期刊：
Science of The Total Environment,2021年764:142848 ISSN：0048-9697
通讯作者：
Zhang, Gengxin
作者机构：
[Chen, Qiuyu; Yuan, Yanli; Xu, Ri; Hu, Yilun; Zhang, Gengxin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, CAS Key Lab Alpine Ecol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.;[Hu, Yilun] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Jian] China West Normal Univ, Land & Resources Coll, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, Peoples R China.;[Si, Guicai] Chinese Acad Sci, Lanzhou Ctr Oil & Gas Resources, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resources, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, Gengxin] C;Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Key Lab Alpine Ecol, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Alpine steppe;Carbon cycle;Microbial functional genes;Multilevel N additions;Nitrogen cycle;Phosphorus cycle
摘要：
High amounts of deposited nitrogen (N) dramatically influence the stability and functions of alpine ecosystems by changing soil microbial community functions, but the mechanism is still unclear. To investigate the impacts of increased N deposition on microbial community functions, a 2-year multilevel N addition (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)) field experiment was set up in an alpine steppe on the Tibetan Plateau. Soil microbial functional genes (GeoChip 4.6), together with soil enzyme activity, soil organic compounds and environmental variables, were used to explore the response of microbial community functions to N additions. The results showed that the N addition rate of 40 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) was the critical value for soil microbial functional genes in this alpine steppe. A small amount of added N (<= 40 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)) had no significant effects on the abundance of microbial functional genes, while high amounts of added N (>40 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)) significantly increased the abundance of soil organic carbon degradation genes. Additionally, the abundance of microbial functional genes associated with NH4+, including ammonification, N fixation and assimilatory nitrate reduction pathways, was significantly increased under high N additions. Further, high N additions also increased soil organic phosphorus utilization, which was indicated by the increase in the abundance of phytase genes and alkaline phosphatase activity. Plant richness, soil NO2-/NH4+ and WSOC/WSON were significantly correlated with the abundance of microbial functional genes, which drove the changes in microbial community functions under N additions. These findings help us to predict that increased N deposition in the future may alter soil microbial functional structure, which will lead to changes in microbially-mediated biogeochemical dynamics in alpine steppes on the Tibetan Plateau and will have extraordinary impacts on microbial C, N and P cycles. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Humans tend to show congruent facial expressions automatically in reaction to their partners which is defined as emotional mimicry. Although occurring unconsciously, this tendency has been proven to be modulated by social contextual factors such as group membership. Ingroup bias in emotional mimicryhas been well-documentedin previous research; however, few studies have investigated the underlying mechanism. Based on the mimicry-as-social-regulatormodel, this study explored whether the ingroup bias in emotional mimicry arises from the greater self-ingroup overlap. By recording participants' facial electromyographic responses while passively viewing dynamic emotional clips performed by either racial ingroup or outgroup actors, Study 1 validated the presence of ingroup bias in the mimicry of happiness, but not anger. Using asimilar procedure in Study 2, anew sample was employed (N=37), and ameasurement of self-other overlaps via the Inclusion of the Other in the Self Scale was added. The results of Study 2 reproduced the ingroup bias in happy mimicry, and further demonstrated that the effect of group membership on emotional mimicry was mediated by the self-other overlap. In summary, this study provides evidence that the level of interpersonal closeness predicts emotional mimicry.
摘要：
To understand the hydrogen (H) behavior in the carbide precipitates, the dissolution and diffusion properties of interstitial H in the transition metal carbide (TMC; TM = Hf, Nb, Ta, Ti, V, and Zr) were studied by first-principles calculations. In these carbides, it can be seen that H tends to occupy the trigonal site (tri2-site) surrounded by three transition metal atoms and one carbon atom rather than the face center (fc-site) and the body center (bcsite) which with the larger space. We found that the bonding interaction between H atom and the nearest-neighbor (1NN) carbon atom is the dominant influence on the stability of H dissolution. Besides, we obtained the temperature-dependent solubility and diffusion coefficients of H in TMC and pure vanadium through Sievert's law and transition state theory. Compared with pure vanadium, H shows the worse solubility in TMC, and it is more difficult for hydrogen to migrate in TMC, but segregate toward the interface. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that, the diffusion barrier and the H solution energy show a linear relationship for transition metal carbides in the same period. These results can help us deepen the understanding of H behavior in vanadium alloys strengthened by carbide precipitates, and furtherly providing the theoretical guidance for the design of alloys with excellent performance. (C) 2021 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC.
摘要：
The maintenance of homeostasis is essential for mitigating stress and delaying degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is generally defined as the abnormal production of beta-amyloid (A beta) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The effects of l-theanine on A beta and AGE generation were investigated in this study. Decreased AGEs and A beta(1-42) levels were reflected by increased acetylcholine (ACh) concentration and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity inhibition compared to model rats. l-Theanine also inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B (p65) protein expression by activating sirtuin1 (SIRT1), reducing inflammatory factor expression, and downregulating the mRNA and protein expression of AGE receptors (RAGE). Superoxide dismutase 2 and catalase protein expressions were markedly upregulated by l-theanine, whereas oxidative stress-related injury was alleviated. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha) was also found to be increased. H&E staining showed that the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons was mitigated by decreased Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 protein expression and the increase of Bcl-2 protein expression. Moreover, l-theanine increased the gene and protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). These findings suggest that the potential preventive effects of l-theanine against AD may be attributed to its regulation of SIRT1 and BDNF proteins and its mitigation of AGEs/RAGE signaling pathways in the brain tissue of AD model rats.
摘要：
Susceptibility to mastitis is highest during the peri-partal (transition) period and is often concomitant with other comorbidities such as ketosis. Although infection with pathogenic microorganisms and immune-dysfunc-tion around calving clearly play key roles in mastitis development, other metabolic factors also contribute. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial deacetylase regu-lating energy and redox homeostasis, antagonizes the lipotoxic effects of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Thus, we hypothesized that increases in circulating NEFA concentrations, as observed in the transition period, provokes inflammatory responses that can be reversed via activation of SIRT3. Here we aimed to study (1) proinflammatory NF-Kappa B signaling and SIRT3 abundance in mammary tissue of ketotic cows and healthy controls, and (2) the effect of SIRT3 on NF-Kappa B activation in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) treated with high levels of NEFA. The mam-mary gland biopsy samples were from a previous study, which included 15 healthy cows and 15 ketotic cows. Primary BMEC were isolated from 3 healthy Holstein cows with collagenase III digestion. Purified BMEC were incubated with or without SIRT3 overexpression adenovirus for 48 h, then treated with 0, 0.6, 1.2, or 2.4 mM NEFA for 24 h. Mammary tissue of ketotic cows was associated with lower protein abundance of SIRT3 along with greater NF-Kappa B P65 phosphorylation levels (p-NF-Kappa B P65), p-NF-Kappa B P65: NF -Kappa B P65 ratio, and mRNA abundance of IL1B and IL6. In BMEC, exog-enous NEFA dose-dependently reduced protein abun-dance of SIRT3, but increased p-NF-Kappa B P65, p-NF-Kappa B P65: NF -Kappa B P65 ratio, and mRNA abundance of IL1B and IL6. Compared with green fluorescent protein adenovirus vector + NEFA, overexpression of SIRT3 in NEFA-treated BMEC downregulated p-NF-Kappa B P65 and mRNA abundance of IL1B and IL6. Immuno-fluorescence indicated that overexpression of SIRT3 inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-Kappa B P65. Overall, our data demonstrated that ketosis is associated with a reduction in SIRT3 abundance and activation of NF-Kappa B signaling in the mammary gland. In vitro data pro-vided evidence that high NEFA concentrations inhibit SIRT3, which contributes to enhanced NF-Kappa B signaling including nuclear translocation and a pro-inflammatory response. The data suggest a promising role of SIRT3 as a target for helping alleviate localized inflammation of the mammary gland resulting from exposure to high concentrations of NEFA.
通讯机构：
[Longbo Jiang; Xingzhong Yuan] C;College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China<&wdkj&>College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China<&wdkj&>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
关键词：
Peroxydisulfate;Visible light photocatalysis;N-CQDs/g-C3N4;Metal-free;Advanced oxidation process
摘要：
Photo-assisted peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation has exhibited a great potential for pollution control. In this study, metal-free nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) modified g-C3N4 composite was fabricated and used to activate PDS under visible light to effectively remove tetracycline hydrochloride (HTC) in wastewater. Specifically, almost 90% of HTC (20 mg/L) was removed in 60 min under the conditions of an initial value of catalysis dose of 0.5 g/L and PDS dose of 0.6 g/L. Electron spin resonance analysis and trapping experiments confirmed that center dot SO4-, center dot O-2(-) and h(+) were found as the dominant contributors to the HTC degradation. PDS and N-CQDs acted as an electron acceptor to transfer the photogenerated charges, resulting in the successful activation of PDS. The promoting visible light absorption can be ascribed to up-conversion effect of N-CQDs. The combination strategy provides an innovative approach to synthesize binary metal-free carbonaceous photocatalysts for implementing PDS-based oxidative degradation of pollutants.
摘要：
Plant vacuoles are unique compartments that play a critical role in plant growth and development. The vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), together with the vacuolar H(+)-pyrophosphatase (V-PPase), generates the proton motive force that regulates multiple cell functions and impacts all aspects of plant life. We investigated the effect of V-ATPase activity in the vacuole on plant growth and development. We used an Arabidopsisthaliana (L.) Heynh. double mutant, vha-a2 vha-a3, which lacks two tonoplast-localized isoforms of the membrane-integral V-ATPase subunit VHA-a. The mutant is viable but exhibits impaired growth and leaf chlorosis. Nitrate assimilation led to excessive ammonium accumulation in the shoot and lower nitrogen uptake, which exacerbated growth retardation of vha-a2 vha-a3. Ion homeostasis was disturbed in plants with missing VHA-a2 and VHA-a3 genes, which might be related to limited growth. The reduced growth and excessive ammonium accumulation of the double mutant was alleviated by potassium supplementation. Our results demonstrate that plants lacking the two tonoplast-localized subunits of V-ATPase can be viable, although with defective growth caused by multiple factors, which can be alleviated by adding potassium. This study provided a new insight into the relationship between V-ATPase, growth, and ammonium accumulation, and revealed the role of potassium in mitigating ammonium toxicity.
期刊：
Science of The Total Environment,2021年801:149696 ISSN：0048-9697
通讯作者：
Chunyan Du
作者机构：
[Zhou, Lu; Du, Chunyan; Chen, Hong; Wang, Guoliang; Wu, Haipeng; Zhu, Xiaofang; Chi, Tianying; Yu, Guanlong] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Hydraul Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Lu; Du, Chunyan; Chen, Hong; Wu, Haipeng; Yu, Guanlong] Key Lab Water Sediment Sci & Water Disaster Preve, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Guoliang; Zhu, Xiaofang; Chi, Tianying] Key Lab Dongting Lake Aquat Ecoenvironm Control &, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Yaoyu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chunyan Du] S;School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, PR China
摘要：
Pyrolytic carbon materials (PCMs) with various surface functionalities are widely used as environmentally friendly and cost-efficient adsorbents for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants. Recent studies have il-lustrated that PCMs as electron shuttles (ESs) could also show excellent performances in promoting the anaero-bic transformation of recalcitrant organic pollutants (ROPs). Numerous studies have demonstrated the excellent electron-shuttle capability (ESC) of PCMs to stimulate the anaerobic reductive transformation of ROPs. However, there isa lack of consistent understanding of the mechanism of ESC formation in PCMs and the stimulation mech-anism for ROPs anaerobic transformation. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the latest develop-ments in the study of PCMs as ESs for ROPs anaerobic transformation, this review summarizes the formation mechanism, influencing factors, and stimulation mechanisms of ESC. ESC benefits from redox functional groups (quinone and phenol groups), persistent free radicals (PFRs), redox-active metal ions, conductive graphene phase, and porous nature of their surface. The factors influencing ESC include the highest treatment temperature (HTT), feedstocks, modification methods, and environmental conditions, of which, the HTT is the key factor. PCMs promote the reductive transformation of ROPs under anaerobic conditions via abiotic and biotic pathways. Eventually, the prospects for the ROPs anaerobic transformation enhanced by PCMs are proposed. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
通讯机构：
[Fengna Li] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process;Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences;Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production;National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production
关键词：
branched-chain amino acids;protein restriction;lipid metabolism;adipose tissue;finishing pig model
摘要：
This study aimed to investigate the effect of the supplementation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) at different ratios in protein restriction diets on lipid metabolism in a finishing pig model. The BCAA supplementation (leucine/isoleucine/valine = 2:1:1 and 2:1:2) ameliorated the poor growth performance and carcass characteristics, particularly high fat mass caused by a protein-restricted diet. Serum adiponectin increased while leptin decreased in BCAA diets in comparison to the 12% CP group. BCAA supplementation also increased the low-protein expression of AMPK and SIRT1 caused by protein restriction. The mRNA and protein levels of peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were highest in the protein-restricted group and lowered in the 2:1:1 or 2:1:2 group. In conclusion, BCAAs supplemented in an adequate ratio range of 2:1:1 to 2:1:2 (2:1:2 is recommended) in reduced protein diets could modulate lipid metabolism by accelerating the secretion of adipokines and fatty acid oxidation.
通讯机构：
[Li, Youzhi] C;College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
关键词：
Toxic metal pollutants;River sediment;Ecological risk
摘要：
In this study, the concentrations of six toxic metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in surface sediments within the Yangtze, Yellow, Pearl, and Liaohe rivers, China, were analyzed, and their associated pollution statuses and potential ecological risks were assessed using the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), and the potential ecological risk index (RI). Relatively high toxic metal concentrations were observed in the Pearl and Yangtze rivers, whereas relatively low concentrations were observed in the Yellow and Liaohe rivers. In the Yangtze, Pearl, and Liaohe rivers, the concentrations of these six toxic metals were higher than their background values. Based on the SQGs, the concentrations of Cd, Cr, and Cu in the four rivers were found to be higher than the threshold effect levels (TELs) but lower than the probable effect levels (PELs); however, the concentration of Ni exceeded the PEL in the Pearl River sediments. The Igeo index indicated that all four rivers were heavily contaminated with Cd. The RI of the Pearl and Yellow rivers was classed as high and low, respectively, and that of the Yangtze and Liaohe rivers as moderate. The pollution status of the sediments in the four major rivers was explored in relation to the geochemical background, the ecological toxicity of metals, and the sensitivity of the local benthic communities. These results provide meaningful information for directing river management priorities.
通讯机构：
[Sellers, James R] L;Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
摘要：
Myosin-7a, despite being monomeric in isolation, plays roles in organizing actin-based cell protrusions such as filopodia, microvilli and stereocilia, as well as transporting cargoes within them. Here, we identify a binding protein for Drosophila myosin-7a termed M7BP, and describe how M7BP assembles myosin-7a into a motile complex that enables cargo translocation and actin cytoskeletal remodeling. M7BP binds to the autoinhibitory tail of myosin-7a, extending the molecule and activating its ATPase activity. Single-molecule reconstitution show that M7BP enables robust motility by complexing with myosin-7a as 2:2 translocation dimers in an actin-regulated manner. Meanwhile, M7BP tethers actin, enhancing complex's processivity and driving actin-filament alignment during processive runs. Finally, we show that myosin-7a-M7BP complex assembles actin bundles and filopodia-like protrusions while migrating along them in living cells. Together, these findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which myosin-7a functions in actin protrusions. Myosin-7a is found in actin bundles, microvilli and stereocilia, and plays conserved roles in hearing and vision. Here the authors identify M7BP, a myosin-7a binding protein that activates and dimerizes myosin-7a, enabling cargo transport and assembly of actin bundles and filopodia-like protrusions
摘要：
Simple SummaryMulberry leaf is widely used in ruminants feeding, such as sheep, beef cattle, and dairy calves. Due to the high content of crude fiber in mature mulberry leaves and branches and the presence of anti-nutritional factors such as tannin, excessive addition will affect the production performance and health of livestock and poultry, and limit its large-scale application in animal production to a certain extent. The disadvantages of woody plants can be improved by microbial fermentation, which can reduce the content of anti-nutritional factors, and increase the content of peptides and amino acids, probiotics, and bioactive components. In this study, Lactobacillus, Saccharomycetes, and Bacillus subtilis were used to make mixed strains to ferment mulberry leaf powder, and different proportions were added to the diet of yellow feathered chicken broilers. The results showed that the addition of fermented mulberry leaf in the diet could improve the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and then improve its growth performance, and increase the contents of inosine monophosphate (IMP), total amino acids, essential amino acids, and delicious amino acids in breast and thigh muscle, and improved polyunsaturated fatty acids and essential fatty acids in breast muscle; this also has a positive effect on improving meat quality.This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding fermented mulberry leaf powder (FMLP) on growth performance, slaughter performance, and meat quality of broilers. A total of 360 1-day-old chickens were randomly divided into 5 groups. The control group was fed basal diet (CON), 3% FMLP, 6% FMLP, 9% FMLP, and 3% unfermented mulberry leaf powder. The (MLP) group was fed basal diet supplemented with 3%, 6%, 9% fermented mulberry leaf powder, and 3% MLP, respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 days, with 1-28 days as the starter phase and 29-56 days as the grower phase. The results on the growth performance showed that diets supplemented with 3% FMLP significantly increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of broilers, enhanced the activity of intestinal amylase and digestibility of dry matter and crude protein, improved the average daily gain (ADG), and decreased the feed to gain ratio (F/G) (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group diet, the 3% FMLP group diet significantly increased the breast muscle yield (p < 0.05), reduced the abdominal fat ratio (0.1 < p < 0.05), and improved the slaughter performance of broilers. The 3% MLP group diet increased the shear force of breast muscle (p < 0.05) and thigh muscle of broilers compared to the control group, and adding FMLP could reverse the above results. Additionally, relative to the control group, FMLP supplementation improved the contents of inosine monophosphate (IMP), total amino acids (TAA), essential amino acids (EAA), and delicious amino acids (DAA) in breast and thigh muscle, and improved polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and essential fatty acids (EFA) in breast muscle; the 6% and 9% FMLP groups showed preferably such effects (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of FMLP can improve the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and then improve the growth performance of broilers; it also has a positive effect on improving slaughter performance and meat quality.
通讯机构：
[Qing Zhou; Hongxia Xie] C;College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
Information related to spatial distribution and dominants of soil organic matter (SOM) is critical for evaluating soil quality and assessing the carbon sequestration capacity, which play essential role in soil management and climate change mitigation. Until now, no reported research has conducted an extensive survey to predict SOM content, analysed SOM spatial variability, and determined the main controls of SOM variation in areas around Dongting Lake in southern China. Therefore, this study aims to (1) explore the spatial variability of SOM content; (2) build a model to quantitatively predict SOM content with various sources of covariates and with the RF method; and (3) identify potential controls of SOM based on the relative importance of variables. A total of 8040 soil samples were collected from Yueyang County in Eastern Dongting Lake Plain. Ordinary kriging was used to produce a map of SOM and then the random forest algorithms were used to predict SOM content with 17 covariates covered terrain attributes, land use, climate, soil management policies, soil properties, and geologic information. Finally, the main dominants of SOM variability were identified. The SOM content in the survey region varied from 4.00 to 446.60 g kg−1 and had an average content of 33.17 g kg−1, which indicated fertile soil in the study area. SOM presented strong spatial variability in the area under study. The high SOM values were majorly located in the northeast and southwest parts of the survey regions. The R2 of our developed model was 0.74 and the RMSE was 0.16 g kg−1. The main controls of SOM variability in the study area were available phosphorus, precipitation, soil group, rotation system, available potassium, altitude, and slope. Our developed model showed a good performance to estimate SOM content using auxiliary variables. Soil properties and agricultural management measures played the most important roles in predicting SOM in the study area. Results obtained from this study could provide new insights for estimating SOM and contribute to the sustainable development of agriculture and better regulation of soil quality in the study area.
摘要：
Simple Summary The current study described the evolution of the gut microbiota of an indigenous pig breeds, Ningxiang pigs (NXP), from one week before weaning to the end of nursery. The results showed that dietary factors mainly drove the evolution of the microbial community of NXP. Our results contributed to a better understanding of the evolutionary characteristics and influencing factors of the gut microbiota of indigenous pig breeds. The current study aimed to investigate the evolution of gut microbiota and its influencing factors for NXP in youth. The results showed that Shannon index increased from d 21 to d 28 whereas the ACE index increased from d 21 until d 60. Firmicutes, mainly Lactobacillus dominated on d 21. The Bacteroides and Spirochetes showed highest relative abundance on d 28. Fiber-degrading bacteria, mainly Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Muribaculaceae, and Oscillospiraceae_UCG-002, dominated the microbial communities at d 28 and d 35. The microbial communities at d 60 and d 75 contained more Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Terrisporobacter and Oscillospiraceae_UCG-005 than other ages, which had significantly positive correlations with acetate and total SCFAs concentration. In conclusion, the evolution of gut microbiota was mainly adapted to the change of dietary factors during NXP growth. The response of fiber-degrading bacteria at different stages may help NXP better adapt to plant-derived feeds.
摘要：
Leaf mustard is a popular cruciferous vegetable, and its chemical composition and biological activities have seldom been investigated. The aim of this study was to characterize the primary extractable components of fresh and fermented leaf mustard and determine their growth inhibitory effects on human colon cancer cells. Our results show that the contents of total soluble sugar, fat, protein, and glucosinolates in the extract of fresh leaf mustard (EFrLM) were significantly higher than those in the extract of fermented leaf mustard (EFeLM), while the inverse was true for amino nitrogen and total polyphenol contents. A total of 45 compounds and 72 volatile components were further identified in the two extracts by LC-MS and GC-MS, respectively. EFrLM and EFeLM displayed no inhibitory effects on normal human colon myofibroblast CCD-18Co cells, but both induced cell cycle arrest and extensive cellular apoptosis in HCT116 cells. Cell cycle-related genes and signaling proteins (cyclin B, cyclin D1, and cyclin E) were downregulated, and apoptosis-related genes and signaling proteins (caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3) were upregulated. Notably, EFeLM exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect than EFrLM on HCT116 cells. The results of this study lay a solid foundation for understanding the chemical constituents and biological activities of leaf mustard and highlight its anticancer potential.
