摘要：
Gelsemium elegans (Gardn. & Champ.) Benth is a toxic flowering plant in the family Loganiaceae used to treat skin diseases, neuralgia and acute pain. The high toxicity of G. elegans restricts its development and clinical applications, but in veterinary applications, G. elegans has been fed to pigs as a feed additive without poisoning. However, until now, the in vivo processes of the multiple components of G. elegans have not been studied. This study investigates the excretion, metabolism and tissue distribution of the multiple components of G. elegans after feeding it to pigs in medicated feed. Pigs were fed 2% G. elegans powder in feed for 45 days. The plasma, urine, bile, feces and tissues (heart, liver, lung, spleen, brain, spinal cord, adrenal gland, testis, thigh muscle, abdominal muscle and back muscle) were collected 6 h after the last feeding and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Five natural products in plasma, twelve natural products and five metabolites in urine, and three natural products in feces were characterized, suggesting that multiple components from G. elegans were excreted in the urine. However, ten natural products and four metabolites were detected in bile samples, which suggested that G. elegans is involved in enterohepatic circulation in pigs. A total of seven of these metabolites were characterized, and four metabolites were glucuronidated metabolites. Ten natural products and six metabolites were detected in the tissues, which indicates that G. elegans is widely distributed in tissues and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Among the characterized compounds, a highly toxic gelsedine-type alkaloid from G. elegans was the main compound detected in all biological samples. This is the first study of the excretion, metabolism and tissue distribution of multiple components from G. elegans in pigs. These data can provide an important reference to explain the efficacy and toxicity of G. elegans. Additionally, the results of the tissue distribution of G. elegans are of great value for further residue depletion studies and safety evaluations of products of animals fed G. elegans.
摘要：
This study aims to investigate the effects of lard, vegetables oils and their blend on the growth performance, liver, kidney and heart functions with specific objective to assess the potential health risks for specific human populations. In this study, mice were used as experimental model to simulate the dietary habits of specific human population. For this purpose, a total of 120 five-week old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into eight groups. The experimental treatments were lard group 10% and lard group 15.5% (lard group based diet), RAO group 10% and RAO group 15% (rapeseed oil based diet), L-RAO 10 % and L-RAO 15% (lard and rapeseed oil blend based diet), OLO 10 % and OLO 15% (olive oil based diet). After 15 weeks, the blood, liver tissues, kidney tissues and heart tissues were collected to measure serum and tissues indexes. The results showed that the levels of serum triglyceride, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were the lowest in the L-RAO 10 % and 15 % group. The ratio of HDL-C and LDL-C in the L-RAO 10% group was increased compared to other three groups with 10%. The serum alkaline phosphates level was markedly decreased in the L-RAO group compared to that of the lard 15.5% and RAO 15.5% groups. Compared with the lard group, the serum uric acid levels in the 10% ROA, L-ROA and OLO groups. Meanwhile, the serum lactate dehydrogenase (and alpha hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase levels in the L-RAO group was lowest as compared to other treatments. This study demonstrated that the mixture of lard and rapeseed oil has the effect of reducing weight and 10% blended lard and rapeseed oil may have tendency to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and gout in the body and have potential protective effect on the liver, kidney and heart.
通讯机构：
[Liu, GH; Duan, DY ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Res Ctr Parasites Vectors, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Rhipicephalus microplus;Metagenomics;Midgut;Microbiome;Gene function
摘要：
Ticks, which are ectoparasites of animals, may carry multiple pathogens. The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus is an important bovine parasite in China. However, the midgut microbiome of R. microplus from China has not been characterized via metagenomic methods. Rhipicephalus microplus were collected from cattle in the city of Changsha in Hunan province, China. The DNA of the midgut contents was extracted from fully engorged adult female R. microplus. A DNA library was constructed and sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform. SOAPdenovo software was used to assemble and analyze the clean data. The latent class analysis algorithm applied to system classification by MEGAN software was used to annotate the information on the species’ sequences. DIAMOND software was used to compare unigenes with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, and functional annotation was carried out based on the results of the comparison. The dominant phyla in the five samples were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Streptococcus, Mycobacterium, Anaplasma, Enterococcus, Shigella, Lactobacillus, Brachyspira, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Bacillus, and Lactococcus were the dominant genera in the five samples. The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia was also detected in all of the samples. Mycobacterium malmesburyense, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Enterococcus faecium, Shigella sonnei, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus casei, Brachyspira hampsonii, Pseudomonas syringae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Lactococcus garvieae were the dominant species in the five samples. In addition to these bacterial species, we also detected some eukaryotes, such as Rhizophagus irregularis, Enterospora canceri, Smittium culicis, Zancudomyces culisetae, Trachipleistophora hominis, and viruses such as orf virus, human endogenous retrovirus type W, enzootic nasal tumor virus of goats, bovine retrovirus CH15, and galidia endogenous retrovirus in all of the samples at the species level. The results of the annotated KEGG pathway predictions for the gene functions of the midgut microflora of R. microplus indicated genes involved in lipid and amino acid metabolism, infectious diseases (e.g., Streptococcus pneumonia infection, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, Shigella sonnei infection, Salmonella enterica infection, and pathogenic Escherichia coli infection), and cancer. Our study revealed that the midgut microbiome of R. microplus is not only composed of a large number of bacteria, but that a portion also comprises eukaryotes and viruses. The data presented here enhance our understanding of this tick’s midgut microbiome and provide fundamental information for the control of ticks and tick-borne diseases.
作者：
Deng, Yuan-Ping;Li, Rong;Wang, Hui-Mei;Liu, Guo-Hua;Tu, Ya
期刊：
JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY,2022年54(1) ISSN：0022-300X
作者机构：
[Li, Rong; Deng, Yuan-Ping; Liu, Guo-Hua; Wang, Hui-Mei] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Res Ctr Parasites & Vectors, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Tu, Ya] Beijing Wildlife Rescue & Rehabil Ctr, Beijing 101300, Peoples R China.
关键词：
AT content;Contracaecum;Contracaecum sp;mitochondrial genome;mitogenome
摘要：
Contracaecum species are zooparasitic anisakid nematodes and occur in gastrointestinal tracts of vertebrate/invertebrate animals, including humans, causing gastrointestinal pain, diarrhea, and increasingly severe vomiting. Although the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome (mitogenome) of Contracaecum sp. isolated from night herons in Beijing has been reported, the detailed information about this mt sequence is still puzzling. In the present study, we described the detailed characteristics across the complete mt DNA of Contracaecum sp., which includes 36 genes consisting of 12 protein genes, 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and 2 noncoding regions (NCRs), and all genes have the same orientation of transcription. The AT content in the complete mitogenome of Contracaecum sp. was 72.2%, and it was the least value (66.7%) in the cox1 gene but was the highest rate (84.1%) in NCRs. The highest nucleotide diversity (Pi) among the genus Contracaecum was nad4 (0.190) and the least was cox1 (0.125), which indicates that nad4 might have the potential ability as useful markers to detect cryptic species in the genus Contracaecum or subspecies. Based on the maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) computational algorithms within subfamilies Ascaridoidea and Heterakoidea, the results supported that Contracaecum sp. was a new species and the family Ascaridiidae was paraphyletic. The complete mitogenome sequence of Contracaecum sp. supported a clear recognition of Contracaecum species and provided the potential existence of cryptic species in the genus Contracaecum. Our findings would better contribute to the surveillance, molecular epidemiology, and control of Contracaecum.
作者机构：
[Pu, Lixia; Li, Xiaolu; Zhang, Shaohua; Liu, Zhongli; Guo, Aijiang; Cai, Xuepeng; Guo, Xiaola; Wang, Shuai] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, Key Lab Vet Parasitol Gansu Prov, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, Peoples R China.;[Jian, Jianbo; Wu, Bin] BGI Shenzhen, BGI Genom, Shenzhen 518083, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Guo-hua] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Res Ctr Parasites & Vectors, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Shuai] Jiangsu Coinnovat Ctr Prevent & Control Important, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xuepeng Cai; Shuai Wang] S;State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, China<&wdkj&>Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, China
作者机构：
[Gui, Qingwen; Wang, Wenjing] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[He, Yumin; Wang, Wenjing; Gao, Hongrui; Yin, Yulong; Feng, Zemeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Hunan Prov Key Lab Anim Nutr Physiol & Metab Proc, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[He, Yumin] Hunan Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Anim Nutr & Human Hlth Lab, Changsha 410081, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Deng, Lei] Cent South Univ, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Changsha 410075, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Cao, Zhong] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Hunan Prov Key Lab Mat Protect Elect Power & Trans, Hunan Prov Key Lab Cytochemistry, Changsha 410114, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Qingwen Gui] C;[Zemeng Feng] H;College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Canter for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observational and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China
摘要：
Cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs), which exist in vertebrate, bacterial, and viral genomes, are regarded as strong immune adjuvants. To date, the biological activities of CpG-ODN5 in reproduction remain unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of CpG-ODN5 on the cell cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis in mouse granulosa cells (mGCs), in combination with inhibin alpha (1 similar to 32) fragments. mGCs were transfected with pEGFP (containing green fluorescent protein, as a control), pEGISI (containing inhibin alpha (1 similar to 32) fragments), or pEGISI-CpG-ODN5 (containing inhibin alpha (1 similar to 32) fragments and CpG-ODN5 motifs) plasmid for 48 h in vitro. Our results showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of inhibin alpha were downregulated in mGCs transfected with pEGISI-CpG-ODN5, compared to those transfected with pEGISI. Flow cytometry demonstrated that pEGISI-CpG-ODN5 transfection promoted cell proliferation (for example, increasing the number of cells in S and G2 phases) and decreased apoptosis, compared to pEGISI transfection. The present study also indicated that the expression of cell cycle-related genes (cyclin D2, cyclin D3, cyclin E1, Cdk2, and Cdk6) was increased, while the expression of apoptosis-related factors (Fas, FasL, caspase-8, and caspase-3) decreased after pEGISI-CpG-ODN5 treatment. Additionally, pEGISI-CpG-ODN5 reversed the effect of pEGISI on the secretion of estradiol in mGCs, which was further validated by upregulating the levels of its synthesis-related factors (StAR, Cyp11a1, and 17 beta-HSD II). Nevertheless, pEGISI-CpG-ODN5 or pEGISI did not affect the concentration of progesterone nor changed the expression levels of its synthesis-related factors (3 beta-HSD I and Cyp19a1). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that CpG-ODN5 may affect the cell cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis by targeting the effects of inhibin alpha (1 similar to 32) fragments, supporting the potential role of CpG-ODN5 in the development of granulosa cells.
期刊：
Frontiers in Veterinary Science,2022年9:931137 ISSN：2297-1769
通讯作者：
Liu, G.-H.;Fu, Y.-T.
作者机构：
[Li, Rong; Fu, Yi-Tian; Deng, Yuan-Ping; Liu, Guo-Hua; Wang, Hui-Mei] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Res Ctr Parasites & Vectors, Changsha, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, G.-H.; Fu, Y.-T.] R;Research Center for Parasites and Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
通讯机构：
[Jianming Su] P;Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines College of Veterinary Medicin, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
作者机构：
[Wang, Zi-Yuan; Qi, Xue-Jia; Liu, Zhao-Ying; Ma, Xiao; Zuo, Meng-Ting] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Zi-Yuan; Qi, Xue-Jia; Liu, Zhao-Ying; Ma, Xiao; Zuo, Meng-Ting] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Engn Technol Res Ctr Vet Drugs, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhao-Ying Liu] C;College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
通讯机构：
Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
摘要：
The occurrence of pseudorabies (PR) caused by the PR virus (PRV) causes huge economic losses to the pig industry in China. Moreover, the potential threat of PRV to humans' health has received wide attention recently. The prevalence of two PRV genotypes and the application of their corresponding live attenuated vaccines increase the recombination possibility. In the present study, a novel recombinant PRV strain designed as HN-2019 was isolated from one sick piglet in Hunan province, China, its genetic features and pathogenicity were further investigated. The results showed that the glycoprotein E (gE) and gG genes of the HN-2019 strain displayed higher nucleotide homology with PRV classical strains (such as Ea and Fa) compared to others. However, its TK gene with continuous nucleotide deletions shared 100% nucleotide identity with the HB-98 vaccine strain, which was derived from the Ea strain. Moreover, the HN-2019 strain exhibited similar growth characteristics to that of the Ea strain, but its pathogenicity in mice was significantly lower than the latter one. The results above suggested that a naturally recombinant event might occur in the genome of the HN-2019 strain between the PRV classical strain and the HB-98 vaccine strain, which will provide useful guidelines for PRV vaccine design in the future.
摘要：
In China, the plerocercoid of the cestode Spirometra mansoni is the main causative agent of human and animal sparganosis. However, the population genetic structure of this parasite remains unclear. In this study, we genotyped S. mansoni isolates with the aim to improve current knowledge on the evolution and population diversity of this cestode. We first screened 34 perfect simple sequence repeats (SSRs) using all available omic data and then constructed target sequencing technology (Target SSR-seq) based on the Illumina NovaSeq platform. Next, a series of STRUCTURE. clustering, principal component, analysis of molecular variance and TreeMix analyses were performed on 362 worm samples isolated from 12 different hosts in 16 geographical populations of China to identify the genetic structure. A total of 170 alleles were detected. The whole population could be organized and was found to be derived from the admixture of two ancestral clusters. TreeMix analysis hinted that possible gene flow occurred from Guizhou (GZ) to Sichuan (SC), SC to Jaingxi (JX), SC to Hubei (HB), GZ to Yunnan (YN) and GZ to Jiangsu (JS). Both neighbor-joining clustering and principal coordinate analysis showed that isolates from intermediate hosts tend to cluster together, while parasites from definitive hosts revealed greater genetic differences. Generally, a S. mansoni population was observed to harbor high genetic diversity, moderate genetic differentiation and a little genetic exchange among geographical populations. A Target SSR-seq genotyping method was successfully developed, and an in-depth view of genetic diversity and genetic relationship will have important implications for the prevention and control of sparganosis.
作者机构：
[Li, Rong; Deng, Yuan-Ping; Liu, Guo-Hua; Wang, Hui-Mei] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Res Ctr Parasites & Vectors, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Tu, Ya] Beijing Wildlife Rescue & Rehabil Ctr, Beijing 101300, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ya Tu] B;[Yuan-Ping Deng] R;Beijing Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center, Beijing, 101300, China<&wdkj&>Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, 410128, China
