and purified. The binding ability of BminOBP9 to 11 citrus volatiles was then examined using fluorescence competition binding assays (FCBA). The results demonstrated that BminOBP9 could bind to all tested citrus volatiles, as could BdorGOBP99a, ZcucGOBP99a, and ZtauGOBP99a. Interestingly, the binding ability of BminOBP9 was the strongest among the four, suggesting that BminOBP9 may have a function in the specific recognition of citrus volatiles. Furthermore, we aligned the above four proteins and found nine distinctive amino acid sites in BminOBP9. To identify the unique binding sites of BminOBP9, we produced the nine mutants using site-directed mutagenesis. Further FCBA showed that the binding ability of the nine mutants to citrus volatiles significantly reduced, and six of them (substitutes S24P, L36F, E53K, N68D, D112A, and S118R) had the weakest binding ability. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that BminOBP9 was the specific protein involved in the perception of citrus host volatiles byB. minax. Moreover, BminOBP9 could prove efficient in screening the candidate odors for pest management.
摘要：
The rice
OsFAH
gene functions identically to that of
Arabidopsis SSCD1
encoding FAH. Loss of
OsFAH
causes rice sterility.
Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) is the last enzyme in the tyrosine (Tyr) degradation pathway that is crucial for animals. By genetic analysis of the mutant of Short-day Sensitive Cell Death 1 gene encoding Arabidopsis FAH, we first found the pathway also plays a critical role in plants (Han et al., Plant Physiol 162:1956–1964, 2013). To further understand the role of the Tyr degradation pathway in plants, we investigated a biological function of the rice FAH. Firstly, the cDNA of rice FAH gene (OsFAH) was cloned and confirmed to be able to rescue the Arabidopsis Short-day Sensitive Cell Death 1 mutant defective in the FAH. Then, we identified the OsFAH T-DNA insertion mutant and generated the OsFAH RNA interference lines, and found that loss of OsFAH results in rice sterility. Furthermore, we analyzed expression of the OsFAH gene in roots, stems, leaves and young panicles at booting stage of rice and found that its transcript level was highest in young panicles and lowest in roots. In addition, the expression analysis of β-glucuronidase driven by OsFAH promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis showed that the OsFAH promoter was highly active in aerial tissues in vegetative stage, and sepals, filaments and stigma in reproductive stage. These results suggested that FAH plays an important role in rice fertility.
摘要：
To understand the mechanism of the color formation of pepper fruit, integrative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome profiles was performed in pepper varieties with 4 different fruit colors. A total of 188 flavonoids were identified, and most of the anthocyanins, flavonols and flavones showed markedly higher abundances in purple variety than in other varieties, which was linked to the high expression of flavonoid synthesis and regulatory genes. Using weighted gene co-expression network analyses, modules related to flavonoid synthesis and candidate genes that regulate flavonoid synthesis and transport were identified. Furthermore, the analysis of 12 carotenoids showed that the content of xanthophylls at 50days after anthesis was significantly different between the four pepper varieties, which was resulted from the differential expressions of genes downstream of the carotenoid pathway. Our results provide new insights into the understanding of the synthesis and accumulation of flavonoids and carotenoids in pepper fruit.
关键词：
Cd distribution;Cd-safe tubers;Phytoremediation;Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
摘要：
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic element that can accumulate in plants and poses a threat to human health through biomagnification. There are differences in Cd levels among different plants tissues. Hence, an optimal crop that possesses low Cd levels in the edible parts but high levels in the inedible parts is urgently needed to simultaneously lower soil-Cd levels in contaminated fields and to produce Cd-safe crops. In this study, we investigated the Cd levels in tubers and other tissues of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) using different experimental approaches, and identified variations in Cd accumulation in different potato cultivars and characterized the Cd-distribution pattern in potato. Our results showed that Cd accumulation in tubers of the tested cultivars varied greatly, and that tuber-Cd levels were much lower than in the stems or leaves. Two-way ANOVA revealed that the tuber-Cd levels in potato are determined by both genotypic differences and the soil-Cd levels of the farmlands. Among the cultivars tested, one cultivar, 'Eshu10', was found to have the lowest tuber-Cd levels but had much higher Cd levels in leaf and stem tissues. Our study shows that the Cd-distribution pattern within potato plants makes it an ideal candidate for the safe production of a staple food that also has the potential to contribute to the remediation of contaminated soils. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Dark tea is a unique fermented tea produced by solid-state fermentation of tea leaves (Camellia sinensis). It includes ripe Pu-erh tea, Fu brick tea, Liupao tea, and other teas. Microbial fermentation is considered to be the key factor controlling the quality of dark tea. It involves a series of reactions that modify the chemical constituents of tea leaves. These chemical conversions during microbial fermentation of dark tea are associated with a variety of functional core microorganisms. Further, Multi-omics approaches have been used to reveal the microbial impact on the conversion of the chemical components in dark tea. In the present review, we provide an overview of the most recent advances in the knowledge of the microbial bioconversion of the chemical components in dark tea, including the chemical composition of dark tea, microbial community composition and dynamics during the fermentation process, and the role of microorganisms in biotransformation of chemical constituents.
期刊：
Molecular Genetics and Genomics,2019年294(1):35-45 ISSN：1617-4615
通讯作者：
Chen, Cuixia
作者机构：
[Chen, Cuixia; Yang, Yinqing; Ge, Chunxia; Jia, Shengfeng] Shandong Agr Univ, State Key Lab Crop Biol, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Cuixia; Yang, Yinqing; Ge, Chunxia; Jia, Shengfeng] Shandong Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China.;[Che, Lu] Shandong Agr Univ, Network Informat Technol Ctr, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China.;[Ai, Xin] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort & Landscape, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yi, Zili] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, Cuixia] S;Shandong Agr Univ, State Key Lab Crop Biol, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China.;Shandong Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Miscanthus is recognized as a promising lignocellulosic crop for the production of bioethanol and bioproducts worldwide. To facilitate the identification of agronomical important traits and establish genetics knowledge, two genetic maps were developed from a controlled interspecific cross between M. floridulus and M. sacchariflorus. A total of 650 SSR markers were mapped in M. floridulus, spanning 19 linkage groups and 2053.31 cM with an average interval of 3.25 cM. The map of M. sacchariflorus comprised 495 SSR markers in 19 linkage groups covering 1684.86 cM with an average interval of 3.54 cM. The estimation on genome length indicated that the genome coverage of parental genetic maps were 93.87% and 89.91%, respectively. Eighty-eight bi-parental common markers were allowed to connect the two maps, and six pairs of syntenic linkage groups were recognized. Furthermore, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of three agronomic traits, namely, plant height (PH), heading time (HT), and flowering time (FT), demonstrated that a total of 66 QTLs were identified in four consecutive years using interval mapping and multiple-QTL model. The LOD value of these QTLs ranged from 2.51 to 10.60, and the phenotypic variation explained varied from 9.50 to 37.10%. QTL cluster in syntenic groups MF19/MS7 contained six stable QTLs associated with PH, HT, and FT. In conclusion, we report for the first time the genetic mapping of biomass traits in M. floridulus and M. sacchariflorus. These results will be a valuable genetic resource, facilitating the discovery of essential genes and breeding of Miscanthus.
摘要：
Purpureocillium lilacinum is a promising commercial agent for controlling plant-parasitic nematodes and plant pathogens. Leucinostatins are a family of lipopeptides produced by P. lilacinum that are synthesized, modified, and regulated by a gene cluster consisting of 20 genes. Sequence analyses have indicated that lcsL, a gene in the lcs cluster, is a putative bZIP transcription factor. In this study, the CRISPR-Cas9 system was introduced to increase the efficiency of homologous recombination for the disruption of lcsL. The expression of genes in the cluster was significantly reduced in lcsL disruption mutants, and the output of leucinostatins was decreased to undetectable levels. In the lcsL overexpression strain, the expression of genes in the cluster and the yield of leucinostatins were all increased. The antagonism of both the wild type and mutant against Phytophthora infestans was also consistent with the gene expression and the output of leucinostatins. These results indicate that the gene lcsL is crucial for the regulating the synthesis of leucinostatins.
