作者机构：
[Zheng, Ning; Tonggu, Lige; El-Din, Tamer M. Gamal; Jiang, Daohua; Catterall, William A.] Univ Washington, Dept Pharmacol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;[Banh, Richard; Pomes, Regis] Hosp Sick Children, Mol Med, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.;[Banh, Richard; Pomes, Regis] Univ Toronto, Dept Biochem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.;[Zheng, Ning] Univ Washington, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Shi] S;State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
摘要：
Glucose metabolism and innate immunity evolved side-by-side. It is unclear if and how the two systems interact with each other during hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections and, if so, which mechanisms are involved. Here, we report that HBV activates glycolysis to impede retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-induced interferon production. We demonstrate that HBV sequesters MAVS from RIG-I by forming a ternary complex including hexokinase (HK). Using a series of pharmacological and genetic approaches, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence indicating that HBV suppresses RLR signaling via lactate dehydrogenase-A-dependent lactate production. Lactate directly binds MAVS preventing its aggregation and mitochondrial localization during HBV infection. Therefore, we show that HK2 and glycolysis-derived lactate have important functions in the immune escape of HBV and that energy metabolism regulates innate immunity during HBV infection. RIG-I is a cytosolic antiviral nucleic acid sensor that signals via MAVS to produce type 1 interferons. Here the authors show that hepatits B virus can repress this pathway by activating glycolysis and lactate production, enabling accumulated lactate to bind MAVS and prevent its mitochondrial localization.
摘要：
Disruption of the MEKK1-MKK1/MKK2-MPK4 kinase cascade leads to activation of immunity mediated by the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptor SUMM2, which monitors the phosphorylation status of CRCK3. Here we report that two receptor-like kinases (RLKs), MDS1, and MDS2, function redundantly to promote SUMM2-mediated immunity. Activation of SUMM2-mediated immunity is dependent on MDS1, and to a less extent on MDS2. MDS1 associates with CRCK3 in planta and can phosphorylate CRCK3 in vitro, suggesting that it may target CRCK3 to positively regulate SUMM2-mediated signaling. Our finding highlights a new defense mechanism where RLKs promote NLR-mediated immunity.
摘要：
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Fusarium wilt (FW) caused by <jats:italic>Fusarium oxysporum</jats:italic> f. sp. <jats:italic>niveum</jats:italic> (FON) is a soil-borne disease that seriously limits watermelon production. In the present study, <jats:italic>Trichoderma asperellum</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>T. asperellum</jats:italic>) M45a was shown to be an effective biocontrol agent against FW. In a pot experiment, the application of 10<jats:sup>5</jats:sup>cfu/g of <jats:italic>T. asperellum</jats:italic> M45a granules had an improved control effect on FW during the blooming period (up to 67.44%) in soils subjected to five years of continuous cropping with watermelon, while the average length of watermelon vines was also significantly improved (P < 0.05). Additionally, the acid phosphatase (ACP), cellulase (CL), catalase (CAT), and sucrase (SC) activities in the M45a-inoculation group were significantly higher than those in the control (CK) group, and transformation of the soil nutrients (total N, NO3-N, and available P) was significantly increased. Moreover, <jats:italic>T. asperellum</jats:italic> M45a inoculation reduced fungal diversity, increased bacterial diversity and especiallyenhanced the relative abundance of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), such as <jats:italic>Trichoderma, Sphingomonas</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Actinomadura</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Rhodanobacter</jats:italic>. Through functional prediction, the relative abundance of ectomycorrhiza, endophytes, animal pathotrophs, and saprotrophs in the fungal community was determined to be significantly lower than that observed in the M45a-treated soil. Correlation analysis revealed that <jats:italic>Sphingomonas</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Trichoderma</jats:italic> had the most differences in terms of microorganism abundance, and these differences were positively correlated with ACP, CL, CAT, and SC. These findings provide guidance for the use of fungicides to achieve microecological control of FW in continuously cropped watermelon plots.</jats:p>
摘要：
<jats:p>Pyrimidine nucleoside uridine plays a critical role in maintaining cellular function and energy metabolism. In addition to its role in nucleoside synthesis, uridine and its derivatives contribute to reduction of cytotoxicity and suppression of drug-induced hepatic steatosis. Uridine is mostly present in blood and cerebrospinal fluid, where it contributes to the maintenance of basic cellular functions affected by UPase enzyme activity, feeding habits, and ATP depletion. Uridine metabolism depends on three stages: <jats:italic>de novo</jats:italic> synthesis, salvage synthesis pathway and catabolism, and homeostasis, which is tightly relating to glucose homeostasis and lipid and amino acid metabolism. This review is devoted to uridine metabolism and its role in glucose, lipid, and amino acid homeostasis.</jats:p>
作者机构：
[Huang, Xingchuan; Liu, Yanan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Hunan Prov Key Lab Phytohormones & Growth Dev, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Xingchuan; Sun, Tongjun; Lan, Jiameng; Jetter, Reinhard; Liu, Yanan; Li, Xin; Ding, Yuli; Tian, Hainan; Sun, Yulin; Radojicic, Ana; Zhang, Yuelin] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.;[Sun, Tongjun; Li, Xin] Univ British Columbia, Michael Smith Labs, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.;[Zhang, Yanjun; Zhang, Kewei] Zhejiang Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Inst Plant Genet & Dev Biol, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Siyu] Northeast Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Mol Epigenet, Changchun 130000, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, Yuelin] U;Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
摘要：
Perception of SA by its receptors is required for activation of NHP biosynthesis during SAR, plays crucial roles in PTI and ETI, and is involved in regulating SA 5-hydroxylation and glycosylation. The plant defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) is perceived by two classes of receptors, NPR1 and NPR3/NPR4. They function in two parallel pathways to regulate SA-induced defense gene expression. To better understand the roles of the SA receptors in plant defense, we systematically analyzed their contributions to different aspects of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plant immunity using the SA-insensitive npr1-1 npr4-4D double mutant. We found that perception of SA by NPR1 and NPR4 is required for activation of N-hydroxypipecolic acid biosynthesis, which is essential for inducing systemic acquired resistance. In addition, both pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) are severely compromised in the npr1-1 npr4-4D double mutant. Interestingly, the PTI and ETI attenuation in npr1-1 npr4-4D is more dramatic compared with the SA-induction deficient2-1 (sid2-1) mutant, suggesting that the perception of residual levels of SA in sid2-1 also contributes to immunity. Furthermore, NPR1 and NPR4 are involved in positive feedback amplification of SA biosynthesis and regulation of SA homeostasis through modifications including 5-hydroxylation and glycosylation. Thus, the SA receptors NPR1 and NPR4 play broad roles in plant immunity.
作者机构：
[He, Rui; Zhu, Ying; Peng, Nanfang; Liu, Shi; Fang, Peining; Yu, Haisheng; Li, Mengqi] Wuhan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Modern Virol Res Ctr, State Key Lab Virol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Qiming] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Yi, Yu] Zhejiang Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Biosyst Homeostasis & Protect, Hangzhou, Peoples R China.;[Yi, Yu] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Life Sci, Innovat Ctr Cell Signaling Network, Hangzhou, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Fubing] Wuhan Univ, Dept Lab Med, Zhongnan Hosp, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Shi] W;Wuhan Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Key Lab Virol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
关键词：
HDM2;IRF2;Major vault protein (MVP);hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC);p53
摘要：
Major vault protein (MVP) is up regulated during infections with hepatitis B and C virus. Here, we found that MVP deficiency inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development induced by di-ethyl-nitrosamine (DEN), HBx, and HCV Core. Forced MVP expression was sufficient to induce HCC in mice. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the ubiquitin ligase Human Double Minute 2 (HDM2) forms mutual exclusive complexes either with interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2) or with p53. In presence of MVP, HDM2 is liberated from IRF2 leading to the ubiquitination of the tumor suppressor p53. Mouse xenograft models showed that Hepatitis B and C virus promote carcinogenesis through MVP induction, resulting in a loss of p53 mediated by HDM2. Analyses of clinical samples from chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, and HCC revealed that MVP upregulation correlates with several hallmarks of malignancy, and associates with poor overall survival. Taken together, through the sequestration of IRF2, MVP promotes an HDM2-dependent loss of p53 that promotes HCC development.
通讯机构：
[Liu, SQ; Liao, XL; Liu, Shuangqing; Liao, Xiaolan] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Prov Key Lab Biol & Control Plant Dis & Pla, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Biol Pesticides & Pesticide Preparat Proc E, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Active components;Antagonistic bacteria;Botrytis cinerea;Control effect;Identification
摘要：
To resolve the problem of pesticide resistance in strawberry gray mold Botrytis cinerea and to improve the effectiveness of disease preventive measures by developing biological pesticides, a bacterial strain was identified using plate confrontation culture method, morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical analyses, and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. The antifungal components of the antagonistic bacterial strain were analyzed by GC-MS, and their in vitro control effects were evaluated. One hundred bacterial strains were isolated from the strawberry rhizosphere soil, of which one showed superior antagonistic effect, accounting for 1% of all of the strains, and it was designated as strain ZY86. Further investigation indicated that strain ZY86 exhibited antifungal effects not only against B. cinerea but also against Rhizoctonia solani, Magnaporthe grisea, Colletotrichum capsici, Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Strain ZY86 (GenBank Accession number MK111627) was highly similar to model strain Acinetobacter johnsonii (ATCC17909), with a homologous identity of 99%, and thus, strain ZY86 was identified as A. johnsonii. Analyses of the antifungal components showed that the active components produced by strain ZY86 were primarily amines, accounting for 20.80% of the total active components, which were followed, in order, by ketones, acids, esters, alcohols, peptides, hydrocarbons, alkanes, aldehydes, and alkenes in terms of proportion. In vitro testing showed that the control effect of strain ZY86 on strawberry gray mold was 84.14%, and higher the concentration, the better the control effect. In addition, strain ZY86 imparted a strong control effect against strawberry gray mold, and therefore, it is a promising biocontrol agent for agricultural production. (C) 2019 Friends Science Publishers
关键词：
Activation energy;Citrus fruits;Emission spectroscopy;High temperature applications;Light emitting diodes;Phosphors;Solid state reactions;Thermodynamic stability;Chromaticity coordinates;Concentration quenching;Concentration-dependent;Diffuse reflection spectra;Excitation and emission spectra;High temperature solid-state reaction;Internal quantum efficiency;Plant growth;Light emission
摘要：
In this paper, a series of novel orange-red emission phosphors Sr8ZnY(PO4)(7):Sm3+ (SZYP:Sm3+) were synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reaction. The photoluminescence and concentration-dependent properties of this phosphor were investigated carefully through diffuse reflection spectra, excitation and emission spectra, Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinate and decay times. SZYP:Sm3+ could be efficiently excited by n-UV and blue lights which center at 318, 345, 363, 376, 401, 410, 440 and 475 nm, respectively. The characteristic orange-red emission peaking at 563, 601 and 647 nm had been detected, which should be attributed to the characteristic f-f forbidden transition of Sm3+. The internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of ideal phosphor of SZYP:0.09Sm(3+) reached as high as 47%. In addition, The concentration quenching mechanism and thermal stability of SZYP:Sm3+ were further investigated. It was found SZYP:Sm3+ can maintain 93% of initial emission intensity at 150 degrees C and the corresponding activation energy was calculated to be 0.26 eV based on Arrhenius formula. The emission intensity of 1.0Mg(2+) and 0.02Al(3+) incorporated SZYP:0.09Sm(3+) reached up to 134% and 117% of the initial value, respectively. Moreover, (light-emitting diodes) LED devices were fabricated by employing the optimized samples as orange-red component with 365 nm n-UV chips. The desired emission in plant absorption region and extremely high thermal stability imply that SZYP:Sm3+ is suitable for the application in plant growth LED lighting. (C) 2019 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
This study aimed to clarify the sensitivity and cross-resistance of Botrytis cinerea on strawberries to fluazinam (FAN), boscalid (BCI) and phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) to guide the rational use of these drugs. By measuring the mycelial growth rate, the sensitivity of 126 strains of B. cinerea on strawberries to FAN, BCI and PCA in 9 regions of Hunan Province was determined. The results showed that highest half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values for FAN, BCI and PCA against B. cinerea on strawberries were 0.9840 mu g/mL, 9.0564 mu g/mL and 11.2239 mu g/mL, respectively; the minimum values were 0.0135 mu g/mL, 0.1347 mu g/mL and 1.3540 mu g/mL, respectively, while the mean values were 0.1349 +/- 0.1710 mu g/mL, 2.1238 +/- 1.9095 mu g/mL and 5.2601 +/- 2.2908 mu g/mL, respectively. The highest values were 70.22-, 73.15- and 8.29-times higher, respectively, than the minimum values. The sensitivity frequencies of the three fungicides against B. cinerea on strawberries were not normally distributed, suggesting that sub-populations with reduced sensitivity were present in the B. cinerea population. Cross resistance to FAN, BCI and PCA existed. Field experiment results showed that the best control of B. cinerea occurred with FAN at 84.87%, which was 1.28-times that of the control, followed by BCI. PCA had the lowest control effect, which was lower than that of the control drug. This study provides a basis for decision-making in the future development of new policies for the prevention and control of B. cinerea. (C) 2019 Friends Science Publishers
作者机构：
[Xu, Gang; Xia, Zhangchuan; Deng, Feiyan; Liu, Lin; Cheng, Zhikui; Zhu, Ying; Liu, Shi] Wuhan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Modern Virol Res Ctr, State Key Lab Virol, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China;[Wang, Qiming] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China;[Yu, Yi] Zhejiang Univ, Life Sci Inst, Key Lab Biosyst Homeostasis & Protect, Minist Educ, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China;[Yu, Yi] Zhejiang Univ, Life Sci Inst, Innovat Ctr Cell Signaling Network, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China;[Wang, Fubing] Wuhan Univ, Dept Lab Med, Zhongnan Hosp, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China
通讯机构：
[Liu, Shi] W;Wuhan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Modern Virol Res Ctr, State Key Lab Virol, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Transfection;Influenza A virus;Cytokines;Transcription factors;Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction;Vesicular stomatitis virus;Viral replication;Viral transmission and infection
摘要：
The galectin 3 binding protein (LGALS3BP, also known as 90K) is a ubiquitous multifunctional secreted glycoprotein originally identified in cancer progression. It remains unclear how 90K functions in innate immunity during viral infections. In this study, we found that viral infections resulted in elevated levels of 90K. Further studies demonstrated that 90K expression suppressed virus replication by inducing IFN and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Upon investigating the mechanisms behind this event, we found that 90K functions as a scaffold/adaptor protein to interact with TRAF6, TRAF3, TAK1 and TBK1. Furthermore, 90K enhanced TRAF6 and TRAF3 ubiquitination and served as a specific ubiquitination substrate of TRAF6, leading to transcription factor NF-.B, IRF3 and IRF7 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Conclusions: 90K is a virus-induced protein capable of binding with the TRAF6 and TRAF3 complex, leading to IFN and pro-inflammatory production.
摘要：
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in microbial fertilizer can not only produce plant hormones to improve the growth of roots and shoots, but also accelerate the release of nutrients in traditional organic fertilizer. Using mixture of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and traditional organic fertilizer is considered an economical and environment-friendly approach. In this research, a multifunctional composite microbial organic fertilizer was found and tried to solve the problems of soil caused by long-term use of chemical fertilizer and change the irregular release of nutrients in traditional organic fertilizer. Using active microbial concentration and the release of nutrients as indicators to study the effect of the microbial organic fertilizer application on soil fertility, this study indicated that the quantity of active bacteria increased more greatly by turf application than other traditional organic fertilizer carriers. However, using mixed chicken manure (CH) and corn straw (CO) as carriers had same active microbial concentration compared with turf. It indicated that this carrier can be used as an alternative carrier to turf as non-renewable resources. The present findings showed that the CH + CO carrier had the optimal conditions with 30% water content, 30 degrees C temperature, and 10(8) CFU mL(-1) (CFU = Colony-Forming Units) initial cell concentration. The application of the microbial fertilizer was conducive to improving the rhizospheric microecological environment, improving crop yield and quality and alleviating the problems associated with long-term use of chemical fertilizer. (C) 2019 Friends Science Publishers
摘要：
A Gram-stain-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, YN-1(T), was isolated from a rice field in the town of Jietou, Yunnan Province, PR China. Colonies were circular, 1-2 mm in diameter, creamy white, with slightly irregular margins. The isolate grew optimally at 37 degrees C, pH 7.0 and with 1.0 % (w/v) NaCl. On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, YN-1(T) clustered together with other species of the genus Bacillus and showed highest similarities with Bacillus onubensis 0911MAR22V3(T) (98.0 %), Bacillus humi LMG22167(T) (97.5 %), 'Bacillus timonensis' 10403023 (97.4 %) and 'Bacillussinesaloumensis' P3516 (97.1 %). However, the DNA-DNA hybridization values between YN-1(T) and closely related strains of species of the genus Bacillus were well below 47 %, indicating that they represent different taxa. The average nucleotide identity and the Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator also revealed low relatedness (below 95 and 70 %, respectively) between YN-1(T) and type strains of closely related species of the genus Bacillus. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 40 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, and C16 : 0. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified aminophospholipids and two other unidentified lipids. Physiological and biochemical test results were also different from those of the most closely related species. On the basis of the phenotypic, genetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain YN-1(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillusaciditolerans sp. nov. is proposed, with strain YN-1(T) (=CCTCC AB 2017280(T)=JCM 32973(T)) as the type strain.
摘要：
Simple Summary Uridine monophosphate (UMP) and uridine (UR) are rich in sow's milk. The results from this study showed that UMP and UR affect the lipid profile and lipid metabolism in weanling piglets. It is suggested that UMP and UR improve the energy status in early-weaned piglets. As a main ingredient of milk, the nucleotides content is about 12-58 mg/g, which plays a critical role in maintaining cellular function and lipid metabolism. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of short-term uridine monophosphate (UMP) and uridine (UR) administration on lipid metabolism in early-weaned piglets. Twenty-one weaned piglets (7 d of age; 3.32 +/- 0.20 kg average body weight) were randomly assigned into three groups: The control (CON), UMP, and UR group, and oral administered UMP or UR for 10 days, respectively. The results showed that supplementation with UMP significantly increased (p < 0.05) serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) and tended to increase (p = 0.062) serum total cholesterol (TC) content of piglets when compared with the other two groups. Oral administration with UMP and UR significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the serum total bile acid (TBA) and plasma free fatty acids (FFA) of piglets, and significantly reduced the fatty acid content of C12:0 (p < 0.01) and C14:0 (p < 0.05) in liver. Experiments about key enzymes that are involved in de novo synthesis of fatty acid showed that the gene expression of liver X receptors (LXR alpha), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1c), fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2), and fatty acid elongase 5 (ELOVL5) were remarkably down-regulated (p < 0.05) with UMP and UR treatment, and key factors of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT-1 alpha) involved in fatty acid catabolism were also decreased (p < 0.05). Additionally, the protein expression of phosphorylated-mTOR was not affected while phosphorylation of AKT was repressed (p < 0.05). In conclusion, short-term oral UMP or UR administration could regulate fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism, thus providing energy for early-weaned piglets.
